Contents
E hoʻomanaʻo i nā laina mai The Tale of Tsar Saltan?
Hīmeni ka squirrel i nā mele
ʻAe, ʻai ʻo ia i nā hua a pau,
Akā ʻaʻole maʻalahi nā nati,
He gula nā pūpū a pau,
He emerald maʻemaʻe ka nuclei.
Kapa ʻo Pushkin i kēia lāʻau spruce. Akā, ʻoiai, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i ʻike maikaʻi i ka botany, no ka mea, ʻaʻohe hua o ka spruce. Aia ma kahi kokoke i ka pine kedera. A ʻo kēia kekahi o nā hua ʻai nui loa, no laila ua kūpono loa nā "ʻeleʻele gula" a me nā "kernels emerald maʻemaʻe" no lākou.
Nā ʻano pine kedera
A eia kekahi mea hoihoi: ʻaʻole hoʻokahi ʻano ʻano kedera kedera. ʻEhā o lākou ma ke ʻano!
Siberian
Paina kedera Siberia (Pinus sibirica) he lāʻau nui loa, hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe o 20 - 25 m, akā aia nā specimens o 35 - 40 m kēlā me kēia. A hiki i ka 2 m ka mānoanoa o kona kumu. ʻO ia hoʻi, inā ʻoe e kanu iā ia ma ka pūnaewele, e noʻonoʻo i nā ana e pono ai ʻo ia i kahi ākea.
ʻO ka lei aliʻi o ka paina Siberian he paʻakikī, me nā lālā mānoanoa a pinepine me nā piko. Aia ma kahi o 8 m ke anawaena. He lōʻihi loa nā nila, a hiki i 15 knm a palupalu. Hōʻiliʻili ʻia i loko o nā pūʻolo o 5 nilala.
Ke ola nei kēia ʻano pine kedera ma ka awelika ma kahi o 250 mau makahiki, akā ma ka ʻākau hikina o Altai aia nā ʻano hoʻohālike nona nā makahiki he 800 - 850 mau makahiki! Ma ke ala, ʻo Altai ka mea i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka wahi hānau o ka pine Siberian. A ʻo ka hapa nui o kēia mau kumulāʻau (80%) e ulu nei i ko mākou ʻāina. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ke koena 20% ma ka hikina o Kazakhstan a ma ka ʻākau o Mongolia.
ʻO nā paina Siberian oʻo e hoʻopuka i ka awelika o 12 kg o nā nati i kēlā me kēia makahiki, akā hiki i kekahi mau lāʻau ke hoʻohua i 50 kg. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia cone he 30-150 mau hua, akā ua oʻo lākou no ka manawa lōʻihi - 14-15 mau mahina. Hoʻomaka ka paina Cedar e hua mai i ka makahiki 60! Akā ma hope aku. A hāʻawi ia i ka ʻohi maikaʻi ʻana i hoʻokahi manawa i 1 - 3 mau makahiki, akā ʻoi aku ka pinepine i hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia 10 makahiki (4). Maopopo iā ʻoe i kēia manawa ke kumu e hoʻohālikelike ʻia ai nā nati me nā gula-emeralds?
Nāʻano
ʻO ke koho ʻana i nā pine cedar Siberian i kā mākou ʻāina e lawe ʻia e ka Institute of Forests. ʻO VN Sukachev o ka lālā Siberian o ka Academy of Science, a me nā kahu hānai pilikino. I ka makahiki 2021, ua helu ʻia ka papa inoa o ka Society for Breeding and Introduction of Conifers he 58 mau ʻano o ka paina Siberian (2).
Hoʻokaʻawale ka poʻe loea i nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā clones o nā pine cedar Siberian i 3 mau pūʻulu.
Hua kiʻekiʻe - hiki lākou i ke kiʻekiʻe e like me ko lākou mau ʻohana hihiu, akā hāʻawi mua nā cones - ua 2 mau makahiki ma hope o ke kanu ʻana, a ma hope o 10 - 12 mau makahiki hiki lākou i ka piko o ka hua.
