I nā ʻāina he nui, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ecological vegetarianism, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hōʻole ʻana o ka poʻe i ka ʻai ʻana i nā huahana ʻiʻo e kūʻē i ka mahiʻai holoholona ʻoihana. ʻO ka hui pū ʻana i nā hui a me nā neʻe ʻana, hana nā mea hoʻoikaika o ka vegetarianism ecological i ka hana hoʻonaʻauao, e hōʻike ana i nā mea weliweli o ka mahiʻai holoholona ʻoihana i nā mea kūʻai aku, e wehewehe ana i ka pōʻino o nā mahiʻai hale hana i ke kaiapuni.
Aloha i ka pastoral
He aha kou manaʻo e hāʻawi nui ai i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o nā kinoea ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka lewa o ka Honua, i manaʻo ʻia ke kumu nui o ka hoʻomehana honua? Inā manaʻo ʻoe ʻo nā kaʻa a i ʻole nā mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻenehana ke hewa, a laila ua kuhihewa ʻoe. Wahi a ka US Agricultural and Food Security Report, i paʻi ʻia ma 2006, ʻo nā bipi ke kumu nui o nā kinoea ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma ka ʻāina. ʻO lākou, e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia, i kēia manawa "hoʻopuka" i nā kinoea hoʻomehana honua e 18% ʻoi aku ma mua o nā kaʻa āpau i hui pū ʻia.
ʻOiai he 9% wale nō o ka anthropogenic CO2 ke kuleana o ka mahiʻai holoholona, ua hoʻopuka ʻo ia i 65% o ka nitric oxide, nona ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka hopena greenhouse he 265 mau manawa kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka nui like o CO2, a me 37% o ka methane (ko ka hope o ka hāʻawi. he 23 manawa kiʻekiʻe). ʻO nā pilikia ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka hana holoholona o kēia wā, ʻo ia ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka lepo, ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i ka wai, a me ka haumia o ka wai lepo a me nā kino wai. Pehea ka hana ʻana o ka mahiʻai holoholona, ka mea i hoʻomaka mua ʻia kahi ʻāpana kūlohelohe o ka hana a ke kanaka (ʻai nā bipi i ka mauʻu, a hoʻomaʻamaʻa pū lākou iā ia), i hoʻomaka e hoʻoweliweli i nā ola āpau ma ka honua?
ʻO kekahi o ke kumu, ua pālua ka ʻai ʻana i ka ʻiʻo i kēlā me kēia kanaka i nā makahiki he 50 i hala. A ma muli o ka piʻi nui ʻana o ka heluna kanaka i kēia manawa, piʻi ka nui o ka ʻai ʻana i ka ʻiʻo i 5 mau manawa. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i nā hōʻailona maʻamau - ʻoiaʻiʻo, ma kekahi mau ʻāina, ua mau ka ʻiʻo, ʻoiai he malihini ma ka papaʻaina, a ma nā mea ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka ʻai i nā manawa he nui. Wahi a nā wānana, ma 2000-2050. e hoʻonui ʻia ka ʻiʻo o ka honua mai 229 a 465 miliona tons i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO kahi hapa nui o kēia ʻiʻo he pipi. ʻO kahi laʻana, ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ma kahi o 11 miliona mau tona e ʻai ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
No ka nui o ka ʻai ʻana, ʻaʻole loa e hiki i nā kānaka ke loaʻa ka nui o ka ʻai ʻana inā e hoʻomau ʻia ka hānai ʻana i nā bipi a me nā mea ola ʻē aʻe i hoʻohana ʻia i ka meaʻai ma ke ʻano kahiko, ʻo ia hoʻi ma ka ʻai ʻana i nā holoholona ma nā kula wai a me ka ʻae ʻana i ka manu e holo. noa a puni nā pā. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻai i kēia manawa ua hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ma muli o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ma nā ʻāina ʻoihana, ua pau ka mālama ʻia ʻana o nā holoholona mahiʻai e like me nā mea ola, akā ua hoʻomaka ʻia e ʻike ʻia he mau mea waiwai e pono ai ke ʻoki i ka nui o ka waiwai. i ka manawa pōkole loa a me ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa loa. .
