He iwi ʻoʻoleʻa ʻo Bone e loaʻa ana nā minelala a me collagen e hōʻoia like i kona ikaika. Ma loko o ke ola holoʻokoʻa, ulu ka iwi, haki, hoʻoponopono iā ia iho, akā nāwaliwali hoʻi. ʻO ka hana hou ʻana o ka iwi he hana paʻakikī, e koi ai i ka laulima ʻana ma waena o nā osteoclasts a me nā osteoblasts.

Hana ʻia nā iwi iwi o nā hunaola iwi a me kahi matrix extracellular mineralized, i hana ʻia me nā collagen a me nā protein non-collagenic. ʻO ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana ʻole o ka iwi iwi ka hopena o ka hana o ʻekolu ʻano o nā hunaola.

• nā osteoclasts e luku mau i ka iwi weluwelu (resorption iwi);
• osteoblast e hana i nā mea e pono ai e hoʻololi i ka mea nalo (hoʻokumu iwi);
• osteosit.

Pono e hana i kēia hoʻohou hou ʻana i kahi ala kaulike a me kahi kauoha kikoʻī e hōʻoia i ke ʻano o ka iwi a hōʻoia i ka paʻa.

No laila he osteoclasts nā hunaola iwi no ka resorption o nā iwi iwi, a pili pū i kāna hana hou. ʻO ka resorption iwi iwi ka hana e wāwahi ai ka osteoclasts i nā iwi iwi a hoʻokuʻu i nā minelala, e ʻae ana i ka calcium e hoʻoneʻe ʻia mai kaʻiʻo iwi i ke koko. Pēlā e hōʻino ai nā osteoclasts i kaʻiʻo iwi.

Ke hoʻonāukiuki ʻole ʻia nā iwi, wāwahi nā osteoclast i ka waiwai kumu i helu ʻia.

ʻO ka maʻamau aia he "koena" ma waena o ka hoʻokumu iwi a me ka resorption. No laila ka hapa nui o nā maʻi iwi i hele mai mai ke kaulike ʻole: ʻeli paha lākou i ka nui, a i ʻole ʻaʻole kūkulu kūpono, a i ʻole hoʻohui ʻia o kēia mau ʻano hana ʻelua.

Eia hou, hiki i nā osteosit ke hoʻouna i kahi hōʻailona hewa. Hiki i nā pae hormone kiʻekiʻe ke alakaʻi i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka iwi. ʻO kēia ke kumu e hāʻule ai ke poʻo iwi i ka holo o ke ola.

• Inā ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka resorption ma mua o ka hoʻokumu ʻana: e emi ka nui o ka iwi, e alakaʻi ana i ka nalo ʻana o nā pono mechanical o ka iwi a alakaʻi i nā haki (osteoporosis a i ʻole osteogenesisfecta);
• Inā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka resorption: hoʻonui ka nui o ka iwi i ka mea maʻamau ʻole, a hiki i ka osteosclerosis.

Hana ka iwi iwi i ke kaʻina ʻelemakule me ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka hana o nā iwi iwi. ʻO ka hoʻohaunaele ʻana o kēia hoʻoponopono ʻana ke kumu o kekahi mau maʻi iwi.

Pili nā pathology o nā maʻi osteolytic he nui me ka resorption o ka iwi e nā osteoclasts.

ʻO kahi maʻamau i ke kaohi o ka resorption iwi hiki ke alakaʻi iā:

