Kūleʻa nā maʻi maʻi a me nā maʻi lele loa. Hoʻokomo lākou i nā ʻano ʻano nui like ʻole. ʻO nā laʻana o nā maʻi viral ka nasopharyngitis, ka hapa nui o nā tonsillitis a me ka maʻi flu.

ʻO ka virosis kahi maʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka maʻi. ʻO nā Virus nā meaola ultra-microscopic i hana ʻia i nā mea kūpuna (RNA a i ʻole DNA nucleic acid) i hoʻopuni ʻia e kahi capsid i hana ʻia me nā protein a i kekahi manawa he envelope. ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke hānai a hoʻonui iā lākou iho ma ka hoʻokaʻawale (ʻoiai ʻo ka bacteria he microscopic hoʻokahi mea ola olaola i hiki ke hānai a hoʻonui).

Pono nā virus i kahi pūnaewele hoʻokipa e ola a hoʻomohala. ʻO nā maʻi maʻi Pathogenic nā virus i hiki ke hana i nā maʻi me nā ʻōuli.

ʻAʻole hiki i nā virus ke hoʻopili i nā ʻano keena āpau. He kikoʻī a kikoʻī ākea paha ko kēlā me kēia virus i ho'ākāka ʻia e kahi tropism. Aia nā virus me ka hanu, digestive, genital, hepatic a me neurological tropism. Eia nō naʻe, loaʻa i kekahi mau virus kekahi mau tropism.

Nā laʻana o nā ʻōnaehana māka no nā virus ʻokoʻa:

• ʻŌnaehana ʻōnaehana waena: herpes simplex virus (HSV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), enterovirus, measles, mumps, rabies, arbovirus;
• Maka: measles, rubella, HSV, varicella zoster virus (VZV), CMV;
• Oropharynx a me nā alaloa kiʻekiʻe: rhinovirus, influenza, adenovirus, coronavirus, parainfluenza virus, HSV, CMV;
• ʻAoʻao hanu haʻahaʻa: influenza, measles, adenovirus, CMV;
• ʻĀpana ʻōpū: enterovirus, adenovirus, rotavirus; 
• ʻO ke akepaʻa: he maʻi hepatitis A, B, C, D a me E.
• Nā genital: papillomavirus, HSV;
• ʻO ka pūpū: adenovirus 11;
• ʻIli: VZV, poxvirus, papillomavirus, HSV.

Hoola nā maʻi viral koʻikoʻi (ka mea maʻamau) i loko o kekahi mau lā a i kekahi mau pule. ʻO kekahi mau mea ʻino, e like me ka maʻi hepitis B a me ka maʻi hepitis C, hiki ke hoʻomau e like me nā maʻi mau (ʻike mau ʻia o ka maʻi. Ke hoʻomau nei nā virus o ka ʻohana Herpesviridae (HSV, VZV, CMV, EBV) i loko o kahi ʻano latent ola i loko o ka meaola (ka ʻole o ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o nā virus) a no laila hiki ke hoʻouluulu hou (hana hou o nā mea viral) i kahi hanana nui. luhi, stress a i ʻole immunosuppression (mea hoʻoliʻiliʻi organ, maʻi maʻi HIV a maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai paha).

ʻO Bronchiolitis

I Palani, i kēlā me kēia makahiki, 500 mau pēpē (ie 000% o ka heluna pēpē) e hoʻopili ʻia e ka bronchiolitis. ʻO Bronchiolitis kahi maʻi maʻi ahulau ākea e kū nui i nā keiki ma lalo o ʻelua mau makahiki.

Kūlike ia i kahi mumū o nā bronchioles, nā kahawai hanu liʻiliʻi o nā akemāmā. Hele pū ʻia kā lākou ālai me ke ʻano huʻihuʻi ʻano ʻino i loaʻa i ka wā o ka hanu ʻana i kapa ʻia he wheezing. Hana ʻia ʻo Bronchiolitis mai ʻOkakopa a ʻApelila. He hoʻokahi pule paha ka lōʻihi, e mau iki paha ka ʻū. Ma mua o 70% o nā hihia, ʻo ka maʻi virus ʻo RSV, Respiratory Syncytial Virus.

He maʻi lele loa ia. Hoʻolahalaha ʻia ia mai ke pēpē a i ke pēpē a i ʻole nā ​​mākua a i nā pēpē ma o nā lima, kuha, ʻū, uha a me nā mea haumia. Hāʻawi ka maʻi RSV i ʻelua mau pōpilikia komplication: ka makaʻu nui o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi ʻano koʻikoʻi o ka maʻi e koi ana i ka haukapila a me ka hopena lōʻihi o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka "hyperresponsiveness post-viral bronchial". Hōʻike ʻia kēia e nā paukū hou me ke kuʻi i ka hanu ʻana.