ʻO ka hanana e kūkākūkā ʻia ma ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i kapa ʻia ʻo "factory farming" - ʻano hana holoholona holoholona. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻoihana hana i ka hānai ʻana i nā holoholona ma ke Komohana he kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, hoʻonui i ka hoʻohana ʻana a me ka mālama ʻole ʻana i nā kūlana etika. Mahalo i kēia hoʻoikaika ʻana o ka hana ʻana, ua pau ka ʻiʻo i mea waiwai a loaʻa i ka hapa nui o ka heluna kanaka. Eia naʻe, loaʻa i ka ʻiʻo liʻiliʻi kona kumukūʻai ponoʻī, ʻaʻole hiki ke ana ʻia e kekahi kālā. Ua uku ʻia e nā holoholona, a me nā mea kūʻai iʻa, a me kā mākou honua holoʻokoʻa.
Pipi ʻAmelika
He nui nā bipi ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a inā e hoʻokuʻu ʻia lākou a pau i nā mahina ʻai i ka manawa hoʻokahi, a laila ʻaʻohe wahi i koe no nā noho kanaka. Akā, hoʻohana nā bipi i kahi hapa o ko lākou ola ma ke kula-ʻo ka maʻamau he mau mahina (akā i kekahi manawa he mau makahiki, inā he laki ʻoe). A laila lawe ʻia lākou i nā kumu momona. Ma nā wahi hānai, ʻokoʻa ke kūlana. Maʻaneʻi, hanaʻia kahi hana maʻalahi a paʻakikī - i loko o kekahi mau mahina e lawe mai i kaʻiʻo o nā bipi i kahi kūlana kūpono i kaʻono pono o ka mea kūʻai. Ma kahi kumu momona a lōʻihi i kekahi manawa no nā mile, piha nā bipi, paʻa ke kaumaha o ke kino, a hohonu i ke kuli i ka lepo, a hoʻomoʻa i nā meaʻai nui loa, ʻo ia ka palaoa, ka iwi a me ka ʻai iʻa a me nā mea ola ʻē aʻe.
ʻO kēlā ʻano meaʻai, waiwai ʻole i ka protein a loaʻa i nā protein o nā holoholona holoholona malihini i ka ʻōnaehana digestive o nā bipi, hana i kahi kaumaha nui ma ka ʻōpū o nā holoholona a kōkua i nā kaʻina fermentation wikiwiki me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka methane like i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna. Hoʻohui ʻia, hele pū ka palaho o ka manure i hoʻonui ʻia i ka protein me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka nui o ka nitric oxide.
Wahi a kekahi mau manaʻo hoʻohālikelike, hoʻohana ʻia ka 33% o ka ʻāina mahiʻai o ka honua i mea e ulu ai i ka palaoa no ka hānai holoholona. I ka manawa like, ʻo 20% o nā wahi hānai e loaʻa nei i ka luku nui ʻana i ka lepo ma muli o ka ʻai nui ʻana i ka mauʻu, ka hoof compaction a me ka erosion. Ua manaʻo ʻia he 1 kg o ka palaoa e ulu ai i 16 kg o ka pipi ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. ʻO ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahi ʻai i waiho ʻia i kūpono no ka ʻai ʻana a me ka nui o ka ʻiʻo i ʻai ʻia, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka palaoa e kanu ʻia ʻaʻole no nā kānaka, akā no nā holoholona.
ʻO kekahi kumu waiwai i hoʻohana ʻia e ka mahiʻai holoholona me ka wikiwiki ka wai. Inā he 550 lita ka mea e hana ai i ka palaoa palaoa, a laila he 100 lita ka mea e ulu ai a hana i ka 7000 g o ka pipi ma ka ʻoihana (e like me ka poʻe loea UN e pili ana i nā kumuwaiwai hou). E like me ka nui o ka wai a ke kanaka e ʻauʻau ai i kēlā me kēia lā i loko o ʻeono mahina.
