ʻO ka ureter (mai ka Greek urêtêr) kahi ala i loko o ka mimi e lawe ana i ka mimi mai nā puʻupaʻa i ka pūpū.

wahi. Aia he ʻelua mau ureter. Hoʻomaka kēlā me kēia ureter mai ke pelvis, kahi ʻāpana o ka puʻupaʻa e hōʻiliʻili ana i ka mimi, iho i lalo ma ka lumbar wahi ma mua o ka hoʻopau ʻana i kā lākou huakaʻi ma ka hoʻokomo ʻana i loko o ka paia o ka ʻaoʻao posterior o ka bladder (1).

'ole. ʻO ka ureter kahi kaula i ana ma waena o 25 a 30 cm ka lōʻihi, me ke anawaena mai ka 1 a 10 mm, a ke hōʻike nei ʻekolu mau ʻāpana o nā koʻikoʻi (2). Muscular a me lahilahi, hana ʻia kona paia i ʻekolu papa (3):

• ʻO ka detrusor ʻo ia ka papa o waho i hana ʻia e nā ʻola puʻupuʻu lahilahi
• ʻO ka lamina propria ʻo ia ka papa waena o nā mea hoʻopili e pili ana i nā aʻa a me nā kīʻaha koko.
• ʻO ka urothelium ʻo ia ka papa o loko o ka membrane mucous i hana ʻia i nā pūnaewele urothelial.

Ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka ʻōpala metabolic. ʻO ka hana a nā ureters ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā mea ʻōpala i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ka mimi, e lawe ana mai ka pelvis o nā puʻupaʻa i ka ʻōpū ma mua o kona hoʻopau ʻia (2).

Lithiasis mimi. Kūlike kēia pathology i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā pōhaku, nā concretions i hana ʻia o nā paʻakai mineral, i ka pae o nā ureter. E alakaʻi kēia mau helu i kahi ālai ʻana o ke duct. Hiki ke hōʻike ʻia kēia pathology e ka ʻeha nui i kapa ʻia ʻo colic renal. (4)

Nā hana hewa Ureter. Nui a hewahewa nā hoʻolālā e hiki ke hoʻopili i ka ureter. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻo ka hemahema i loko o ka vesico-uteric reflux ka mea i hoʻokumu ʻia e kahi ʻāpana pōkole loa o ka ureter ma ka pae o ka maʻi ʻaʻai, a hiki i nā maʻi ke hōʻeha (5).

Maʻi ʻaʻai Ureteral. Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia nā hunaola o ka ureter e nā ʻōpū benign (non-cancerous) a i ʻole nā ​​hikoko malignant (cancerous). Hoʻohui nui ʻia ka hope i ka carotoma urothelial, nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai mai loko mai o ka urothelium (3). Aia pū kēia ʻano maʻi ʻaʻai i nā hihia o ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

Lapaʻau ola. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka maʻi maʻi i kuhikuhi ʻia, hiki ke kuhikuhi ʻia nā lāʻau ʻokoʻa e like me antibiotics a i ʻole nā ​​painkillers.

Lapaʻau ʻoki kino. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka pathology diagnose, ʻoki hiki ke hana. I ke kumu o ka maʻi ʻaʻai ureteric, hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia nā hana like ʻole e pili ana i ke kahua a me ka ulu ʻana o ka tumo: ka hoʻoneʻe ʻia ʻana o ka tumo e ke kahakaha endoscopic, ka hoʻoiho hapa ʻana e ka resection segmental a i ʻole ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka ureter e ka nephro-ureterectomy radical (3).

Chemotherapy, radiotherapy. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ke kahua o ka tumo, chemotherapy a i ʻole radiotherapy kau paha. (6)

Ninaninau cytobacteriological mimi (ECBU). I nā maʻi ureteric, hiki ke hana i kēia hoʻokolohua e ʻike ai i nā koʻohune i loaʻa i ka mimi a me ko lākou ʻike i nā antibiotic. Lawe ʻia kēia hoʻokolokolo ma kahi o ka cystitis paʻakikī.

ʻO nā hoʻokolohua kiʻi olakino. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua kiʻi ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa e kālailai i ka ʻai: ultrasound, urography intravenous, retrograde cystography a i ʻole uroscanner.

Ureteroscopy.Hana ʻia kēia hoʻokolohua endoscopic e kālailai i nā paia o nā ureter. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ia e mālama pono i nā pōhaku urinary i ka hanana o nā lith urinary.

Cytology mimi. Hiki i kēia hoʻāʻo ke ʻike i ke alo o nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai i ka mimi.

ʻO ka pilina mai ʻAigupita kahiko a hana ʻia a hiki i ka kenekulia 7, he hana lapaʻau paionia ka uroscopy i ka urology. Ua hoʻololi ʻia i kēia mau lā e nā pēpē mimi, ʻo ka uroscopy kahi o ka nānā ʻike ʻana o ka mimi i mea e ʻike ai i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kekahi mau pathologies (XNUMX).