ʻO FDA. Ua kapa ʻia kēia mea kanu ma muli o nā hua mua o ka mea ʻepekema Fyodor Dmitrievich Avrov, nāna i hāʻawi i kona ola holoʻokoʻa i ke aʻo ʻana i nā mea kanu coniferous. He kiʻekiʻe nā lāʻau, hāʻawi i 30 cm o ka ulu ʻana i kēlā me kēia makahiki a hiki i 10 m ma ka makahiki 4,5. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo nā nila, 10-11 cm ka lōʻihi. Nui ka nui o nā cones, a ʻo ka hua o kēia clone he 2 mau manawa kiʻekiʻe ma mua o kāna mau ʻohana hihiu. Me ka pilikia ʻole e kū i ka hau a hiki i -40 ° C.
Kress (Kress). Ua hoʻokomo ʻia kēia ʻano ʻano i ka mahiʻai i ka makahiki 1992 a ua kapa ʻia ma hope o ke kiaʻāina mua o ka ʻāina ʻo Tomsk, ʻo Viktor Kress. He kiʻekiʻe ka lāʻau, hāʻawi i ka ulu o 30 cm i kēlā me kēia kau a hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe o 10 m ma ka makahiki 4,5. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo nā nila, ma kahi o 10 cm ka lōʻihi. Hoʻomaka ia e hua i ka makahiki e hiki mai ana ma hope o ke kāpili ʻana. ʻO ka hua he 2 mau manawa kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā paina hihiu. Akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā puʻupuʻu. Kū i ka hau a hiki i -40 °C.
hua haʻahaʻa ulu - ʻo ko lākou kiʻekiʻe mai 20 a 50% o ke kiʻekiʻe o nā paina hihiu. ʻO kēia nā mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "witch's brooms" (BM) - nā hoʻololi kūlohelohe o nā lālā pākahi, kahi i hōʻike ʻia e ka ulu haʻahaʻa a me ka compactness. Hoʻopili ʻia lākou i nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe a laila hoʻolaha ʻia. Hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻohua i ka hua 4-5 mau makahiki ma hope o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana a hāʻawi i nā cones he ʻumi - ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi i ka nui, akā piha. Eia nō naʻe, aia kahi pilikia - ʻaʻole hana nā clones iā lākou iho i ka pollen. Ma Siberia, hāʻawi kēia mau ʻano i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana me ka pilikia ʻole, no ka mea he nui nā pine kedera ulu ulu i ka taiga, a ma ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa o kā mākou ʻāina pono lākou i kahi ʻano pollinator kūikawā.
Mea kākau moʻolelo (Rekordistka). Ua loaʻa ka inoa o kēia clone ma muli o ka momona maikaʻi loa - ʻo kona hua he 10 (!) mau manawa kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā paina hihiu (1). I ka moʻomeheu mai 1995. He haʻahaʻa nā kumulāʻau, ma ka makahiki 10 hiki lākou i 30 - 90 cm, no ka manawa hāʻawi lākou i ka hoʻonui o 2,5 - 7,5 cm wale nō. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo nā nila, pōkole - 5 - 7 cm. Aneane 2 manawa ka liʻiliʻi o nā cones ma mua o nā ʻano ʻano. ʻO ka clone pale-hau loa, kū i ka -40 ° C.
Mea kanu (Plantationnyj). ʻO ka inoa o kēia ʻano like ʻole e ʻōlelo nona iho - ua ʻōlelo ʻia no ka waiho ʻana i nā mea kanu ʻoihana, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka nui o kāna hua ma mua o nā pine wild. Ma ka moʻomeheu mai ka makahiki 4. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka lāʻau ma 1998 mau makahiki he 10 - 0,9 m. I loko o ke kau, hāʻawi ia i ka piʻi o 1,8 - 7,5 cm. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo nā nila, ʻoi aku ka pōkole ma mua o nā ʻano - 15 - 8 cm ka lōʻihi. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā cones - 9% o ka nui maʻamau. Hoʻomaka e hoʻohua ma hope koke o ke kālai ʻana.
Peresidena (Peresidena). Ua hoʻokomo ʻia kēia clone i ka moʻomeheu i ka makahiki 1992. I ka makahiki 2002, ua hōʻike ʻia kahi lāʻau no ka 50th anniversary o ko mākou Pelekikena Vladimir Putin a ua hāʻawi ʻia ka ʻano inoa i ka hanohano nona.
