ʻO ka ʻiʻo trapezius he ʻiʻo extrinsic ma ka poʻohiwi i komo i ka neʻe ʻana o ka scapula, a i ʻole ka ʻāʻī poʻohiwi.

wahi. ʻElua ma ka helu, uhi nā ʻiʻo trapezius i ka maka hope o ka ʻāʻī a me ka hapa hope o ke kumu, ma kēlā ʻaoʻao kēia ʻaoʻao o ka iwi kuamoʻo (1). Hoʻopili nā ʻiʻo Trapezius i ka iwi o nā lālā luna i ka iwi o ke kumu. He ʻāpana lākou o nā ʻiʻo thoraco-appendicular.

'ole. ʻO ka ʻiʻo trapezius he ʻiʻo iwi, ʻo ia hoʻi he ʻiʻo i hoʻonoho ʻia ma lalo o ka mana o ke kikowaena o ke kikowaena. Hana ʻia me nā ʻiʻo ʻiʻo i māhele ʻia i ʻekolu pūʻulu: luna, waena a me lalo (1).

Kinohi. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka ʻiʻo trapezius ma nā wahi like ʻole: ma ka hapakolu medial o ka laina nuchal kiʻekiʻe, ma ka protuberance occipital o waho, ma ka ligament nuchal, a ma nā kaʻina spinous mai ka cervical vertebra C7 a i ka vertebra thoracic T121.

Hoʻopau. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka ʻiʻo trapezius ma ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kolu o ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻāʻī, a me ka acromion a me ke kuamoʻo o ka scapula (scapula), nā ʻili iwi o ka ʻaoʻao o luna o ka scapula (1).

innervation. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka ʻiʻo trapezius:

• e ke aʻa kuamoʻo o ke aʻalolo kōkua, kuleana no nā mākau kaʻa;
• e nā aʻalolo cervical mai ka C3 a me C4 cervical vertebrae, kuleana no ka ʻike ʻeha a me ka proprioception (1).

Ka neʻe ʻana o ka scapula, or scapula. He mau hana kiko'ī ko nā ʻiʻo ʻiʻo like ʻole o ka ʻiʻo trapezius (1):

• hiki i nā ʻili o luna ke piʻi aʻe ka poʻohiwi.
• ʻo ka laula waena e ʻae i ka neʻe ʻana o ka scapula i hope.
• 
  hiki i nā lālā haʻahaʻa ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka scapula.

Hoʻohana pū nā ʻili o luna a me lalo no ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka ʻāʻī, a i ʻole ka ʻāʻī poʻohiwi.

ʻO ka ʻeha o ka ʻāʻī a me ka ʻeha hope, ka ʻeha ma ka ʻāʻī a me ke kua, hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i nā ʻiʻo trapezius.

ʻEha ʻeha me ka ʻeha ʻole. (3)

• ʻūhā. Ua like ia me ka ʻoki ʻana ʻole, ʻeha a me ka manawa pōkole o kahi ʻiʻo e like me ka ʻiʻo trapezius.
• ʻaelike. He ʻoki ʻoki ʻole, ʻeha a mau loa ia o ka ʻiʻo e like me ka ʻiʻo trapezius.

ʻAha ʻeha. (3) Hiki i ka ʻiʻo trapezius ke ʻeha i ka ʻiʻo, me ka ʻeha.

• Elongation. ʻO ka pae mua o ka hōʻino ʻana o nā mākala, kūlike ka elongation i ka ʻālō ʻana o ka mākala ma muli o ka microtear a me ka hopena i ka hoʻoneoneo ʻana o nā mākala.
• Wāwahi. ʻO ka papa ʻelua o ka hōʻino ʻana o nā mākala, pili ka haki i ka haki o nā olonā i nāʻiʻo.
• Rupture. ʻO ke kaʻina hope loa o ka hōʻino ʻana i nā mākala, kūlike ia i ka haki ʻana o kahi mākala.

ʻO Tendinopathies. Hoʻonohonoho lākou i nā maʻi āpau e hiki ke hana i nā tendons e like me nā mea e pili ana i ka ʻiʻo trapezius (2). Hiki ke ʻokoʻa nā kumu o kēia mau pathologies. Hiki i ke kumu ke intrinsic a me nā genetic predispositions, e like me extrinsic, me ka laʻana nā kūlana maikaʻi ʻole i ka wā o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa haʻuki.

• Tendinitis: He pehu ia o nā uaua.

Hoʻopiʻi. ʻO kēia pathology ma muli o nā deformations a i ʻole nā ​​waimaka i loko o nā ligaments a i ʻole nā ​​​​ʻiʻo, aia ma ka vertebrae cervical.

Nā hōʻailona lapaʻau. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka pathology diagnose, kekahi mau lāʻau e kauoha ʻia e hōʻemi i ka ʻeha a me ka mumū.

ʻO keʻano maʻamau. Ma muli o ke ʻano o ka pathology i ʻike ʻia a me kāna papa, pono paha ke ʻoki.

Lapaʻau kino. Hiki ke kuhikuhi ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau kino, ma o nā papahana hoʻoikaika kino, e like me ka physiotherapy a i ʻole physiotherapy.

Ke kaulike. ʻO ka mea mua, hana ʻia kahi hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua i mea e ʻike ai a loiloi ai i nā ʻōuli i ʻike ʻia e ka mea maʻi.

ʻO nā hoʻokolohua kiʻi olakino. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua X-ray, CT, a i ʻole MRI e hōʻoia a hohonu paha i kahi hōʻailona.

Hoʻokumu nā ʻiʻo trapezius ʻākau a hema i kahi trapezius, no laila ko lākou inoa (1).