ʻO kahi hopena koʻikoʻi o ka neʻe ʻana o nā holoholona no ka pepehi ʻana ma nā māla hale hana nunui ʻo ia ka pilikia o ka lawe ʻana. Pono mākou e lawe i nā meaʻai i nā mahiʻai, a me nā bipi mai nā wahi hānai a i nā kumu momona, a me nā ʻiʻo mai nā hale pepehi a i nā mea kanu meaʻai. ʻO ka mea nui, 70% o nā bipi ʻiʻo a pau ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i pepehi ʻia ma 22 mau hale pepehi kanaka nui, kahi e lawe ʻia ai nā holoholona i kekahi manawa he mau haneli mau mile. He ʻakaʻaka kaumaha ka hānai nui ʻana o nā bipi ʻAmelika i ka ʻaila. ʻOiaʻiʻo, no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka protein ʻiʻo no kēlā me kēia calorie, pono ʻoe e hoʻolilo i 1 calories o ka wahie (no ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana: 28 calorie o ka meaʻai meaʻai e pono ai he 1 calories o ka wahie).
Nā mea kōkua kemika
ʻIke ʻia ʻaʻohe nīnau e pili ana i ke olakino o nā holoholona me nā mea ʻenehana - ka nui o ka nui, ka meaʻai kūlohelohe, ke kaumaha, nā kūlana pono ʻole, e ola a hiki i ka luku. Akā, he hana paʻakikī kēia inā ʻaʻole i hele mai ke kemika e kōkua i nā kānaka. I loko o ia mau kūlana, ʻo ke ala wale nō e hōʻemi ai i ka make ʻana o nā holoholona mai nā maʻi a me nā parasites ʻo ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i nā lāʻau antibiotic a me nā pesticides, i hana ʻia ma nā mahiʻai āpau. Eia kekahi, ma ka US, ua ʻae ʻia nā hormones, ʻo ia ka hana e hoʻolalelale i ka "hoʻomaʻamaʻa" o ka ʻiʻo, hoʻemi i kāna momona momona a hāʻawi i ke ʻano maʻalahi.
A ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ka ʻāpana holoholona US, ua like ke kiʻi. No ka laʻana, mālama ʻia nā puaʻa i loko o nā pā paʻi. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā lūlū i manaʻo ʻia i nā mahiʻai he nui i loko o nā pahu e ana ana i ka 0,6 × 2 m, kahi hiki ʻole iā lākou ke huli aʻe, a ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o nā keiki e hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka papahele ma kahi kūlana supine.
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā keiki bipi i makemake ʻia no ka ʻiʻo mai ka hānau ʻana mai i loko o nā hīnaʻi puʻupuʻu e kaohi ai i ka neʻe ʻana, kahi e hoʻoulu ai i ka ʻiʻo atrophy a loaʻa ka ʻiʻo i kahi ʻano maʻalahi. "Hoʻopili ʻia" nā moa i loko o nā hīnaʻi he nui i hiki ʻole iā lākou ke neʻe.
Ma ʻEulopa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūlana o nā holoholona ma mua o ka USA. No ka laʻana, ua pāpā ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hormones a me kekahi mau lāʻau antibiotic ma ʻaneʻi, a me nā hale paʻa no nā keiki bipi. Ua hoʻopau mua ʻo UK i nā hīnaʻi lūlū liʻiliʻi a hoʻolālā e hoʻopau iā lākou e 2013 ma ʻEulopa. Eia nō naʻe, ma ka USA a me ʻEulopa, i ka hana ʻoihana o ka ʻiʻo (e like me ka waiū a me nā hua manu), ua mau ke kumu nui - e kiʻi i ka nui o ka huahana mai kēlā me kēia mika square, me ka mālama ʻole ʻana i nā kūlana. o na holoholona.
Ma lalo o kēia mau kūlana, hilinaʻi loa ka hana ʻana ma luna o nā "kemika crutches" - hormones, antibiotics, pesticides, etc., no ka mea, ʻo nā ala ʻē aʻe a pau e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka huahana a mālama i nā holoholona i ke olakino maikaʻi e lilo i mea waiwai ʻole.