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana - ʻo Putin, a laila kapa hou lākou iā ia ʻo Pelekikena (e ʻike ʻoe i ke kumu i ka wehewehe ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole). I kēia manawa ʻo ia kekahi o nā ʻano kaulana loa o ka pine Siberian. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka lāʻau ma 10 mau makahiki he 0,9 - 1,8 m. ʻO ka ulu makahiki he 7,5-15 cm. ʻO ka hua he 5 mau manawa kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka ʻano, akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka cone (80% o nā mea kūlohelohe). ʻOi aku ka pōkole o nā nila (7 - 8 cm), akā 3 mau manawa ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa. Me ka pilikia ʻole e kū i ka hau a hiki i -40 ° C.
Oligarch (Oligarkh). Ua hoʻokomo ʻia kēia ʻano i ka mahiʻai i ka makahiki 1992 a ua kapa ʻia ma hope o ka oligarch kaulana ʻo Mikhail Khodorkovsky i kēlā manawa. I ka wā mua, loaʻa i kēia clone ka inoa hana "clone 03". Akā i ka makahiki 2003, ua hōʻike ʻia kekahi o ia lāʻau iā Khodorkovsky. A ua hoʻoholo lākou e kapa iā ia no ka hanohano o ka mea hoʻokipa kaulana - Khodorkovsky. Eia naʻe, i kekahi mau lā ma hope mai, ua hopu ʻia ka oligarch kaulana. Ma hope iki mai, ua hōʻea nā mea nūpepa mai ka nūpepa Healthy Food Near Me i ka nursery kahi i hānai ʻia ai kēia mau clones ʻelua, a ua paʻi ʻia kahi ʻatikala ma ka pūnaewele: "ʻAʻole wale ʻo Khodorkovsky, akā ʻo Putin pū kekahi i hoʻopaʻahao ʻia ma Tomsk." ʻAe, ʻo ia hoʻi, pili ia i nā paina kedera hou. Akā ʻo ka mea kākau o kēia mau ʻano, ua hoʻoholo e kapa hou iā lākou ʻo Pelekikena a me Oligarch.
ʻO ka oligarch kahi lāʻau stunted, ma ka makahiki 10 hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe o 0,9 - 1,8 m, e ulu ana e 7 - 15 cm i kēlā me kēia kau. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo nā nila, ʻoi aku ka pōkole ma mua o nā pine pine, 5 - 6 cm wale nō ka lōʻihi, akā 4 mau manawa ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa. ʻO ka hua o kēia clone he 7-8 mau manawa ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka ʻano. Akā, he 2 manawa ka liʻiliʻi o nā cones. Hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope o ka grafting. Kūleʻa hau - a hiki i -40 ° С.
Avrov. ʻO kēia ʻano like ʻole, mai ka FDA, ua hoʻolaʻa ʻia i ka ʻepekema ʻo Dmitry Avrov a kapa ʻia ma hope ona. Hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka moʻomeheu i ka makahiki 1994. ʻO kāna mau lāʻau he dwarf, ma 10 mau makahiki ko lākou kiʻekiʻe he 30 - 90 cm wale nō, no ka makahiki hoʻonui lākou i ka 2,5 - 7,5 cm. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo nā nila, pōkole (5 - 7 cm), akā he 3 mau manawa ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa ma mua o nā ʻano kūlohelohe. ʻO nā cones a me nā nati he 2 mau manawa liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā pine hihiu, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hua. Kūleʻa hau - a hiki i -3 ° С.
Ma waena o nā ʻano hua ʻē aʻe, hiki i kekahi ke nānā (ma nā brackets e hōʻike ʻia i ka nui o nā manawa i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hua i nā paina hihiu): Seminsky (7) Altyn-Kol (5) ʻO ia a me ia (4) Stottysh (4) Highlander (4) (2).
ʻO nā ʻano mea hoʻonaninani haʻahaʻa - loaʻa iā lākou nā lei aliʻi fluffy o ke ʻano kūpono, i kekahi manawa me kahi kala ʻokoʻa o nā nila, a ulu mālie lākou.
