ʻO nā maka makapō, nā lehelehe nahu, nā shrug, nā tics, kēia mau neʻe ʻole e kaohi ʻia e pili i nā mākua a me nā keiki. He aha nā kumu? Aia kekahi mau lapaʻau? 

Kū koke nā ʻōnaehana, neʻe ʻole nā ​​mākala pono ʻole. Kūleʻa lākou, loli, polymorphic a me ka kaohi ʻole a hoʻololi nui i ka maka. ʻAʻole nā ​​hopena nā hopena o kahi maʻi akā hiki ke lilo i hōʻailona o nā maʻi ʻē aʻe e like me Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Hoʻonui ʻia lākou i nā manawa o ka hopohopo, ka huhū a me ke koʻikoʻi.

Ma waena o 3 a 15% o nā keiki e pili me ka predominance i nā keikikāne. Hōʻike maʻamau lākou ma waena o 4 a me 8 mau makahiki, i kapa ʻia nā leo leo a i ʻole ke kani kani i hōʻike ma hope o nā kaʻa kaʻa. ʻO ka nui o ko lākou koʻikoʻi ma waena o nā makahiki o 8 a me 12 mau makahiki. ʻO nā Tics, pinepine i nā keiki, nalo i ka hapalua o nā kumuhana a puni ka makahiki o 18. Kāhea ʻia kēia mau tics transient, ʻoiai nā tics e hoʻomau i ke ʻano makua i kapa ʻia ʻo "mau".

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā tics i nā wā hoʻololi e like me:

• hoʻi i ke kula,
• neʻe hale,
• wā kaumaha.

Hiki i ke kaiapuni ke hana i kekahi kuleana ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o kekahi mau tics e ka mimicry me ka poʻe kokoke. Hoʻonui ʻino ʻia nā tics e ke koʻikoʻi a me ka hiamoe ʻole.

Ke kuhi nei kekahi o nā kānaka noiʻi he kumu ia nā tics e kahi pilikia me ke oʻo ʻana o ka neuronal. Hiki i kēia kumu ke wehewehe i ka nalo ʻana o ka hapa nui o nā tics i ka wā makua, akā ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia i ka ʻepekema.

Aia nā ʻano ʻokoʻa o nā tics:

• mīkini,
• leo,
• mea
• .

tics maʻalahi

Hōʻike ʻia nā tics maʻalahi e nā neʻe hikiwawe a i ʻole nā ​​kani, pōkole, akā koi maʻamau i ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi o hoʻokahi wale Muscle (ʻālohilohi o nā maka, hoʻomaʻemaʻe o ka ʻāʻī).

ʻO nā kaʻa kaʻa paʻakikī

Hoʻopili ʻia nā kaʻa mika paʻakikī. Pākuʻi lākou "i kekahi mau mākala a loaʻa kahi manawa kūlohelohe: ke nānā aku lākou e like me ka neʻe ʻana o ka paʻakikī maʻamau akā ko lākou ʻano repetitive i mea nui iā lākou" wehewehe ʻo Dr. Francine Lussier, neuropsychologist a me ka mea kākau o ka puke "Tics? OCD? Nā pilikia pahū? ”. ʻO kēia mau mea, no ka laʻana, nā neʻe e like me ka hoʻoluliluli pinepine ʻana i ke poʻo, ka ʻūlū ʻana, ka lele ʻana, ka hana hou ʻana i nā hana o haʻi (echopraxia), a i ʻole ka ʻike ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana obscene (copropraxia).

Nā leo mele paʻakikī 

"Kuhi ʻia nā leo leo maʻalahi e nā kaʻanuʻu kani kikoʻī akā kau ʻia i kahi pōʻaiapili kūpono ʻole: ka hana hou ʻana o nā ʻāpana, ka ʻōlelo atypical, ka poloka e hōʻike ana i ka stutter, ka hana hou ʻana i kekahi o nā huaʻōlelo ponoʻī (palilalia), ka hana hou ʻana i nā huaʻōlelo i lohe ʻia (eolalia), ka puana ʻana o nā huaʻōlelo huna. (coprolalia) ”e like me ka French Society of Pediatrics.

ʻO ke alapine o ka maʻi ʻo Gilles de la Tourette ma lalo o ka tics a pili ka 0,5% i ka 3% o nā keiki. He maʻi neurological ia me kahi genetic. Hōʻike ia iā ia iho e nā motika motika a ma ka liʻiliʻi hoʻokahi tic kani e hoʻomohala i ka wā kamaliʻi a hoʻomau i ke ola holoʻokoʻa i nā pae ʻokoʻa o ka ʻike. Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia kēia maʻi me nā maʻi obsessive-compulsive (OCDs), nā maʻi noonoo, nā pilikia ʻike, ka hopohopo, nā maʻi alakaʻi. 