Nā hormones ma kahi pā
Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ua ʻae ʻia ʻeono mau hormones no nā bipi pipi. ʻEkolu mau hormones maoli kēia - estradiol, progesterone a me testosterone, a me ʻekolu mau hormones synthetic - zeranol (hana ma ke ʻano he hormone wahine), melengestrol acetate (hormone hāpai) a me ka trenbolone acetate (hormone sex male). ʻO nā hormones a pau, koe wale ka melengestrol, i hoʻohui ʻia i ka hānai ʻana, hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o nā pepeiao o nā holoholona, kahi e noho ai lākou no ke ola, a hiki i ka luku ʻana.
A hiki i ka makahiki 1971, ua hoʻohana pū ʻia ka hormone diethylstilbestrol ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, akā naʻe, i ka wā i hoʻololi ʻia ai e hoʻonui i ka pilikia o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā maʻi maʻi maʻi a hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka hana hānau o ka pēpē (nā keikikāne a me nā kaikamahine), ua pāpā ʻia. E pili ana i nā hormones i hoʻohana ʻia i kēia manawa, ua māhele ʻia ka honua i ʻelua mau pūʻulu. I ka EU a me Rūsia, ʻaʻole lākou i hoʻohana ʻia a manaʻo ʻia he mea pōʻino, ʻoiai ma ka USA ua manaʻo ʻia hiki ke ʻai ʻia ka ʻiʻo me nā hormones me ka ʻole o ka pilikia. ʻO wai ka pololei? He pōʻino anei nā hormones i loko o ka ʻiʻo?
Me he mea lā ua komo nā mea ʻino i kēia manawa i loko o ko mākou kino me ka meaʻai, pono anei e makaʻu i nā hormones? Eia naʻe, pono e hoʻomaopopo kekahi i nā hormones kūlohelohe a me ka synthetic i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o nā holoholona mahiʻai he ʻano like me nā hormones kanaka a loaʻa ka hana like. No laila, ʻo nā ʻAmelika a pau, koe naʻe nā mea ʻai meaʻai, ua loaʻa i kahi ʻano o ka hormone therapy mai ka wā kamaliʻi. Loaʻa nō hoʻi i nā Lūkini, ʻoiai ʻo Rūsia e lawe mai i ka ʻiʻo mai ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. ʻOiai, e like me ka mea i hōʻike mua ʻia, ma Rūsia, e like me ka EU, ua pāpā ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hormones i ka mahiʻai holoholona, nā hoʻāʻo ʻana no ka pae o ka hormone i ka ʻiʻo i lawe ʻia mai nā ʻāina ʻē e hana wale ʻia, a paʻakikī loa nā hormones kūlohelohe i kēia manawa i ka mahiʻai holoholona. e ʻike, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai nā hormones maoli o ke kino.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole nui nā hormones e komo i ke kino o ke kanaka me ka ʻiʻo. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo kahi kanaka e ʻai i ka 0,5 kg o ka ʻiʻo i kēlā me kēia lā e loaʻa i kahi 0,5 μg o estradiol. No ka mea, mālama ʻia nā hormones a pau i loko o ka momona a me ke akepaʻa, ʻo ka poʻe makemake i ka ʻiʻo a me ke ake palai e loaʻa i kahi 2-5 mau manawa o ka nui o nā hormones.
No ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana: aia ma kahi o ka 30 micrograms o ka estradiol i hoʻokahi papa mana hānau. E like me kāu e ʻike ai, ʻo ka nui o nā hormones i loaʻa me ka ʻiʻo he ʻumi mau manawa ma mua o nā therapeutic. Eia nō naʻe, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana o nā haʻawina hou, hiki i kahi haʻahaʻa liʻiliʻi mai ka ʻike maʻamau o nā hormones hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka physiology o ke kino. He mea koʻikoʻi loa ia ʻaʻole e hoʻopilikia i ka pale hormonal i ka wā kamaliʻi, no ka mea, i nā keiki ʻaʻole i hiki i ka wā ʻōpio, haʻahaʻa loa ka neʻe ʻana o nā hormones sex i loko o ke kino (kokoke i ka zero) a ʻo ka piʻi iki ʻana o ka pae o ka hormone ua weliweli. Pono kekahi e makaʻala i ka hopena o nā hormones i ka ulu ʻana o ka fetus, no ka mea, i ka wā o ka ulu ʻana o ka fetal, hoʻoponopono ʻia ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻiʻo a me nā cell e ka nui o nā hormones.