Narcissus. He ʻano spherical kēia ʻano dwarf. I ka makahiki 10, hiki i ka nui o 30 - 90 cm. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo kona mau nila, ʻoi aku ka māmā ma mua o nā pine pine. ʻOi aku ka pōkole o nā nila (5 - 7 cm) a he 8 manawa ka mānoanoa. ʻAʻole ia e hana i nā cones, a inā ʻike ʻia lākou, he hoʻokahi wale nō lākou a ʻo nā makahiki 2-3 mua wale nō ma hope o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana. Kū i ka hau a hiki i -40 °C. I kekahi manawa (kakaʻikahi) e wela iki i ka pūnāwai. Pono i ka stonecrop makahiki o ka lei mai nā nila maloʻo kahiko.
Emerald (Izumrud). Hōʻike ka inoa o nā ʻano like ʻole i kāna hiʻohiʻona nui - he hue turquoise kona mau nila. He semi-dwarf ka clone, ma ka makahiki 10 hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe o 90 - 1,8 m, ʻo ka ulu makahiki he 7,5 - 15 cm. ʻO ka lei aliʻi he ākea, erect a oval paha. He pōkole nā nila, 5-7 cm, akā 4 mau manawa ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa ma mua o nā pine kikoʻī. ʻO keʻano,ʻoiai no ka mea hoʻonani, akā e hua maikaʻi -ʻo ka hua o nā cones he 2,5 mau manawa kiʻekiʻe ma mua o kona mau hoahānau hihiu. Akā he 2 manawa ka liʻiliʻi. ʻO ke ʻano he incredibly frost-resistant, kū a hiki i -45 ° C. Akā hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia e ka pest - Hermes, no laila, pono ia i ka mālama pale ʻana i ka makahiki me nā insecticides systemic (Engio a i ʻole Atkara). I hoʻokahi makahiki i ka pūnāwai, pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia nā nila maloʻo mai ka lei aliʻi.
Biosphere (Biosphere). ʻO kēia kekahi o nā ʻano mea hoʻonaninani mua o ka pine Siberian me kahi ʻano lei aliʻi spherical. ʻOiaʻiʻo, mamao loa ia mai kahi pōpō maikaʻi loa - he oval. He dwarf ka mea kanu, ma 10 mau makahiki he kiʻekiʻe o 30 - 90 cm a ulu i ka 2,5 - 7,5 cm i kēlā me kēia makahiki. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo nā nila, ʻoi aku ka pōkole ma mua o nā pine pine (e pili ana i 7 knm), akā 5 - 6 mau manawa ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa. Hoʻohua nā ʻano like ʻole - ʻoi aku ka nui o kāna hua ma mua o nā paina hihiu. Akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā cones. He kiʻekiʻe loa ka pale ʻana i ka hau - a hiki i -2 ° C. Hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki, pono ʻoe e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā nila kahiko mai ka lei aliʻi.
Europa
Paina kedera ʻEulopa (Pinus cembra) ma ʻEulopa, liʻiliʻi loa kona mau pae a hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma nā wahi ʻelua: mai ka hema o Farani a hiki i nā ʻāpana hikina o nā Alps, a ma nā mauna Tatra a me Carpathian.
ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o kēia ʻano ma mua o kāna paina kedera Siberian pili - ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe ma kahi o 10 - 15 m, akā hiki ke piʻi i ka 25 m. A hiki ke anawaena o ke kumu i 1,5 m. ʻO nā nila he 5 - 9 cm ka lōʻihi, hōʻiliʻili ʻia i loko o nā pūpū o 5 pcs. He liʻiliʻi nā cones, 4-8 cm ka lōʻihi, akā nui nā nati - ma kahi o 1 cm ka lōʻihi.
ʻOi aku ka thermophilic o kēia pine ma mua o kona kaikuahine Siberian, kū i ka hau a hiki i -34 ° C, akā ulu maikaʻi ia ma Moscow - aia kekahi mau lāʻau ma ka arboretum Biryulevsky.
Nāʻano
He liʻiliʻi kāna mau ʻano, akā aia nō kāna koho.
ʻO Glauka (Glauca). I ka makahiki 10, hiki i nā kumulāʻau ke kiʻekiʻe o 2,5 - 3 m. He lōʻihi kona mau nila, hōʻiliʻili ʻia i loko o nā pūpū o 5 pcs. Kūpono ʻia no ke kala ʻokoʻa o nā nila - he bluish-kālā. Kūleʻa hau - a hiki i -34 ° С.
