Katrans, katranovye - he ʻohana nui o nā manō liʻiliʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻelua genera a me 70 mau ʻano. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ana ma mua o 2 m, ʻoiai ka nui o nā ʻano o katranovyh e ulu a hiki i 60-90 cm. He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo i ka hui holoʻokoʻa o katranovidnye (spiny sharks) e hui pū i 22 genera a me 112 mau ʻano. Hoʻolaha nui ʻia. ʻO ko lākou wahi noho ka wai anuanu a me ke anuanu o ka Moana Honua ma ka ʻĀkau a me ka Hema. Ua ʻike nui ʻia ʻo Katrans i waena o nā poʻe Lūkia i ka lawaiʻa kai, no ka mea, ʻo ka manō spiny maʻamau a kikoʻī paha (katran), e noho ana i ke kai e holoi ana i ka ʻāina ʻo Rūsia, no ka ʻohana hoʻokahi. He iʻa liʻiliʻi kēia a hiki i ka 1 m, ʻoiai i kekahi manawa aia kekahi poʻe kokoke i 2 m ka lōʻihi a hiki i ka 14 kg ke kaumaha. He kino elongated kona ano. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano o waho ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi spike prickly ma ke kumu o nā hope hope. ʻO ka hapa nui e alakaʻi i ke ola puaʻa. He ʻokoʻa ka ʻai o ka manō. ʻO ka meaʻai nui o ka katrans he mau ʻano iʻa liʻiliʻi like ʻole, e like me ka herring, sardines, a me nā mea hou aku. Akā, hāʻawi ʻia i ke ʻano o ka nohona o lalo, aia ka papa kuhikuhi i nā crustaceans, nā ilo, nā mollusks a me nā mea hou aku. ʻIke ʻia nā hihia o ka neʻe lōʻihi o nā manō spiny, akā ua manaʻo ʻia aia ka wahi noho nui ma ke kahakai i ka hohonu a hiki i 200 m. ʻO ka katran o kēia ʻano ka mea nui loa i waena o ka ʻohana. ʻAʻole ʻike nui ʻia nā iʻa ʻē aʻe a he kakaikahi ka nui. ʻO kekahi ʻano maʻamau ʻē aʻe ʻo ia ka manō liʻiliʻi spiny, hiki ke loaʻa ma nā wai ʻāina o Rūsia. Noho kekahi mau ʻano katran ma kahi hohonu. Ma waena o kēia mau mea: manō ʻeleʻele, manō Pukiki. Hiki i ka hohonu o ka noho ʻana o ia mau ʻano ke hiki i 2700 m. He mea kaulana loa ʻo Katrans no ka lawaiʻa leʻaleʻa. ʻOiai ke manaʻo nei ka poʻe lawaiʻa he ʻano ʻino kēia manō, no ka mea, hoʻopau pinepine lākou i ka ʻupena a ʻai i ka iʻa. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka iʻa e ka ʻiʻo ʻono, ʻaʻohe iwi me ka ʻala ʻole, e like me nā ʻano manō ʻē aʻe.
Nā ʻano lawaiʻa
Loaʻa ʻia ʻo Katran ma ke ʻano he bycatch. ʻAʻole pono kēia i nā mea hana kūikawā, e like me ke kānāwai, maʻalahi lākou, a ʻo ka hiʻohiʻona nui ka ikaika. No ka hopu ʻana i kahi katran, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā mea wili, nā pae, nā donks a me nā mea hou aku. No nā poʻe lawaiʻa he nui ma ke kahakai ʻo Black Sea, he hana hoihoi ka lawaiʻa katran, no ka mea, he iʻa ola me ka ʻiʻo ʻono a palupalu. He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo ma aneʻi ʻo ka māhele māhele o uXNUMXbuXNUMXbthe katran, i ke kai e holoi ana iā Rūsia, ʻaʻole i pau me ke Kai ʻEleʻele. I ka wā e holo ana i ka waʻa kokoke i ke Kola Peninsula a ma ka Hikina Hikina, hiki loa ke hālāwai me nā ʻohana o kēia manō liʻiliʻi, e ʻimi nei i nā pūʻu herring a me nā iʻa liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe. Loaʻa ka manō mai ke kahakai a mai nā waʻa like ʻole. Ma ke kai, huli pinepine ʻia ke katrana e nā ʻohana gull e hele pū ana me nā kula iʻa liʻiliʻi. I ka nui loa, hopu ʻia kēia iʻa ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā maunu maoli. Ma muli o ka makemake pinepine o ka manō i ka nohona o lalo, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano mea like ʻole o lalo, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lawaiʻa ʻana mai ke kahakai. I ka pō a me ka pō, hele pinepine ka katran i kahakai e ʻimi i ka meaʻai, pinepine ma nā wahi hana kanaka.
