Ke ʻoliʻoli nei mākou i ke kō, poina pinepine mākou i ka nīnau ma ke ʻano o ke kaʻina hana e ʻike ʻia ai kēia mea kilokilo i loko o kā mākou keke, i loko o ke kīʻaha a i ʻole ke aniani. E like me ke kānāwai, ʻaʻole pili ke kō me ka hana ʻino. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, mai ka makahiki 1812, ua hui maoli ʻia ke kō me ka ʻino i kēlā me kēia lā. I ka nānā mua ʻana, ʻike ʻia ke kō he hua mea kanu maʻemaʻe; ma hope o nā mea a pau, no ka mea kanu. ʻO ke kō i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia - ke ʻano i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o ke kofe, ka ʻōpala pōkole, a me nā mea ʻai keke - i hana ʻia mai ke kō a i ʻole ka beets. Loaʻa i kēia mau ʻano kōpaʻa ʻelua kahi pūʻulu meaʻai like ʻole, loaʻa ka ʻono like. Eia naʻe, ʻokoʻa kā lākou hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe. He aha ke ʻano o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe kō? No ka hana ʻana i ke kō papaʻaina mai ke kō, ʻoki ʻia nā ʻōpala o ke kō e hoʻokaʻawale i ka wai mai ka pulp. Hoʻopiliʻia ka wai a hoʻomehanaʻia; ʻO ka crystallization ka hana, a laila kānana ʻia ka nui o ka crystalline a hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia me ka iwi char, no laila e loaʻa iā mākou ke kō keʻokeʻo puʻupaʻa. Eia kekahi, ma ke ʻano he kānana, hoʻohana ʻia ka lanahu iwi, ka nui o nā iwi pelvic o nā keiki bipi a me nā bipi. Hoʻopiʻi ʻia nā iwi pipi a puhi ʻia ma kahi mahana o 400 a 500 degere Celsius. I ka hana ʻana i ke kō, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka pauka iwi i ʻoki ʻia ma ke ʻano he kānana, kahi e hoʻomoʻa ai i nā haumia kala a me ka lepo. I loko o kēlā me kēia pahu kānana nui i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻoihana, hiki ke loaʻa maʻalahi a hiki i kanahiku tausani kapuaʻi o ka iwi iwi. Loaʻa kēia nui o nā mea kānana mai nā iwi o kahi o 78 mau bipi. Kūʻai nā hui kō i ka iwi iwi no nā kumu he nui; ʻo ka mea mua, aia nā unahi nunui a lākou e hana ai. Hiki ke 10 a 40 kapuaʻi ke kiʻekiʻe a 5 a 20 kapuaʻi ka laulā o nā kolamu kānana kālepa nunui. Akā, ʻo kēlā me kēia mea hiki ke kānana i 30 galani kō i kēlā me kēia minuke ʻelima mau lā o ka pule e paʻa i 5 paona lanahu. Inā hoʻohana ʻia hoʻokahi bipi e hana i ʻeiwa paona lanahu, a ma kahi o 70 paona e pono ai e hoʻopiha i kahi kolamu kānana, a laila hōʻike ʻia kahi makemakika maʻalahi e lawe i nā iwi o kahi kokoke i 7800 mau bipi e hana ai i ka ʻai iwi no hoʻokahi kānana kalepa. . Nui nā hale hana e hoʻohana i nā kolamu kānana nui e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ke kō. ʻAʻole ʻo ke kō keʻokeʻo maʻemaʻe wale nō ka mea ʻono i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia e like me ka mea i wehewehe ʻia ma luna. Hoʻoholo ʻia ke kō ʻeleʻele ma ka lanahu iwi no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe. ʻO ke kōpaʻa pauka ka hui pū ʻana o ke kō i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia a me ka starch. Ke ʻai mākou i ke kō i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia, ʻaʻole mākou ʻae maoli i ka meaʻai holoholona, akā uku mākou i ke kālā i nā mea hana lanahu iwi. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole i loko o ke kō pono nā ʻāpana o ka lanahu iwi, akā pili pū me lākou. ʻIke ʻia ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o ke kō i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ma ke ʻano he huahana kosher - no ke kumu ʻaʻohe iwi. Hiki i ka lanahu iwi ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ke kō, akā ʻaʻole lilo ia i ʻāpana. Eia nō naʻe, pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ʻo ke kūʻai ʻana i nā huahana pepehi kanaka, ʻo ia hoʻi nā iwi, ke koko a me nā ʻāpana kino ʻē aʻe e like me nā tendons (e like me ka gelatin), hiki i nā mea pepehi holoholona ke loaʻa kālā mai kā lākou ʻōpala a noho maikaʻi.
No ka hapa nui, ʻo nā iwi bipi no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe kō mai Afghanistan, India, Argentina, Pakistan. Hoʻopili nā hale hana iā lākou i iwi iwi a kūʻai aku iā ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe. Nui nā ʻāina ʻEulopa, a me Australia a me New Zealand, ua pāpā i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka iwi iwi e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ke kō. Eia nō naʻe, i ke kūʻai ʻana i nā huahana ma kekahi o kēia mau ʻāina, ʻaʻole hiki ke maopopo i ke kō i loko o ia mau mea i hana ʻia ma ka ʻāina. ʻAʻole hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ke kō a pau i loaʻa mai ke kō me ka lanahu iwi. Hiki ke ho'ohana 'ia ka osmosis ho'ohuli, ho'ololi ion, a i 'ole ka lanahu synthetic ma kahi o ka lanahu iwi. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻoi aku ka uku o kēia mau ʻano. ʻAʻole hoʻohana ʻia ka kānana lanahu iwi i ka hana ʻana i ke kō beet no ka mea ʻaʻole pono kēia kō i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia e like me ka decolorization e like me ke kō. Wehe ʻia ka wai beetroot me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi mea hoʻolaha a hui pū ʻia me nā mea hoʻohui, e hopena i ka crystallization. Hiki i nā mea kanu ke hoʻoholo i ka hopena maʻalahi i ka pilikia - e hoʻohana wale i ka beet sugar, akā ʻokoʻa ka ʻono o kēia ʻano kō ma mua o ke kō, kahi e koi ai i nā loli i nā mea ʻai a paʻakikī i ka hana kuke. Aia kekahi mau koʻo i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻaʻole hoʻohana i ka iwi iwi i ka hana ʻana, a me nā mea ʻono ʻaʻole i loaʻa mai ke koʻokoʻo a i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia me ka pehu iwi. No ka laʻana: Xylitol (Birch Sugar) Agave Juice Stevia Maple Syrup Coconut Palm Sugar Hua Wai Hoʻopaʻa ʻia Ka lā Sugar