'Oluʻi

ʻO Influenza kahi maʻi viral i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka maʻi Influenza, i komo pū me ʻekolu mau ʻano: A, B a me C. ʻO nā ʻano A a me B wale nō e hiki ke hāʻawi i nā ʻano maʻi koʻikoʻi.

Aia ka maʻi palū ma ke ʻano o nā maʻi ākea ma ka ʻāina nui ʻo Palani. 2 a 6 miliona mau kānaka e luhi ʻia i ka maʻi flu i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Kū pinepine ka maʻi wī wī ma waena o nā mahina o Nowemapa a me ʻApelila. Loaʻa ka awelika o 9 mau wiki.

Hiki i ka Influenza ke hana i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi i ka poʻe i ka makaʻu (ka poʻe ʻelemākule a i ʻole nā ​​kumuhana nāwaliwali e kahi pathology maʻi mau. ʻO ke kumu o ka maʻi palū kau ma kahi o 10 mau make i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma Palani.

He maʻi lele nā ​​maʻi virus. Hoʻouna ʻia nā virus e: 

• Saliva: CMV a me Epstein Barr virus (EBV);
• Nā huna hanu i ka wā o ka puʻe a i ʻole ka hiʻu ʻana: nā maʻi hanu (rhinovirus, maʻi virus influenza, RSV), ʻeha, VZV;
• ʻO ka ʻili e ke ala transcutaneous, e kahi nahu, kahi nahu a i ʻole ma o kahi ʻeha: ʻo ka virus rabies, HSV, VZV;
• Nā noho: ma o ka ʻai a lima paha i hoʻohaumia ʻia e ka noho (faecal-oral transmission). Nui nā virus digestive i loko o ka pahu (adenovirus, rotavirus, coxsackievirus, poliovirus, coronavirus, enterovirus);
• Nā mea i hoʻohaumia ʻia (ka hoʻoili lima): Influenzae virus, coronavirus;
• Mimi: mumps, CMV, ʻeha;
• Ka waiū umauma: HIV, HTLV, CMV;
• ʻO nā makana koko a me nā ʻokena: HIV, maʻi virus hepatitis B (HBV), maʻi virus hepatitis C (HCV), CMV…;
• Nā mea huna kolohe: HSV 1 a me HSV 2, CMV, HBV, HIV;

ʻO kahi vector: lawe ʻia ka maʻi ma kahi nahu mai kahi holoholona i pā ʻia (yellow fever, fever dengue, Japanese encephalitis, West Nile virus encephalitis a me nā arboviruse ʻē aʻe).

Nui nā maʻi viral koʻikoʻi he asymptomat (ʻaʻohe hōʻailona) a i ʻole me nā ʻōuli maʻamau e like me ke kuni, ka luhi, a me ke kū ʻana o nā lymph node. ʻO kēia ka hihia, no ka laʻana, me rubella, CMV a i ʻole EBV.

Pili nā ʻōuli o nā maʻi viral i ka mea maʻi i loaʻa i ka maʻi. Hāpai pū kekahi nā maʻi viral he nui i nā ʻōuli o ka ʻili (macules, papules, vesicle, ʻōhū o ka ʻili (ʻulaʻula): ʻo kēia ke ʻano no kahi laʻana o HSV, VZV, rubella ma kahi laʻana. ʻIke ʻia ka maʻi diarrhea, nausea a me ka luaʻi i ka wā o nā maʻi me nā virus gastroenteritis.

ʻO ka maʻi palū, no ka laʻana, hōʻike ʻia e ke kuni kiʻekiʻe, ka haʻalulu, ka ʻū ʻana, ka ʻū, ka ihu ihu, ka luhi nui, ʻehaʻeha o ke kino, ʻeha ke poʻo. Hōʻailona ka Nasopharyngitis (ke anu) e ke kuni, ka ihu ihu, nā huna ihu, kahe.

ʻAʻole hiki ke mālama ʻia nā maʻi Viral me nā lāʻau antibiotic. ʻO nā pilikia koʻohune wale nō o nā maʻi viral e koi ai i nā antibiotic. Mālama ʻia nā virus no nā ʻōuli (fever, pain, batukū) me nā antipyretics a i ʻole nā ​​painkillers, a i ʻole nā ​​lāʻau no nā ʻōuli kikoʻī: anti-emetics inā he luaʻi, hoʻoluʻolu a hoʻoluʻu paha i nā kalima a, i kekahi manawa, antihistamine waha no ka ʻili i hoʻokumu ʻia e kekahi ʻili ʻili.

Hāʻawi ʻia nā lāʻau Antiviral i nā hihia koʻikoʻi o ka maʻi palū, e mālama i ka maʻi HIV, hepatitis B a C paha, a i ʻole kekahi mau herpesviruses.