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He nui nā monuments ma ka honua: kaulana a ʻike ʻole ʻia, e hōʻeuʻeu ana i ka noʻonoʻo me ko lākou monumentality a me nā mea liʻiliʻi, kahiko a me kēia manawa, classical a avant-garde. Akā i waena o lākou aia nā monuments maʻamau o ka honua, hiki ʻole ke poina. Ua ʻike ʻia ke ʻano o nā kiʻi ʻē aʻe, ʻakaʻaka a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i ka hopena o ke kenekulia XNUMX. A laila, ma nā ʻāina he nui, ʻaʻole nā kiʻi kiʻi kahiko a me nā hale i ʻike ʻia e nā mea a pau, akā ua hoʻomaka ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o nā monuments i hele ma mua o ka mea maʻamau.
10 Ka'ānela o ka'ākau
Aia ma Gateshead, ʻEnelani
ʻO kēia ka monument maʻamau a avant-garde ma UK. ʻO ke kiʻi kiʻi, e hōʻike ana i kahi ʻānela e hohola ana i kona mau ʻēheu, ua hana ʻia i ka makahiki 1998 e ka mea kākau kiʻi kiʻi ʻo Anthony Gormley, i ʻike ʻia no kāna hana kupaianaha ma waho o nā palena o ka ʻāina. ʻO kēia monument ka hōʻike nui loa o kahi ʻānela i hana ʻia e nā kānaka.
Hana ʻia me ke kila holoʻokoʻa, he kiʻi 20-mika me nā ʻēheu i hohola ʻia e hālāwai me nā makani āpau e hālāwai me nā mākaʻikaʻi ma kahi puʻu kokoke i ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Gateshead ma ka ʻākau o ʻEnelani. He 208 tona ke kaumaha o ka monument. ʻO ka hapa nui o ke kaumaha ma luna o ke kumu ʻiʻo e komo hohonu i ka lepo. Hiki i nā makani ma kēia ʻāpana o ka ʻāina ke hiki i 160 km / h a ʻo ke kumu o ke kiʻi e paʻa pono i ke kiʻi o kahi ʻānela no 100 mau makahiki.
ʻO ka mea kupanaha loa e pili ana i ka monument ʻo ia nā ʻēheu, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ia mea ua aneane like me nā ʻēheu o ka Boeing 747. ʻO ko lākou lōʻihi he 54 mika. Ma waho, ua like ka ʻānela o ka ʻĀkau me kahi cyborg, ʻaʻole he ʻelele mai ka lani mai. He mea ʻike ʻia i ka wā mua ua pane ʻole nā kānaka o Beretania i ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ka monument, akā i kēia manawa ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea maʻamau a hoihoi loa i ka ʻākau o ka ʻāina.
9. Na Charles La Trobe
ʻO ke kiʻi kiʻi a Charles La Trobe ma Melbourne, ʻo ia ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻokoʻa loa o kahi kanaka kaulana i ka honua.
He hiʻohiʻona maʻamau kēia o kahi monument i hana ʻia no ka hanohano o Charles La Trobe, ka Lutanela Kiaʻāina mua o Victoria. ʻAʻole mahalo ʻia kāna mau hana i kekahi manawa e ka poʻe o kēia wā. Ua hoʻoholo ʻo Sculptor Dennis Oppenheim e hoʻoponopono i kēia hemahema a hoʻomau i ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana iā La Trobe. He mea ʻokoʻa ke kia hoʻomanaʻo i kau ʻia ma luna o kona poʻo. E like me ka mea i hoʻolālā ʻia e ka mea kākau, ma kēia ala ʻo ia ka mea i hoʻohuli hou aku i ka manaʻo. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua kaulana a kaulana ka monument maʻamau "ma ke ʻano" ʻaʻole wale ma kona ʻāina hānau, ma Australia, akā ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.
8. Kii auwana
ʻO ka monument ʻokoʻa loa o ka honua, i hoʻolaʻa ʻia no ka mea hele, aia ma ke kahakai Mediterranean, ma ke kahakai o ke kai o Antibes. He kiʻi ʻewalu mika o ke kanaka e noho ana ma ka honua, e pūliki ana i kona mau kuli me kona mau lima, a e nānā pono ana i ke kai. Ua hana ʻia ke kia hoʻomanaʻo mai nā kaukani mau leka Latin metala a hana i kahi manaʻo o ka māmā a me ka maluhia.
Ua ʻike ʻia kēia monument maʻamau i ka makahiki 2007. ʻO ka mea kākau ka mea kālai ʻo Zhom Plans. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia e pili ana i kāna hana nui i hōʻailona ke kiʻi i ke kūʻokoʻa. No nā leka, ʻo ia ka ʻeke o ka ʻike, nā manaʻo a me nā pilikia e pili ana i ka "wanderer".
7. Themis Burocratic
Hiki i Denemaka ke kaena i ka monument ʻokoʻa a ʻano haʻalulu loa iā Themis, ʻaʻole ia he mea maʻamau, akā he ʻoihana. ʻO ka hui kiʻi kiʻi he ʻApelika ʻeleʻele, nāna i lawe i ke kiʻi portly o ke akua wahine ʻo Themis. E like me ka mea i hāpai ʻia e ka mea kākau, ʻo Jens Galshiot, hōʻailona ia i ka ʻoihana ʻenehana hou.