• Osteoporosis: maʻi maʻi iwi i hōʻike ʻia e ka hoʻemi ʻana o ka nui o ka iwi a me ka hōʻino ʻana o ka hanana kūloko o ka iwi iwi. Uha ke kaulike ma waena o ka hoʻokumu iwi a me ka resorption. ʻOi aku ka nāwaliwali o nā iwi a hoʻonui ka makaʻu o nā haki;
• Osteogenesis imperfecta: (hereditary congenital osteoporosis) maʻi i hōʻike ʻia e ka nui o ka nāwaliwali o ka iwi, ma muli o kahi kīnā hānau i ka hana ʻana o nā fibre collagen i loko o nā mea hoʻopili i hana i ke kumu o ka iwi;
• ʻO Osteopetrosis: i ʻike ʻia ʻo "iwi marble" kahi huaʻōlelo e pili ana i kahi hui o nā iwi iwi ʻole a hoʻoilina hoʻoilina, i hōʻike ʻia e ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka iwi iwi ma muli o kahi abnormalities i ka hoʻomohala ʻana a i ʻole ka hana o nā osteoclasts;
• ʻO ka maʻi o Paget o ka iwi: overactive ka hana hou ʻana o ka ʻaʻa a kū i kahi ʻano anarchic. No laila, ua hōʻino ʻia ka iwi o ka iwi i kekahi mau wahi a ʻaʻole mālama ʻia ke kaʻina hana maʻamau o ka hoʻoulu hou ʻana.

Osteoporosis / osteogenesis

ʻO ka pahuhopu o ka mālama ʻana e pale i ke kū ʻana o nā haki ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka paʻa o kaʻiʻo iwi.

Ma mua o kekahi lapaʻau, ke kauka:

• Hoʻoponopono i kahi hemahema o ka wikamina D hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia i ka pāʻina vitamin D, inā pono, kahi e kōkua ai i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i nā iwi;
• E mālama pono i ka nui o ka puna. Hiki iā ia ke alakaʻi i kahi loli i ka lawe ʻana i ka meaʻai a i ʻole kuhikuhi i kahi lāʻau e hoʻohui i ka calcium a me ka huaola D;
• Manaʻo e haʻalele i ka puhipaka;
• Paipai i ka hana o ka hoʻoikaika kino, i mea e hoʻoikaika ai i ke kaulike, hoʻemi i ka makaʻu o ka hāʻule ʻana;
• Hōʻoia i ka hoʻokō ʻana o nā hana pale i ka hāʻule.

Nā lapaʻau kikoʻī: bisphosphonates, "hoʻōlohi nā molekoki i ka hana o ka osteoclasts, nā hunaola e wāwahi i ka iwi, a pēlā e kaupalena ai i ka nalo ʻana o ka iwi" a me ka pale ʻana i ka makaʻu o ka haki.

Osteopetrosis

No ka osteopetrosis kamaliʻi, paipai ʻia ke kanu ʻana o nā hunaola hematopoietic. ʻO kēia nā aʻa koko e pili ana i ka momona o ka iwi a i ʻole ke koko.

Ka maʻi o Paget o ka iwi

Pono e mālama ʻia ka maʻi o Paget inā pilikia nā ʻōuli a i ʻole inā nui ka makaʻu a i ʻole nā ​​hōʻailona e hōʻike ana i nā pilikia (kuli, osteoarthritis a me nā deformities). I ka poʻe asymptomat, pono ʻole ka lāʻau. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kekahi o nā bisphosphonates ʻokoʻa e hoʻolohi i ka holomua o ka maʻi o Paget.

osteoporosis

Hana ʻia ke kuhi ma ke ana ʻana i ka nui o nā iwi e ka densitometry a me nā kukuna x o ke kuamoʻo dorsolumbar e nānā i kahi haʻihaʻi vertebral i kekahi manawa ke nānā ʻole ʻia no ka mea ʻaʻole ʻeha.

Osteogenesis

Nā hōʻailona lapaʻau (haʻi pinepine, polū sclera, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) e ʻike ai a me nā radiologies (osteoporosis a me ke kū ʻana o nā iwi wormian ma nā ʻāpana x o ka iwi poʻo). Hiki i ka iwi densitometry ke kōkua i ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka hōʻailona.

Osteopetrosis

Hoʻomaka ke kauka me kahi hoʻokolohua kino a me nā hopena o ka x-ray scan e hōʻike ai i ka mānoanoa a me ka hoʻonui ʻia o nā iwi, a me ke kiʻi o ka iwi i ka iwi. Hiki ke hōʻoia ʻia ke kuhi e ka DNA analysis (hōʻike koko).

Ka maʻi o Paget o ka iwi

ʻO kahi hōʻoia koko, X-ray a me kahi scintigraphy iwi wale nō e hana i ka ʻike.