Ortler (Ortler). No nā Alps kekahi ʻano ʻano like ʻole he clone o ka "blue witch". ʻO nā lāʻau i lalo, paʻa, i ka makahiki 10 ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 30-40 cm, hāʻawi i ka piʻi o 3-4 cm i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO ke ʻano o ka lei aliʻi he spherical, ʻano ʻole. ʻO nā pua o nā lōʻihi like ʻole, no laila ua like nā mea kanu i ka bonsai. He pōkole nā nila, uliuli-hina-'ōmaʻomaʻo.
ʻO Glauca Trento (Glauca Trento). He ʻano ʻokoʻa kēia, he clone o kahi pine ʻāhiu mai Northern Italy - mai waho o ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Trento. I ka moʻomeheu mai 1996. ʻO nā kumulāʻau ma ka makahiki 10 hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe o 1,8 - 4,5 m a hāʻawi i ka hoʻonui o 15 - 30 cm i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Needles 8-9 cm lōʻihi, uliuli-'ōmaʻomaʻo. Hoʻomaka ka hua ʻana i kekahi mau makahiki ma hope o ke kanu ʻana. ʻAʻole hāʻawi ka ʻohi o nā cones i kēlā me kēia makahiki, akā ua hana ʻia mai ka nui. ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kūpaʻa hau o kēia ʻano ma mua o kona mau kūpuna ʻEulopa - a hiki i -45 ° C.
Spb (Spb). Ua hāʻawi ʻia ka inoa o nā ʻano like ʻole i ka hanohano o St. Ma ka moʻomeheu mai ka makahiki 1997. Ua ulu wikiwiki ia, 30 cm i kēlā me kēia makahiki a hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe o 10 m i ka makahiki 4,5. He lōʻihi nā nila, ma kahi o 10 cm, ʻōmaʻomaʻo-uliuli ke kala. Hoʻomaka ka hua 10-15 mau makahiki ma hope o ke kāpili ʻana. ʻAʻole hana ʻia nā cones i kēlā me kēia makahiki, akā i ka nui. Kūleʻa hau - a hiki i -45 ° С.
Korean
Paina Kōlea (Pinus koraiensis) ulu hihiu ma Korea, Iapana, ma ka hikina akau o Kina a mai Ko kakou aina - ma ka hikina hema o ka Amur Region, ma ka Primorsky a me Khabarovsk Territories. I ko mākou ʻāina, he kakaikahi a ua helu ʻia ma ka Red Book.
He kiʻekiʻe loa nā lāʻau, hiki i 40-50 m, a ʻo nā kumu lāʻau a hiki i 2 m ke anawaena. He lōʻihi loa nā nila, a hiki i 20 knm, hōʻiliʻili ʻia i loko o nā pūpū o 5 pcs. Nui nā cones, a hiki i ka 17 knm ka lōʻihi, a hiki i nā nati i ka lōʻihi o 1,5 - 2 cm. Hiki i ka 500 cones ke oʻo i ka manawa hoʻokahi ma kahi kumulāʻau makua, a hiki i 150 mau nati i kēlā me kēia. Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, hoʻomaka ia e hua mai ka makahiki 60 - 120 mau makahiki, e hua ka hua i kēlā me kēia 3 - 4 mau makahiki. Noho nā lāʻau i 350 - 400 mau makahiki. He mea kupaianaha ke kū ʻana o ka hau o ka pine cedar Korea - a hiki i -50 ° С.
Nāʻano
Silverey (Silveray). I loko o kēiaʻano likeʻole,ʻelua mau aka o nā nila - he'ōmaʻomaʻo kaʻaoʻao luna a he uliuli kaʻaoʻao lalo. Eia kekahi, ua wili ʻia nā nila a puni ko lākou axis ponoʻī a kuhikuhi ʻia i nā ʻaoʻao like ʻole, kahi e nānā ai ka lāʻau i ka curly. I ka makahiki 10, hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe o 3 m, a ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o nā specimen makua ma mua o 8 m. He 9-20 knm ka lōʻihi o nā kui. ʻO nā cones a hiki i 17 cm. ʻO ke kū ʻana o ka hau, e like me nā kumu like ʻole, mai -34 ° C a -40 ° C.