Ua ʻike ʻia i kēia manawa he koʻikoʻi ka mana o nā hormones i nā wā kūikawā o ka ulu ʻana o ka fetal - ʻo nā mea i kapa ʻia ʻo nā kī nui, i ka wā e hiki ai i kahi loli liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i ka hormone ke alakaʻi i nā hopena i ʻike ʻole ʻia. He mea nui e hele maikaʻi nā hormones a pau i hoʻohana ʻia i ka mahi holoholona ma o ka pale placental a komo i ke koko o ka pēpē. Akā, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka hopohopo nui loa ka hopena carcinogenic o nā hormones. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo nā hormones sex e hoʻoulu i ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻano ʻano o nā pūnaʻi tumo, e like me ka maʻi maʻi umauma i nā wahine (estradiol) a me ka maʻi prostate i nā kāne (testosterone).
Eia nō naʻe, kūʻē loa ka ʻikepili mai nā noiʻi epidemiological i hoʻohālikelike i ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi kanesa i nā mea ʻai meaʻai a me nā mea ʻai ʻiʻo. Hōʻike kekahi mau haʻawina i kahi pilina maopopo, ʻaʻole kekahi.
Ua loaʻa nā ʻikepili hoihoi e nā kānaka ʻepekema mai Boston. Ua ʻike lākou ʻo ka pilikia o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā maʻi maʻi e pili ana i ka hormone i nā wahine e pili pono ana i ka ʻai ʻai i ka wā kamaliʻi a me ka wā ʻōpio. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka ʻiʻo a nā keiki i hoʻokomo ʻia, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi koko ma ke ʻano he kanaka makua. Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, kahi o ka ʻai ʻana i ka ʻiʻo "hormonal" ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa ma ka honua, 40 mau wahine i make i ka maʻi maʻi umauma i kēlā me kēia makahiki a ʻike ʻia nā maʻi hou he 180.
Antibiotics
Inā hoʻohana wale ʻia nā hormones ma waho o ka EU (ma ka liʻiliʻi loa ma ke kānāwai), a laila hoʻohana ʻia nā lāʻau antibiotic ma nā wahi āpau. ʻAʻole wale no ka hakakā ʻana i ka bacteria. A hiki i kēia manawa, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia nā lāʻau antibiotic ma ʻEulopa e hoʻoulu i ka ulu ʻana o nā holoholona. Eia naʻe, mai ka makahiki 1997 ua hoʻopau ʻia lākou a ua pāpā ʻia i ka EU. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻohana mau ʻia nā lāʻau antibiotic therapeutic. Pono e hoʻohana mau ʻia a ma nā ʻano nui - inā ʻaʻole, ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o nā holoholona, aia ka pilikia o ka hoʻolaha wikiwiki ʻana o nā maʻi weliweli.
ʻO nā lāʻau antibiotic i komo i ke kaiapuni me ka manure a me nā ʻōpala ʻē aʻe e hana i nā kūlana no ka puka ʻana mai o ka bacteria mutant me ke kūʻē kūʻokoʻa iā lākou. Ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻano lāʻau kūʻē antibiotic o Escherichia coli a me Salmonella i kēia manawa ke kumu o ka maʻi koʻikoʻi i ke kanaka, pinepine me nā hopena make.