Eia nō naʻe, hiki i nā mākua, e like me nā keiki, ke ʻeha i nā ʻōniʻoniʻo mau me ka ʻike ʻole ʻia ʻo Gilles de la Tourette. "ʻAʻole pono nā tics maʻalahi i ka hōʻailona o ka maʻi ʻo Gilles de la Tourette, ʻano maikaʻi lākou" hōʻoia i ka neuropsychologist.

Nā OCD

ʻO nā OCD a i ʻole nā ​​maʻi obsessive-compulsive he mau hana hou a maikaʻi ʻole akā ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia. Wahi a INSERM (National Institute of Health and Medical Research) "pili ka poʻe i ʻeha i ka OCD me ka maʻemaʻe, ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana, ka symmetry a i ʻole hoʻouka ʻia e nā kānalua a me nā makaʻu kūpono ʻole. I mea e hōʻemi ai i ko lākou hopohopo, hana lākou i nā hana o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, holoi ʻana a nānā paha i mau hola i kēlā me kēia lā i nā hihia koʻikoʻi ". ʻO kahi OCD kahi hana maʻamau ʻaʻole pono e loli no ka mea hoʻomanawanui, ʻoiai he kūlohelohe a kūkaʻi ʻole kahi tic a ke ulu nei i ka manawa.

Kūlana

ʻAʻole like me OCDs, he neʻe kipi nā tics akā me ka ʻole o ka manaʻo pulakaumaka. Hoʻopili kēia mau maʻi obsessive ma kahi o 2% o ka heluna kanaka a hoʻomaka i 65% o nā hihia ma mua o ka makahiki 25. Hiki iā lākou ke mālama ʻia e ka lawe ʻana i kahi anti-depressant akā koi ʻia i ke kōkua o kahi psychotherapist. ʻO ka manaʻo nui nā therapies e hōʻemi i nā hōʻailona, ​​e ʻae ai i kahi ola maʻamau o kēlā me kēia lā a hoʻemi i ka nalo ʻana o ka manawa e pili ana i ka hana pinepine ʻana o nā hana.

Hele pinepine nā Tics ma hope o hoʻokahi makahiki. Ma waho o kēia palena, hiki iā lākou ke lilo i mau manawa mau, no laila ʻino ʻole, a i ʻole he hōʻailona hōʻailona o nā pathology. He ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo paha i kēia hihia e nīnau i kahi neurologist a i ʻole psychiatrist keiki, ʻoiai inā pili pū nā tics me nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe e like me nā haunaele i ka nānā, hyperactivity a i ʻole OCDs. Inā kānalua, hiki ke hana i kahi electroencephalogram (EEG).

E ʻike i ke kumu o nā tics

"ʻAʻole pono mākou e hoʻopaʻi, a ʻimi paha e hoʻopaʻi i ke keiki e ʻeha nei i nā tics: ʻo ia wale nō ka mea e hopohopo ai a hoʻonui i kāna mau tics" kikoʻī ʻo Francine Lussier. ʻO ka mea nui e hoʻokūpaʻa i ke keiki a nānā i nā mea i loaʻa ke kumu o ka haunaele a me ke koʻikoʻi. ʻOiai he neʻe ʻole ka neʻe ʻana, he mea nui ia e hoʻomaopopo i ka ʻohana a ka mea maʻi a me ka poʻe o loko.

Hāʻawi i ke kākoʻo psychological

Hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia i ke kākoʻo psychological a me ka lawaiʻa ʻano no ka poʻe ʻelemakule. E akahele, akā: "pono ​​e mālama i nā lāʻau lapaʻau i kahi ʻokoʻa" kikoʻī i ka French Society of Pediatrics. Pono ka mālama ʻana ke hiki ʻole ke tics, ʻeha a pili maikaʻi ʻole paha i ka nohona. Hiki iā ia ke kuhikuhi i kahi lāʻau me Clonidine. I ka hanana o ka hyperactivity a me nā haunaele e pili ana i ka nānā, hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia i ka methylphenidate. I nā hihia o nā maʻi alakaʻi, pono ka risperidone. Inā loaʻa ka OCDs i ka mea maʻi, manaʻo ʻia ka sertraline. 

Hoʻomaʻamaʻa hoʻomaha

Hiki nō hoʻi ke hōʻemi i nā hanana o nā tics e ka hoʻomaha ʻana, ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i kahi hana haʻuki, ke pāʻani ʻana i kahi mea kani. Hiki ke kāohi ʻia nā tics i nā manawa pōkole loa akā i ke kumukūʻai o ka noʻonoʻo nui. Pau lākou i ka hoʻi hou ʻana ma hope.