ʻO nā mākala Scalene nā mākala i ka ʻāʻī, e ʻae iā ia e neʻe ʻaoʻao. Ua kapa ʻia kēia mau mākala flexor ʻekolu nā mākala scalene mua, ka skalene waena a me ka scalene hope no ka mea he ʻano ko ka triangle scalene.

ʻO ka triangle scalene, i ka geometry, he huinakolu nona nā ʻaoʻao ʻekolu ʻaʻole kaulike. Hele mai ka huaʻōlelo, etymologically, mai ka Lākina “scalenus«, A ʻoi aku ma ka ʻōlelo Helene«Pāku'iʻO ke kumu o ka "oblique" a i ʻole "ʻoʻopa", no laila "ʻano ʻole, kaulike ʻole". Hoʻonui ʻia kēia mauʻiʻo scalene ma waena o nā kaʻina o ka iwi, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā iwi iwi o ka iwi ʻeha, a me nā iwi mua ʻelua o nā iwi ʻaoʻao.

ʻO nā mākala scalene nā mākala o ka ʻāʻī, aia hohonu. Hōʻike lākou i kahi ʻano triangle scalene, ʻo ia hoʻi, i ka geometry, he triangle me ʻekolu mau ʻaoʻao kaulike ʻole. Hele mai ka huaʻōlelo, etymologically, mai ka Lākina “scalenus«, A ʻoi aku ma ka ʻōlelo Helene«Pāku'iʻO ka manaʻo “oblique”.

Aia, i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻekolu pūʻulu o nā mākala scalene:

• kahi mākala scalene mua;
• kahi mākala scalene waena;
• kahiʻiʻo scalene ma hope. 

Hoʻolahalaha ʻia kēia mau mākala scalene ma waena o nā kaʻina o ka ʻeha, ʻo ia hoʻi nā protony o ka iwi o ka iwi ʻiwi aia ma ka iwi kuamoʻo, a me nā hui mua ʻelua o nā iwi ʻaoʻao. Hoʻomohele ʻia kēia mau mākala ma ke ʻano bilaterally, i mua a i ka ʻaoʻao.

ʻO ka hana physiological a me biomechanical o nā mākala scalene e lilo i nāʻiʻo flexor. ʻO kēia mau mākala ʻekolu e hiki ai ke neʻe i ka ʻāʻaoʻao ma ka ʻaoʻao. Hoʻohui ʻia, pili pū kekahi mau mākala o ka ʻāʻī a me nā kāʻei poʻohiwi i ka hanu ʻana: ʻo kēia ka hihia o nā mākala scalene, i hāʻawi i ka hoʻoulu i ka hanu mālie.

I ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa bilualua, nā mākala scalene he flexors o ka iwi ʻaoʻao maha a me nā mea hoʻoulu. I ka unilateral contraction, he ipsilateral tilters a me rotators.

ʻO nā anomalies nui a i ʻole nā ​​pathologies i hoʻopili ʻia i ka mākala scalene i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka maʻi scalene. Hōʻike kēia maʻi i ka compression o ka vascular a me ka pūpū nerve, i kona wā e hele ai ma waena o nā mākala scalene mua a me waena.

Hiki i nā kumu o ke kaohi ʻana ke like me nā kauoha.

• kūlana maikaʻi ʻole, e like me ka hāʻule ʻana i nā poʻohiwi a i ʻole ke mālama ʻana i ke poʻo i mua;
• trauma, no ka laʻana i hoʻokumu ʻia e kahi ulia kaʻa, kahi kīnā anatomical (iwi ʻiwi);
• kaomi ma luna o nā ami, hiki ke kumu ʻia e ka momona a i ʻole ka hāpai ʻana i kahi ʻeke nui a i ʻole ʻūʻeke i hiki ke hoʻokau nui i nā hono;
• hoʻopili ʻia ka muscular hypertrophy i ka hana o kekahi mau haʻuki;
• a hāpai paha, kahi e hiki ai i nā hono sagging.

ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi scalene e like me ka holomua e pono e hoʻololi ʻia i kēlā me kēia mea maʻi. He mea kupanaha paha ka hiki i kahi ʻūlū liʻiliʻi ke hana i nā hōʻailona maʻi he nui. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka lapaʻau nui ke ʻano ʻano physiotherapy.

E koi ana ia i ke kikoʻī nui a me ka koʻikoʻi nui i ka wā o ka hana. Hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia i nā hana hoʻoikaika kino he nui, kahi i hoʻohui ʻia i nā hana ʻē aʻe e like me ka mobilize a me ka passive mobilization, a i ʻole nā ​​massage therapy technique, ʻo ia hoʻi, "he lomilomi e hoʻōla".

Kū'ē i ka spasm, pono ka hana hanu no ka mea e hoʻomaha ia i kēia mau mākala. ʻEwalu mau manawa mai ka ʻumi, kūpono a lawa hoʻi ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa e hōʻoluʻolu i ka ʻeha i nā mea maʻi.

He paʻakikī ke kuhikuhi ʻana i ka maʻi ʻo scalene, no ka mea ʻaʻohe hōʻailona pathognomonic. No laila, ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea paʻakikī i ka lāʻau, mai kahi pathogenetic, diagnostic a me therapeutic point of view. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, he kauka ka hōʻailona akā he physiotherapeutic kekahi. ʻOiaʻiʻo, e ukali kēia hōʻikeʻike physiotherapeutic i ka hōʻailona olakino, kahi e hiki ai ke hoʻoholo i ka mākaukau o ka physiotherapist e mālama i ka mea maʻi a hoʻopau i nā etiology āpau ma mua o cervicarthrosis.

Kāhea ʻia kēia maʻi scalene Syndrome ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Thacoaco-brachial crossing Syndrome (STTB) a i ʻole thoraco-brachial outlet syndrome (TBDS). Hiki ke hōʻike ʻia i nā ala he nui, ʻo ia ke kumu i paʻakikī loa ai ka ʻike ʻana: ʻano like ʻole nā ​​ʻōuli maʻi, hiki lākou i vascular a me / a i ʻole neurological. Eia kekahi, nele lākou i ka kikoʻī.

E pili ana i nā ʻano neurological, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hopena o ka wahine ma mua o ke kāne, ma waena o 30 a 50 mau makahiki. No nā ʻano ʻona, ʻelua mau manawa ka nui o lākou i ka nui o nā kāne, e like me nā kiʻi i hāʻawi ʻia e Doctor Hervé de Labareyre, kauka haʻuki ma Palisa.

ʻO ka hihia lapaʻau maoli maoli o STTB i wehewehe ʻia ma muli o ke kaukō lapaʻau Pelekane ʻo Sir Ashley Cooper i ka makahiki 1821, me kahi wehewehe maikaʻi o nā ʻōuli e Mayo i ka makahiki 1835. Ua wehewehe mua ʻia ka "Thoracic Outlet Syndrome" i ka makahiki 1956 e Peet. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Mercier ma 1973 Thoraco-brachial crossing syndrome.

Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻo ka scalene syndrome, a ʻo STTB paha, kahi manaʻo o ka honua āpau e hui pū nei i nā pilikia o ke kaomi ʻana o nā neural a me nā vaskular element o ka hilum o ka lālā luna. A ke kikoʻī ʻia nei i ka nānā ʻana i ke koʻikoʻi o ka mea physiopathological maʻamau i hōʻike ʻia e ka kaomi ʻana o ka iwi mua a Roos i manaʻo ai, i ka makahiki 1966, i kāna resection e ke ala transaxillary. ʻO Peet, mai ka Mayo Clinic, hāʻawi i kahi protocol rehabilitation.

ʻO Concretely, ka hana a Mercier a me kāna mau mea hana i hana i ka hoihoi i ka nīnau ma Palani.