6. lāʻau kukui uila
ʻO ka lāʻau kukui uila, kahi ʻāina kaulana ʻo Lākana, ʻo ia kekahi o nā monuments maʻamau i ka honua. 75 mau kukui e hoʻonani i ka lāʻau 8 mika.
5. kukui-heluhelu
Aia kahi kia hoʻomanaʻo kupaianaha ma ke kūlanakauhale Kuekene ʻo Malmö. He kukui papaʻaina nui kēia e like me ka nui o ka hale ʻekolu papa (5,8 mika). I loko o ka makahiki "hele" ia ma nā alanui a me nā ʻāpana o ke kūlanakauhale, a ma mua o ka Kalikimaka ua hoʻokomo ʻia ma ke kikowaena waena. Hana ʻia ka wāwae o ke kukui ma ke ʻano o kahi noho a hiki i kēlā me kēia mea hele ke hoʻomaha ma lalo o ke kukui ʻoluʻolu o kahi kukui nui.
4. popoki ʻo Maryland
Hoʻolaʻa ʻia kahi helu nui o nā monuments ʻakaʻaka a hoihoi i nā holoholona. Aia ma Maryland kekahi o nā monument popoki ʻokoʻa loa o ka honua. ʻO ka ulu ʻana o ke kanaka, he pōpoki hoʻohiwahiwa e noho ana ma luna o kahi noho, e kau ana i kona wāwae ma kona kua a me he mea lā e kono ana i ka poʻe hele e noho ma hope ona.
3. Na Fairies o Robin White
Hana ʻo Robin White, he mea pena kiʻi Pelekāne, i nā kiʻi lewa ʻē aʻe o nā fairies fairy mai ke kila. ʻO ka mea mua, hana ka mea kākau i ke kiʻi o ka wā e hiki mai ana mai ka uea mānoanoa, a laila hana i ka "ʻiʻo" o ka fairy mai ka uea kila lahilahi. ʻO nā ʻēheu maikaʻi o nā mea ola ea he kaula kaulahao. I loko o kēlā me kēia kiʻi, kau ka mea pena i kahi pōhaku me kahi kahakaha - ka puʻuwai o kahi fairy.
Aia ka hapa nui o nā kiʻi kiʻi ma Trentham Gardens ma Staffordshire. Ua kauoha ʻia ka mea pena i nā fairies no nā hōʻiliʻili pilikino - e hoʻonani nā kiʻi nani i nā māla a i ʻole nā papa.
2. Ka poe hele
ʻO kēia kekahi o nā monuments maʻamau loa o ka honua. ʻOi aku ka pololei, ʻo ia kahi hoʻonohonoho o nā kiʻi kiʻi i hoʻohui ʻia i ka moʻo Travelers. ʻO kā lākou mea nāna i hana ʻo ia ka mea pena Farani ʻo Bruno Catalano. Ma muli o ke ʻano maʻamau, he inoa ʻē aʻe kēia mau monuments - "haehae". Hōʻike lākou a pau i ka poʻe huakaʻi me kahi ʻano like ʻole i ke ʻano o kahi ʻeke a ʻeke paha. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona o nā kiʻi kiʻi, ʻo ia nā lua i haehae ʻia i loko o ke kino, e hāʻawi iā lākou i kahi ʻano hoʻopunipuni a hoʻopunipuni. I ka huina, ua hana ka mea kākau ma kahi o hoʻokahi haneli kiʻi. Aia lākou ma nā kūlanakauhale nui a me nā kūlanakauhale liʻiliʻi, ma nā hōʻikeʻike honua, ma nā hale kūʻai kūʻai a me nā wahi āpau i kūpono i ke kaiapuni.
1. He hoailona no Rene de Chalon
ʻO ka wahi mua, ʻo ia ka monument ʻokoʻa loa o ka honua, pono e hāʻawi ʻia i ke kiʻi o ke Aliʻi o Orange, i hōʻeha ʻia i ka wā o ka hoʻopuni ʻana i ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Saint-Dizier i 1544. Ma mua o kona make ʻana, ua hāʻawi ʻo Rene de Chalon e hōʻike. e like me kona nānā ʻana i kekahi mau makahiki ma hope o kona make ʻana. Ua hookoia ka makemake o ke keikialii. Ua hōʻike ka mea kālai kiʻi ʻo Ligier Richet i ke akamai a me ka pololei i ka hana ʻana i kahi kiʻi e hōʻike ana i ke anatomy o ke kino hapalua decomposed me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo kupaianaha. Hoʻokomo ʻia ke kia hoʻomanaʻo iā Rene de Chalon ma kekahi o nā niches o ka luakini ʻo Bar-le-Duc a no kekahi mau kenekulia ua kāhāhā ka poʻe malihini me kona ʻano maoli.
He mamao loa ko mākou ʻāina ma ke ʻano o ka nui o nā monuments maʻamau. Loaʻa iā mākou kahi monument i ka hauʻoli, kahi kiʻi i hana ʻia i ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i ka leka "yo", ka mea liʻiliʻi a me ka liʻiliʻi i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke kākau ʻana, kahi monument i kahi noho, kahi ʻeke, enema a me kahi grater, kahi kukui kukui, kahi haumāna, a ka paipu, ka mea kaa a me ka mea ilihune. ʻO nā kiʻi moʻokalaleo a me nā kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi punahele i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ke kiʻi kiʻi: he pipi mai ke alanui Lizyukov, ka mea leka uila Pechkin, ka pōpoki Behemoth a me Koroviev.