Le vitiligo he maʻi ʻili i ʻike ʻia e ke ʻano o kiko keʻokeʻo ma nā wāwae, nā lima, ka maka, nā lehelehe a i ʻole kekahi ʻāpana o ke kino. ʻO kēia mau kiko ma muli o ka "depigmentation", ʻo ia hoʻi ka nalowale o nā melanocytes, nā pūnaewele kuleana no ke kala o ka ʻili (ʻMaikaʻi a ).

ʻO ka depigmentation hiki ke nui a emiʻole ka mea nui, a me nā kiko keʻokeʻo, o nāʻano likeʻole. I kekahi mau hihia, he keʻokeʻo ka lauoho a i ʻole ka lauoho e ulu ana i loko o nā wahi depigmented. ʻAʻole lele a ʻeha ʻole ka Vitiligo, akā hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka pilikia noʻonoʻo nui.

ʻO ke kuhikuhina

Le vitiligo pili ma kahi o 1% a 2% o ka heluna kanaka. ʻIke pinepine ia ma kahi o 10 a 30 mau makahiki (ʻo ka hapalua o ka poʻe i hoʻopilikia ʻia ma mua o ka makahiki 20). No laila, he kakaikahi ka Vitiligo i nā keiki. Hoʻopilikia ia i nā kāne a me nā wahine, a loaʻa ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, ma nā ʻano ʻili āpau.

ʻO nā ʻano vitiligo

Nui nā ʻano vitiligo²¹ :

• le ʻāpana vitiligo, aia ma ka ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi wale nō o ke kino, no ka laʻana ma kahi o ka maka, ke kino luna, ka wāwae a i ʻole ka lima. ʻIke pinepine ʻia kēia ʻano vitiligo i nā keiki a i ʻole nā ​​ʻōpio. ʻO ka wahi depigmented e pili ana i kahi "innervation territory", ʻo ia hoʻi kahi ʻāpana o ka ʻili i hoʻopili ʻia e kekahi aʻalolo. ʻIke koke ʻia kēia ʻano i loko o kekahi mau mahina, a laila pau ka ulu ʻana;
• le vitiligo laulā ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano o nā kiko i ʻoi aʻe a liʻiliʻi paha ke ʻano like ʻole, e pili ana i nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ke kino, ma nā wahi kikoʻī o ka paʻi pinepine a i ʻole ke kaomi. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo "generalized" ʻaʻole ia he mea nui nā kiko. ʻAʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka papa, hiki i nā kiko ke noho liʻiliʻi a hoʻopaʻa ʻia a pālahalaha koke paha;
• le vitiligo, rarer, laha wikiwiki a hiki ke pili i ke kino holo'oko'a.

Nā kumu

ʻAʻole ʻike maopopo ʻia nā kumu o ka vitiligo. Eia nō naʻe, ʻike mākou ʻo ke ʻano o nā kiko keʻokeʻo ma muli o ka luku ʻana o nā melanocytes, kēia mau ʻili ʻili e hoʻopuka ai i ka melanin. Ke luku ʻia nā melanocytes, huli keʻokeʻo ka ʻili. Ua holomua kekahi mau kuhiakau e wehewehe i ka luku ʻana o nā melanocytes²³. ʻO Vitiligo paha kahi maʻi i loaʻa nā kumu genetic, kūlohelohe a me autoimmune.

• Kuhiakau autoimmune

ʻO Vitiligo kahi maʻi me kahi mea autoimmune ikaika. ʻO kēia ke kumu no ka hana ʻana o ka poʻe me ka vitiligo i nā antibodies kūlohelohe e hoʻouka pololei i nā melanocytes a kōkua e luku iā lākou. Eia kekahi, pili pinepine ka vitiligo me nā maʻi autoimmune ʻē aʻe, e like me nā maʻi thyroid, e hōʻike ana i ke ola o nā ʻano hana maʻamau.

• Kuhiakau genetic

Hoʻopili pū ʻia ʻo Vitiligo i nā kumu genetic, ʻaʻole i ʻike maopopo ʻia nā mea āpau²². He mea maʻamau ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi vitiligo i ka ʻohana hoʻokahi. Ma kahi o 10 mau genes i komo, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana i ka makahiki 2010²⁴. He kuleana ko kēia mau genes i ka pane immune.

• ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili o nā radical manuahi

Wahi a kekahi mau haʻawina²³ʻO nā melanocytes o ka poʻe me ka vitiligo e hōʻiliʻili i nā radical manuahi he nui, ʻo ia nā ʻano ʻōpala i hana maoli ʻia e ke kino. ʻO kēia hōʻiliʻili maʻamau e alakaʻi i kahi "hoʻopau iā ia iho" o nā melanocytes.

• Kuhiakau aʻalolo

ʻO ka vitiligo segmental ka hopena i ka depigmentation o kahi wahi i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia, e like me ka wahi i hoʻokomo ʻia e kahi aʻalolo i hāʻawi ʻia. No kēia kumu, ua manaʻo ka poʻe noiʻi e hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka depigmentation i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o nā pūhui kemika mai nā wēlau o nā aʻalolo, kahi e hoʻemi ai i ka hana ʻana o ka melanin.

• Nā mea a puni

ʻOiai ʻaʻole lākou ke kumu o ka vitiligo ponoʻī, hiki i kekahi mau mea hoʻonāukiuki ke kōkua i ke ʻano o nā kiko (e ʻike i nā kumu pilikia).

Evolution a me nā pilikia

ʻO ka hapanui pinepine, piʻi ka maʻi i a ʻo ka puʻupuʻu hiki ʻole a hiki ke hooki a hoonui me ka ike ole i ke kumu. Hiki i ka Vitiligo ke holomua i nā ʻāpana, me ka hoʻonāukiuki ʻana i kekahi manawa ma hope o kahi hanana noʻonoʻo a kino paha. I nā hihia koʻikoʻi, hele nā ​​plaque iā lākou iho.

Ma waho aʻe o ka pōʻino cosmetic, ʻaʻole he maʻi koʻikoʻi ka vitiligo. ʻO ka poʻe me ka vitiligo, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pilikia o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi ʻili no ka mea ʻaʻole lilo nā wahi depigmented i mea pale i nā kukuna o ka lā. ʻOi aku ka maʻi o kēia poʻe i nā maʻi autoimmune ʻē aʻe. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole kēia ka hihia no ka poʻe me ka vitiligo segmental.