Aia kekahi pilikia mau o ka nawaliwali o ka ʻōnaehana pale i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka mālama holoholona koʻikoʻi a me ka hoʻohana mau ʻana i nā lāʻau antibiotic e hana i nā kūlana maikaʻi no nā maʻi maʻi viral e like me ka maʻi wāwae a me ka waha. Ua hōʻike ʻia ʻelua maʻi maʻi wāwae-a-waha ma UK i ka makahiki 2001 a me 2007 ma hope koke iho o ka haʻi ʻana o ka EU he wahi FMD-free a ua ʻae ʻia ka poʻe mahiʻai e hoʻōki i ka hana ʻana i nā holoholona e kūʻē iā ia.
Pesticides
ʻO ka hope, pono e haʻi i nā pesticides - nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i nā pests mahiʻai a me nā parasites holoholona. Me ke ʻano hana ʻoihana o ka hana ʻana i ka ʻiʻo, hana ʻia nā kūlana āpau no kā lākou hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka huahana hope. ʻO ka mea mua, kāpīpī nui ʻia lākou ma luna o nā holoholona e hoʻokō i nā parasites e like me nā maʻi bacteria a me nā maʻi maʻi, makemake i nā holoholona me kahi ʻōnaehana pale nāwaliwali, e noho ana i ka lepo a me nā kūlana ʻokiʻoki. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole ʻai nā holoholona i mālama ʻia ma nā māla hale hana i ka mauʻu maʻemaʻe, akā hānai ʻia i ka palaoa, ulu pinepine ʻia ma nā kula e puni ana i ka mahiʻai hale hana. Loaʻa ʻia kēia hua me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau pesticides, a eia kekahi, komo nā pesticides i ka lepo me ka manure a me ka wai, mai kahi e hāʻule hou ai i loko o ka palaoa hānai.
I kēia manawa, ua hoʻokumu ʻia i kēia manawa he nui nā pesticides synthetic he carcinogens a ke kumu i nā malformations congenital o ka fetus, hopohopo a me nā maʻi ʻili.
Punawai Poisoned
ʻAʻole i makehewa ka manaʻo ʻana o Hercules i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā hale aliʻi Augean no kahi hana. ʻO ka heluna nui o nā herbivores, i hōʻuluʻulu ʻia, hoʻopuka i ka nui o ka manure. Inā i loko o ka mahiʻai holoholona maʻamau, lilo ka manure i mea waiwai nui (a ma kekahi mau ʻāina hoʻi he wahie), a laila ma ka ʻoihana mahi holoholona he pilikia.
I kēia manawa ma US, hoʻopuka nā holoholona i 130 mau manawa ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻōpala ma mua o ka heluna kanaka holoʻokoʻa. Ma ke ʻano maʻamau, ʻohi ʻia ka manure a me nā ʻōpala ʻē aʻe mai nā mahiʻai hale hana i loko o nā pahu kūikawā, ʻo ka lalo o ia mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me nā mea wai. Eia nō naʻe, haki pinepine ia, a i ka wā o ka wai puna, komo ka manure i ka wai o ka honua a me nā muliwai, a mai laila aku i ke kai. ʻO nā pūhui Nitrogen e komo ana i loko o ka wai e kōkua i ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana o nā algae, e ʻai nui ana i ka oxygen a hāʻawi i ka hana ʻana i nā "ʻāpana make" nui i ke kai, kahi e make ai nā iʻa a pau.
No ka laʻana, i ke kauwela o 1999, ma ke kahawai ʻo Mexico, kahi e kahe ai ka muliwai ʻo Mississippi, haumia me ka ʻōpala mai nā haneli o nā mahiʻai hale hana, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi "kahi make" me kahi kokoke i 18 tausani km2. Ma nā muliwai he nui e pili kokoke ana i nā māla holoholona nui a me nā wahi hānai ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻike pinepine ʻia nā maʻi hānau hānau a me ka hermaphroditism (ke alo o nā hōʻailona o nā kāne ʻelua) i ka iʻa. Ua ʻike ʻia nā hihia a me nā maʻi kanaka i hoʻopili ʻia e ka wai paipu. Ma nā mokuʻāina kahi i ʻoi aku ka ikaika o nā bipi a me nā puaʻa, ʻōlelo ʻia ka poʻe ʻaʻole e inu i ka wai i ka wā o ka wai puna. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻaʻole hiki i nā iʻa a me nā holoholona hihiu ke hahai i kēia mau ʻōlelo aʻo.
