He aha ka prism: wehewehe, nā mea, nā ʻano, nā koho ʻāpana

Ma kēia hoʻolaha, e noʻonoʻo mākou i ka wehewehe, nā mea nui, nā ʻano a me nā koho kūpono no ka ʻāpana o kahi prisma. Hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻike i hōʻike ʻia me nā kiʻi kiʻi no ka ʻike maikaʻi.

Wehewehe ʻana o kahi prisma

Prism he kiʻi geometric ma ke ākea; he polyhedron me ʻelua mau helehelena like a like (polygons), aʻo nā helehelena ʻē aʻe he parallelograms.

Hōʻike ka kiʻi ma lalo nei i kekahi o nā ʻano prisma maʻamau - laina hāhāhā (ai ole paralelepiped). Kūkākūkā ʻia nā ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe o kēia kiʻi ma ka ʻāpana hope o kēia puke.

Nā mea prisma

No ke kiʻi ma luna:

• Nā kuʻuna he mau polygon like. He mau huinakolu paha keia, eha, elima, hexagons, a pela aku. ABCD и A₁B₁C₁D₁.
• Nā alo ʻaoʻao he mau paralelograms: AA₁B₁B, BB₁C₁C, CC₁D₁D и AA₁D₁D.
• ʻaoʻao iwi ʻaoʻao He māhele ia e hoʻopili ana i nā piko o nā kumu like ʻole e pili ana kekahi i kekahi (AA₁, BB₁, CC₁ и DD₁). ʻO ia ka ʻaoʻao maʻamau o nā alo ʻaoʻao ʻelua.
• kiʻekiʻe (h) – he kiko pololei keia mai kekahi kumu a i kekahi kumu, oia hoi ka mamao mawaena o lakou. Inā loaʻa nā ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao ma nā kihi ʻākau i nā kumu o ke kiʻi, a laila ʻo ia ke kiʻekiʻe o ka prisma.
• Diagonal kumu - he māhele e hoʻopili ana i ʻelua mau piko kūʻē o ke kumu hoʻokahi (AC, BD, A₁C₁ и B₁D₁). ʻAʻole i loaʻa kēia mea i ka prisma triangular.
• Diagonal aoao He māhele laina e hoʻokuʻi ana i ʻelua mau piko kūʻē o ka maka hoʻokahi. Hōʻike ke kiʻi i nā diagonal o hoʻokahi maka. (CD₁ и C₁D)i ole e hoonui.
• Prisma Diagonal – he māhele e hoʻohui ana i ʻelua piko o nā kumu like ʻole i pili ʻole i ka ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi. Ua hōʻike mākou i ʻelua wale nō o nā ʻehā: AC₁ и B₁D.
• ʻili prisma ʻo ia ka ʻili piha o kona mau kumu ʻelua a me nā alo ʻaoʻao. Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻōkuhi no ka helu ʻana (no ke kiʻi pololei) a me nā prisms ma nā puke ʻokoʻa.

Holoi prisma - ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā maka a pau o ke kiʻi i hoʻokahi mokulele (ʻo ka mea pinepine, hoʻokahi o nā kumu). Eia kekahi laʻana, no kahi prisma pololei ʻehā:

'Ōlelo Aʻo: hōʻike ʻia nā waiwai prisma ma .

Nā koho ʻāpana Prism

1. ʻāpana diagonal – hele ka mokulele ʻoki ma ka diagonal o ke kumu o ka prisma a me nā ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao ʻelua.'Ōlelo Aʻo: ʻAʻohe ʻāpana diagonal i kahi prisma triangular, no ka mea, ʻo ke kumu o ke kiʻi he huinakolu ʻaʻohe diagonal.
2. Mahele Perpendicular – hui ka mokulele ʻoki i nā ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao a pau ma kahi kihi ʻākau.

'Ōlelo Aʻo: ʻAʻole maʻamau nā koho ʻē aʻe no ka ʻāpana, no laila ʻaʻole mākou e noho kaʻawale iā lākou.

Nā ʻano prisma

E noʻonoʻo i nā kiʻi like ʻole me kahi kumu triangular.

1. Prisma pololei – Aia nā maka ʻaoʻao ma nā kihi ʻākau i nā kumu (ʻo ia hoʻi, kū pololei iā lākou). Ua like ke kiʻekiʻe o ia kiʻi me kona ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao.
2. prisma oblique – ʻaʻole kū pololei nā ʻaoʻao o ke kiʻi i kona mau kumu.
3. Prisma pololei ʻO nā kumu he polygon maʻamau. He pololei a oblique paha.
4. prisma ʻoki ʻia – ka ʻāpana o ke kiʻi i koe ma hope o ka hele ʻana me ka mokulele i like ʻole me nā kumu. Hiki iā ia ke pololei a me ke ʻano.