Ka lawaiʻa ma ka wili
Nui nā poʻe amateurs e hopu i ka katran me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā rig wili. Ke manaʻo nei kekahi poʻe lawaiʻa he ʻano "marine grade" nā koʻokoʻo wili. ʻO nā koi nui o ke koʻokoʻo ʻo ia ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka mana kūpono, akā ʻōlelo ʻia ka hana e wikiwiki wikiwiki a kokoke paha i ka parabolic. ʻO kēia ma muli o ka hana ʻana o ka iʻa, ʻoi loa ma ka pae mua o ka pāʻani ʻana, e hana ʻoi aku ka ʻoi, hiki ke alakaʻi i ka nalowale o nā mea hana. No ka lawaiʻa katran, ua kūpono nā koʻokoʻo i hoʻolako ʻia me nā pahu hoʻonui a me nā huila non-inertial. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lawaiʻa ʻana o Catran ma ka milo moana ma o ka lure vertical a me ka jigging. I nā hihia a pau, me ka lawaiʻa ʻia ma kahi katran, pono ia e hoʻohana i nā leashes i hana ʻia i nā mea paʻa. Ma ka maʻalahi loa, hiki ke lilo i monofilament mānoanoa, fluorocarbon, a pēlā aku. ʻO ka lawaiʻa kai, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻaʻole koi i nā rigs maʻalahi, a i ke ʻano o kahi katran, mai poina he mano kēia, ʻoiai he liʻiliʻi. I ka hakakā ʻana, pono e makaʻu ʻole i nā niho e like me ka ʻoi o ka ʻoi o ka ʻili. I ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lures artificial, hiki ke lawaiʻa me nā ʻano kuʻuna o ka "casting", a me ka "track" a i ʻole "trolling". I ka wā e nahu ai, pono e hana i kahi ʻoki ʻoi, me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hohonu, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā neʻe. Loaʻa ka lawaiʻa ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no ka wili ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻāpana ʻiʻo iʻa, pūpū a me nā mea ʻē aʻe ma ka maunu.
Maunu
E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo mua ʻia, ʻo ka lawaiʻa kūleʻa maikaʻi loa no ka katrans e hana ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā maunu kūlohelohe. Ma ke Kai ʻEleʻele, hopu ka poʻe lawaiʻa i ka katrans me nā ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe, no laila hoʻohana lākou i nā maunu kuʻuna no ka lawaiʻa ʻana, e like me ke ʻoki ʻana i ka iʻa, ka iʻa, nā ilo kai, nā iʻa ʻōpio, a me nā mea hou aku. I ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā snap-ins no ka wili kū pololei, hiki ke hoʻohana i nā wili nui a me nā mea liʻiliʻi me nā sinkers hou aʻe, no ka laʻana, i ka mana "sliding". I ka lawaiʻa ʻana ma ka trolling, makemake ʻia e hoʻohana hou aku i nā lures holo.
Nā wahi lawaiʻa a me nā wahi noho
E like me ka mea i haʻi mua ʻia, ua hōʻike nui ʻia ka katrans i ka moana. Ma ke ʻano maʻamau, ʻaʻole lākou i ka equatorial, subequatorial a me nā wahi kiʻekiʻe o ka Arctic a me Antarctic. Ma ka ʻĀkau-komohana, ma nā wai ʻāina o Rūsia, ʻike ʻia ka katran ma nā ʻāpana Murmansk a me Arkhangelsk (Barents a me White Seas). Maanei ua kapa ʻia ʻo nokotnitsa a i ʻole marigold. ʻO ka lawaiʻa kaulana loa no ke katrana ma ke Kai ʻEleʻele. I ka manawa like, ma ka Hikina Hikina, hiki ke hopu ʻia ka katran i loko o nā wai o nā kai āpau e pili ana i ka ʻāina ʻo Rūsia, mai ke Kai Bering a ma ka hema. He mea kaulana loa ka lawaiʻa ʻana i katrans ma nā ʻāina o ka Hikina a me Asia Hema. ʻAʻole i emi iki ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka katrans ma ʻEulopa a me ʻEulopa. Ma ka mākeke ʻEulopa, hiki i ka iʻa ma lalo o ka inoa "sea eel".
ʻOhana
He ovoviviparous nā katrans a pau. Hāpai nā wahine Katran i nā hua i loko o ka utero 13-15 hua. He haʻahaʻa loa ka momona, pinepine hoʻokahi keiki i hānau ʻia i nā wahine. I kekahi mau ʻano, hiki ke hāpai ʻia ma kahi o 2 mau makahiki. ʻO ka nui o nā iʻa hānau hou ma kahi o 20-25 cm.