ʻO ka ʻōpū (mai ka ʻōpū Latin), he ʻokena puha no ka ʻōnaehana hānau wahine a manaʻo ʻia e hoʻokipa a hoʻoikaika i ka ulu ʻana o ka hua manu.

Location. Aia ka ʻōpū i loko o ke pelvis ma hope o ka ʻōpū, a ma mua o ka rectum. Aia ka ʻōpū ma ke ʻano o kahi pyramid hoʻohuli. Ma kona ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe, hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻōpū ʻelua, a i ʻole nā ​​​​pahu fallopian, ma kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao. Hāmama kona ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa ma luna o ka ʻōpū. (1)

'ole. ʻO ka ʻōpū he ʻōpū puha me nā paia mānoanoa, ʻoi aku ka ʻiʻo. Aia ʻelua ʻāpana (1) (2):

• ʻO ke kino o ka ʻōpū ka hapa nui loa. Aia ia mai ka lalo o ka ʻōpū, ka ʻaoʻao poʻe o luna kahi i hoʻokomo ʻia ai nā ʻōpū fallopian, a hiki i ka haʻikiʻi ʻana i ka hui ma waena o ke kino a me ka ʻōpū, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka isthmus o ka ʻōpū.
• ʻO ka cervix ka ʻāpana haiki i hana ʻia i ʻelua ʻāpana:

  – ʻO ka endocervix, a i ʻole endocervical canal, ʻo ia ka ʻāpana o loko o ka ʻōpū e hoʻomaka ana mai ka ʻāʻī a hoʻomau a hiki i ka wehe ʻana i loko o ka ʻōpū.

  – ʻO ka exocervix, pili i ka ʻaoʻao o waho o ka pūpū a aia ma ka ʻaoʻao o luna o ka ʻōpū.

Wall. ʻO ka paia o ka ʻōpū he ʻekolu papa (3):

• ʻO ka perimetrium e pili ana i ka papa waho e hoʻopuni ana i ke kino a me kahi hapa o ka pūpū.
• ʻO ka myometrium ka papa waena i hana ʻia me nā ʻiʻo maʻemaʻe
• ʻO ka endometrium ka papa i loko e hoʻopaʻa ana i ka ʻōpū a loaʻa iā ia nā ʻāpana glandular.

Support. Kākoʻo nā ligament ʻokoʻa i ka ʻōpū, ʻo ia hoʻi nā ligaments uterosacral, a i ʻole nā ​​ligaments poepoe o ka ʻōpū. (1)

Ke kuleana i ka wā hāpai. ʻO ka ʻōpū i manaʻo nui ʻia e hoʻokipa i ka embryo. I ka wā o ka fertilization o ka hua, e hoʻokomo ka hope iā ia iho i loko o ka endometrium ma ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kino o ka ʻōpū.

Pōʻai haehae. ʻO ia ka hoʻonohonoho o nā hoʻololi ʻana o nā mea hana maʻamau wahine i hiki ke loaʻa i kahi hua manu fertilized. I ka loaʻa ʻole o ka fertilization, hoʻopau ʻia ka endometrium, ka uhi o ke kino o ka ʻōpū, a hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma loko o ka pūpū a laila ma ka ʻōpū. Pili kēia ʻano me nā wā menstrual.

ʻO ka maʻi maʻi ʻāʻī. ʻO Dysplasias nā maʻi precancerous. Hoʻoulu pinepine lākou ma kahi hui ma waena o ka pūpū a me ke kino o ka ʻōpū. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻonui i kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao o ka ectocervix a me ka endocervix.

Maʻi papillomavirus kanaka. ʻO ka maʻi papilloma kanaka (HPV) he maʻi maʻi i lawe ʻia e ka wahine. Hiki mai ia ma nā ʻano like ʻole: hiki i kekahi ke hoʻoulu i nā ʻeha maikaʻi i loko o ka pūpū aʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe e kōkua i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻeha precancerous. I ka hihia hope, ua ʻōlelo ʻia ka papillomavirus kanaka he oncogenic a i ʻole "ma kahi kiʻekiʻe" (4).

ʻO nā kūpuna Benign. Hiki ke ulu ka ma'i ma'i ma'i (non-cancerous) (3).

• ʻUterine fibroids. Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia maʻi maʻi mai nā ʻiʻo ʻiʻo, ʻo ka mea nui o ka pā muscular o ka ʻōpū.
• Endometriosis. Pili kēia pathology i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻiʻo endometrial ma waho o ka ʻōpū.

Ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻōpū. Hiki ke ulu nā ʻano maʻi maʻi like ʻole i loko o ka ʻōpū.

• ʻO ka maʻi maʻi endometrial. Ke ulu nei kēia maʻi 'aʻai i loko o nā pūnaewele endometrial o ke kino ʻōpū. Hōʻike ia i ka hapa nui o nā hihia maʻi maʻi uterine.
• Hiki i ka ma'i 'a'ai ma'i 'a'ai ma'i 'o ka ma'i 'a'ai ma'i ke ulu a'e nā ma'i ma'i ma'i ma'i.

Lapaʻau ʻoki kino. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka pathology a me kona holomua, hiki ke hana i kahi hana ʻoki e like me ka hemo ʻana o kahi ʻaoʻao o ka kōpū (conization).

ʻO Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hoʻomōhala hoʻomōhala. Hiki i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai ke ʻano o ka chemotherapy, radiotherapy a i ʻole mālama lapaʻau ʻia.

Nānā kino. ʻO ka mua, hanaʻia kahi hoʻokolohua kino e nānā i nā hōʻailona a me nāʻano o kaʻeha.

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻokolohua kiʻi lāʻau Pelvic ultrasound, CT scan, a i ʻole MRI no ka hōʻoia ʻana i kahi maʻi ma ka ʻōpū.

Hysterography. Hiki i kēia hoʻokolohua ke nānā i ka lua o ka ʻōpū.

Colposcopy: Hiki i kēia ho'āʻo iā ʻoe ke nānā i nā paia o ka pūpū.5

Biopsy: Hana ʻia ma lalo o ka colposcopy, loaʻa iā ia kahi hāpana kiko.

Pap smear: Aia kēia me kahi laʻana o nā cell mai ka pae kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻōpū, ectocervix a me endocervix.

Hōʻike hōʻike HPV. Hana ʻia kēia hōʻike e kānana no ka papillomavirus kanaka.

Mai ka makahiki 2006, ua loaʻa kahi kano no ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi ma muli o ka papillomavirus kanaka. Ua hiki i kēia holomua olakino ma muli o ka hana a ka virologist Harald zur Hausen, Nobel Prize winner in medicine in 20086 Ma hope o 10 mau makahiki o ka noiʻi ʻana, ua kūleʻa ʻo ia i ka hōʻike ʻana i ka pilina ma waena o nā maʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka papillomavirus kanaka a me ka hanana Ka ma'i 'a'ai.