He mea pono anei ke "hopu a loaa" ke Komohana?
Ke piʻi aʻe ka makemake i ka ʻiʻo, ʻaʻole i emi ka manaʻolana e hoʻi hou ka mahiʻai holoholona i ka wā kahiko, kokoke i ka wā hānai. Akā ʻike mau ʻia nā ʻano maikaʻi. Ma ʻAmelika a me ʻEulopa, ke ulu nei ka nui o ka poʻe e mālama nei i nā kemika i loko o kā lākou meaʻai a pehea e pili ai i ko lākou olakino.
I nā ʻāina he nui, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ecological vegetarianism, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hōʻole ʻana o ka poʻe i ka ʻai ʻana i nā huahana ʻiʻo e kūʻē i ka mahiʻai holoholona ʻoihana. ʻO ka hui pū ʻana i nā hui a me nā neʻe ʻana, hana nā mea hoʻoikaika o ka vegetarianism ecological i ka hana hoʻonaʻauao, e hōʻike ana i nā mea weliweli o ka mahiʻai holoholona ʻoihana i nā mea kūʻai aku, e wehewehe ana i ka pōʻino o nā mahiʻai hale hana i ke kaiapuni.
Ua loli pū ka manaʻo o nā kauka i ka vegetarianism i nā makahiki i hala iho nei. Ua ʻōlelo mua ka poʻe meaʻai meaʻai ʻAmelika i ka vegetarianism ma ke ʻano he ʻano meaʻai olakino. No ka poʻe hiki ʻole ke hōʻole i ka ʻiʻo, akā ʻaʻole makemake hoʻi e ʻai i nā huahana o nā mahiʻai hale hana, aia ke kūʻai aku nei i nā huahana ʻē aʻe mai ka ʻiʻo o nā holoholona i ulu ʻia ma nā pā liʻiliʻi me ka ʻole o nā hormones, nā lāʻau antibiotic a me nā cell cramped.
Eia naʻe, ma Rusia, heʻokoʻa nā mea a pau. ʻOiai ke ʻike nei ka honua ʻaʻole maikaʻi wale ka vegetarianism, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kaiapuni a me ka ʻoihana ma mua o ka ʻai ʻana i ka ʻiʻo, ke hoʻāʻo nei nā Lūkini e hoʻonui i ka ʻai ʻai. No ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka nui o ka noi, lawe ʻia ka ʻiʻo mai nā ʻāina ʻē, mai ka USA, Canada, Argentina, Brazil, Australia - nā ʻāina kahi i hoʻohana ʻia ai ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hormones, a kokoke i nā ʻoihana holoholona āpau. I ka manawa like, ke piʻi nui nei nā kelepona e "aʻo mai ke Komohana a hoʻoikaika i ka mahiʻai holoholona home".
ʻOiaʻiʻo, aia nā kūlana a pau no ka hoʻololi ʻana i kahi ʻoihana holoholona ʻoihana paʻa i Rusia, me ka mea nui loa - ka makemake e ʻai i ka nui o nā huahana holoholona me ka noʻonoʻo ʻole pehea e loaʻa ai. Ua lōʻihi ka hana ʻana o ka waiū a me nā hua manu ma Rūsia e like me ke ʻano o ka hale hana (ʻo ka huaʻōlelo "poultry farm" ka mea maʻamau i nā poʻe a pau mai ka wā kamaliʻi), ʻo ia wale nō ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā holoholona a hoʻopaʻa i nā kūlana no ko lākou ola ʻana. Ke huki ʻia nei ka hana ʻana o nā moa broiler a hiki i "nā kūlana komohana" ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻopili ʻana a me ka ikaika o ka hoʻohana ʻana. No laila, hiki koke iā Rūsia ke hopu a loaʻa i ke Komohana ma ke ʻano o ka hana ʻiʻo. ʻO ka nīnau - he aha ke kumukūʻai?