ʻO ka tibia (mai ka Latin tibia, ʻohe) kahi iwi o ka lālā o lalo e waiho ana i ka pae o ka wāwae, ma waena o ke kuli a me ka kuʻekuʻe wāwae.

ʻO ka tibia a me ka fibula, i ʻike ʻia ka fibula, hana i ka iwi o ka wāwae, kahi ʻāpana anatomical aia ma waena o ke kuli a me ka kuʻekuʻe wāwae. Pili kēia mau iwi ʻelua e kahi membrane interosseous.

'ole. He iwi lōʻihi ka tibia ʻo ka iwi nui lua ma hope o ka femur. Loaʻa iā ia:

• o hoʻokahi kihi, a i ʻole epiphysis, pili i ka voluminous hiʻohiʻona a me ka ʻae ʻana e haʻi me ka femur a me ka fibula e hana i ke kuli.
• o ke kino, i kapa ʻia he diaphysis, i huinakolu ke ʻano ke ʻoki ʻia.
• o kekahi wēlau, a i ʻole epiphysis, distal, emi voluminous ma mua o ka proximal, a me ka articulating me ka fibula a me ka talus e hana i ka kuʻekuʻe wāwae (1).

Hoʻokomo. ʻO ka tibia kahi pūnaewele o nā hoʻokomo ligament like ʻole, e komo ana i nā kuli a me nā kuʻekuʻe wāwae, a me nā hoʻokomo o nā mākala e komo i nā neʻe o ka wāwae.

Kākoʻo kino kaumaha. Hoʻouna ka tibia i ke kaumaha o ke kino mai ka femur a ka wāwae (2).

ʻO nā hoʻoikaika kuli. Hele ka dynamics o ke kuli ma waena o ka femoro-tibial ami a ʻae i nā neʻe o ka flexion, extension, rotation a me laterality (3).

ʻO ka ikaika kuʻekuʻe wāwae. E hele i ka dynamics o ka kuʻekuʻe ma waena o ka ami talocrural a ʻae i ka dorsiflexion (flexion) a me ka flexion plantar (extension) neʻe (4).

Haki ka wāwae. Hiki i ka tibia ke haki. ʻO kekahi o nā ʻāpana i hoʻopilikia loa ʻia ka lāʻau tibial, ka wahi ʻoi loa o ka iwi. Hiki ke hele pū me ka haʻi o ka tibia me ka fibula.

ʻO ka maʻi periostitis. Kūlike ia i kahi leona e hōʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he mumū ma ka pae o ka maka kūloko o ka tibia. Hōʻike ia ma ke ʻano he ʻeha ʻeha i ka wāwae. Hōʻike pinepine ʻia kēia pathology i nā poʻe haʻuki haʻuki. (5)

Nā Maladies o ka os. Hiki i nā maʻi he nui ke hoʻopili i nā iwi a hoʻololi i ko lākou ʻano.

• Osteoporosis: He haʻahaʻa iwi haʻahaʻa kēia i ʻike pinepine ʻia i ka poʻe ma mua o 60 mau makahiki. Maʻa mau ka iwi a maʻalahi i nā haki.
• Hoʻoiho iwi. Kuhi kēia pathology i kahi hoʻomohala ʻole a hoʻoponopono hou paha o ka iwi iwi a komo pū me nā maʻi he nui. ʻIke mākou i ka maʻi ʻo Paget (6), kekahi o nā pinepine pinepine, e hoʻoulu ana i ka momona a me ka deformation o nā iwi a hōʻike ʻia e ka ʻeha. Kūlike ʻo Algodystrophy i ke ʻano o ka ʻeha a me / a ʻoʻoleʻa paha ma hope o kahi trauma (haki, ʻoki kino, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe).

Lapaʻau ola. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka maʻi, kauoha ʻia nā ʻano lapaʻau like ʻole e hoʻoponopono a hoʻoikaika paha i ka iwi o ka iwi a hoʻēmi paha i ka ʻeha a me ka mumū.

Lapaʻau ʻoki kino. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ke ʻano o ka haki, hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia kahi hana ʻoki lāʻau me ke kau ʻana o kahi pā i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka kui, nā kui a i ʻole kahi fixator kūwaho.

Hoʻomaʻo Orthopedic. Ke kaukaʻi ʻia nei i ke ʻano o ka haki, e hoʻokō ʻia ai kahi pā plaster.

ʻImi hoʻokolohua kiʻi. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka X-ray, CT, MRI, scintigraphy a i ʻole ka iwi densitometry e nānā i nā pathology iwi.

Nānā Lapaʻau. I mea e ʻike ai i kekahi mau pathology, hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ke koko a me ka mimi e like me, e laʻa me ke ana o ka phosphor a me ka calcium.

ʻO ke ettyology o ka manawa tibia (mai ka Latin mahana, ʻohe) hiki ke wehewehe ʻia e ka hoʻohālikelike ma waena o ke ʻano o ka iwi a me ka mea kani.