Jack Corbit. ʻO kekahi ʻano "curly" ʻē aʻe, akā ʻaʻole like me Silverey, he dwarf - ma 10 mau makahiki, ʻaʻole ʻoi aku kona kiʻekiʻe ma mua o 1,5 m. Ke ulu nei ʻo 10-15 cm i kēlā me kēia makahiki. He lōʻihi nā nila, he ʻōmaʻomaʻo kala. He liʻiliʻi nā cones, 10 knm ka lōʻihi. Hoʻomaka ia e hua i nā makahiki 10-25. Kū i ka hau a hiki i -40 °C.
Ma Ko mākou ʻāina, ua koho ʻia nā pine cedar Korea, a ʻoi aku ma mua o 20 mau ʻano i hānai ʻia i kēia manawa (1). Aia i waena o lākou he mau mea liʻiliʻi, i ka makahiki 10, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 30 cm kiʻekiʻe (Anton, Dauria, Thermohydrograviodynamics), puʻupuʻu – 30 – 90 cm (ʻO Alenka, Anastasia, Aristocrat, Bonsai, Femina, Gosh, Xenia, Pandora, Perun, Stribog) a me semi-dwarf - 0,9 - 1,8 m (Dersu, Kizlyar-aga, Patriarch, Svyatogor, Veles) (2).
elfin
ʻO Elfin pine (Pinus pumila) ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ko mākou ʻāina ma lalo o ka inoa o ka elfin cedar. ʻO ka ʻāpana nui o kēia mea kanu ma ko mākou ʻāina - ulu ia ma kahi o Siberia āpau - mai ka ʻāina ʻo Irkutsk a hiki i Sakhalin, a ma ka ʻākau hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma waho o ka Arctic Circle. Ma waho, he mau wahi liʻiliʻi wale nō me Siberian dwarf pine - ma nā mauna o Mongolia, Northeast Kina a me Korea.
ʻO Cedar elfin kahi mea kolo, 30 – 50 knm ke kiʻekiʻe a ulu mālie loa - 3 – 5 cm i kēlā me kēia makahiki. He pōkole nā nila, 4-8 cm ka lōʻihi, hōʻiliʻili ʻia i loko o nā pūpū e pili ana i 5 pcs. He liʻiliʻi nā cones, 4-8 cm ka lōʻihi, liʻiliʻi hoʻi nā nati - 5-9 mm. Hoʻohua ia i kēlā me kēia 3-4 mau makahiki. A hāʻawi ka ʻohi mua i ka makahiki 20 - 30 mau makahiki.
Nāʻano
He 6 wale nō ʻano o ka cedar elfin, hānai ʻia lākou a pau ma ko mākou ʻāina (2): Alkanay, Ikawa, Yankus, Hamar-Daban, Kikimora, Kunashir. He mau clones kēia o nā hoʻololi kūlohelohe. ʻOkoʻa lākou i ke ʻano o ka lei aliʻi, ke kiʻekiʻe, ke kala o nā nila (Kunashir, no ka laʻana, uliuli) a he fluffy loa. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou e like me nā mea kanu hoʻonaninani. Akā, hoʻohua lākou a pau. ʻO ke kū ʻana o ka hau i kēia mau ʻano a hiki i -45 ° С.
Kanu laau kedera
Pono e kūʻai ʻia nā pine Cedar me kahi ʻōnaehana paʻa paʻa, ʻo ia hoʻi, i loko o nā pahu - me nā aʻa ʻole, ʻaʻole lākou e aʻa. ʻAʻole pono e eli i lua nui no ia mau mea kanu. ʻO ke kānāwai no nā ʻano a pau:
- lua anawaena - 2 ipu anawaena;
- hohonu lua - 2 pahu kiʻekiʻe.
He mea pono ke ninini i kahi papa wai ma lalo o ka lua - 10 - 20 cm. Hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia i ka pālolo, nā pōhaku i ʻoki ʻia a i ʻole nā pilikia i haki.
Inā kaumaha ka lepo ma ka pūnaewele, palolo, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻopiha ʻana i ka lua me ka lepo kūikawā no nā conifers (kūʻai ʻia ma ka hale kūʻai) a i ʻole e hoʻomākaukau i ka hui ʻana iā ʻoe iho - lepo soddy, peat, one ma kahi ratio o 1: 2. : 2. No kēlā me kēia lua, pono ʻoe e hoʻohui i kahi bākeke o ka honua mai kahi ulu lāʻau pine (a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma lalo o nā pine kedera) - aia i loko o ka mycorrhiza, e kōkua ana i ka lāʻau ʻōpio e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke aʻa ma kahi hou.
Pono ke kanu ʻana i nā pine kedera me ka mālama pono i ʻole e hāʻule ka puʻupuʻu lepo. Pono ka ʻāʻī o ke aʻa me ka ʻili o ka lepo - pono e nānā pono ʻia kēia.
Ma hope o ke kanu ʻana, pono e hoʻoinu ʻia ka seedling - 1 - 2 bākeke i kēlā me kēia seedling, e like me kona nui. Ma hope o ka hoʻoinu ʻana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mulch i ka lepo - me ka pine a i ʻole ka larch bark, coniferous sawdust a coniferous litter.
Ka mālama ʻana i ka pine kedera
ʻO nā ʻano pine cedar āpau he mea ʻole loa a, ma ka laulā, pono lākou i nā kūlana like no ka ulu ʻana.
Pā
Ke ulu nei nā pine Cedar ma nā ʻāina āpau, ʻoiai ma nā one a me nā pōhaku. Akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā mea āpau - ma nā lepo momona a me ke one momona - ma laila lākou e hāʻawi ai i nā hua nui loa o nā nati (3).
kau iho
ʻO nā lāʻau kedera a pau he mau mea kanu photophilous. I ka wā'ōpiopio, hiki iā lākou ke ulu i loko o ka malu - e like me keʻano, ulu lākou ma lalo o nā lei aliʻi o nā lāʻau nui.
Hiki ke kanu ʻia nā ʻano haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa makua ma ka malu hapa - ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopilikia i ko lākou ulu ʻana a me ka ulu ʻana ma kekahi ʻano, akā no nā ʻano mea hoʻonaninani, e ʻeleʻele ke kala o nā nila, a no nā ʻano hua, e liʻiliʻi ka hua. No laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e ʻimi iā lākou i kahi wahi mālamalama.
Hoʻomoʻa i ka wai
Pono nā pine Cedar i ka wai nui ma hope o ke kanu ʻana - no 2 mau pule i kēlā me kēia 2 - 3 mau lā, 1 bākeke wai. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, pono lākou e hoʻoinu wale ʻia i kahi maloʻo ikaika a lōʻihi.
Ma hope o 5 mau makahiki, ua pau ka wai - ua komo nā aʻa o nā pine cedar i ka hohonu o ka lepo a hiki ke loaʻa i ka wai no lākou iho.
nā mea kanu
I ke kanu ʻana i nā pine kedera, inā ʻilihune ka lepo, pono ia e hoʻopili i kahi mea kanu organomineral paʻakikī (kekahi), akā pono e hoʻemi nui ʻia ka nui - 30% o ka helu i ʻōlelo ʻia ma lalo o kēia mau lāʻau.
e ai ana
ʻAʻole pono nā paina kedera kiʻekiʻe i ka lole luna - he mau aʻa ikaika loa lākou e komo i ka hohonu a ulu ikaika i ka laulā, ma waho o ka ʻike o nā aʻa. No laila e loaʻa iā lākou ka ʻai na lākou.
Akā, pono e hānai ʻia nā paina undersized - i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pūnāwai me nā mea kanu kūikawā no nā mea kanu coniferous (kūʻai ʻia lākou i nā kikowaena māla a kākau ʻia ma luna o lākou: "No nā conifers." Pono e hoʻemi ʻia ka nui - 30% wale nō o ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia e. ka mea hana.
Hana hou i ka pine kedera
Inoculation. ʻO kēia ke ʻano o ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka hapa nui o nā pine kedera varietal. Akā ʻo kēia kaʻina hana e hoʻopau i ka manawa, koi i ka ʻike kūikawā, a hana pinepine ʻia kēia e nā kahu hānai. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ke kūʻai ʻana i kahi mea kanu grafted mākaukau.
Nā hua. Hoʻohana mau ʻia kēia ʻano no ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā ʻano mea kanu, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā mea kanu hihiu. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke hoʻolaha ʻia nā varietal e nā hua, akā ʻo 50% wale nō o nā mea kanu e mālama i nā hōʻailona o ko lākou mau mākua. ʻO ke koena, e like paha me nā mea kanu hihiu.
ʻAʻole maʻalahi ke ʻano. Pono e kanu ʻia nā hua i ka hopena o ka hāʻule, i ka hopena o ʻOkakopa - i ka hoʻomaka o Nowemapa. Pono lākou e hana i ka stratification, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka ʻike ʻana i ke anuanu. A i ʻole, ʻaʻole lākou e piʻi mai. I ka pūnāwai, hiki ke lūlū ʻia nā hua ma hope o ka stratification mua i loko o ka friji no 1,5 mau mahina. Akā i ka lūlū ʻana i ka hāʻule, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e nā hoʻokolohua ma ka pine Korean, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka germination - 77%, ʻoiai ma hope o ka stratification artificial he 67% (4).
Pono hou nā hua - ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka germination rate, a inā e moe lākou i lalo, e hoʻemi nui ʻia.
ʻAʻole pono e lūlū ʻia nā nati ma nā ʻāina i kanu ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole kūpono ka māla a me ka māla mea kanu - he nui nā pathogens, a ʻaʻohe pale o nā pine nuts iā lākou. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lūlū ʻana iā lākou ma kahi ʻāina i kanu ʻole ʻia a ʻeli ʻole ʻia ka honua.
Ma lalo o ka lūlū hua, pono ʻoe e ʻeli i kahi ʻauwaha 5-8 cm hohonu a 10 cm ākea. E ninini i 3-5 knm o ka litter coniferous ma lalo - ka papa luna o ka lepo o ko lākou nahele paina. A laila e hohola i nā hua - ma kahi mamao o 1 cm mai kēlā me kēia. A mai luna mai, e uhi me ka lepo hoʻokahi mai kahi ululāʻau pine me kahi papa o 1 - 3 cm.
Hōʻike pinepine ʻia nā pana i ka waena o Mei. A i kēia manawa pono lākou e hāʻawi i ka pale mai nā manu - makemake lākou e ʻahaʻaina i nā ʻōpuʻu pine ʻōpio. ʻO ka mea maʻalahi ka waiho ʻana i nā lālā spruce a pine paha ma luna o nā mea kanu.
I ka makahiki mua, ulu mālie nā mea kanu, i ka hopena o ke kauwela ua like lākou me ka nui o kahi pāʻani me kahi pūpū liʻiliʻi o nā nila ma luna. I ka 2 mau makahiki, mānoanoa iki a hoʻolōʻihi iki - i kēia manawa pono lākou e luʻu ʻia, hoʻololi ʻia i kahi mau. Pono e hana ʻia kēia ma waena o ʻApelila a i waena o ʻOkakopa.
Nā maʻi o ka pine kedera
Resin cancer seryanka a me pine blister rust. Hōʻike ʻia kēia mau maʻi fungal iā lākou iho ma ke ʻano like - ʻike ʻia nā pehu ma nā lālā, ma luna o ka maloʻo ʻana o nā nila.
ʻO ke koho maikaʻi loa i ka wā e ʻike ʻia ai, ʻo ia ke ʻoki i ka lāʻau a puhi ʻia i ʻole e loaʻa i nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe - pili kēia mau maʻi i nā ʻano pine he nui, e like me ka pine maʻamau, prickly spruce rhododendron, a mai nā kumulāʻau hua - nā lāʻau apple, pears, currants, gooseberries, holoholona hihiu a me ka lehu mauna. Akā, ʻaʻole paha e hana kekahi o nā kamaʻāina o ke kauwela i kēlā ʻano, ʻoiai inā hoʻokahi wale nō lāʻau - he mea minamina! No laila, hiki iāʻoe ke ho'āʻo e ho'ēmi i ka uluʻana o ka maʻi - eʻoki i nā lālā i hoʻopiliʻia, e wehe i nā nila hāʻule a pau mai ka lepo, a ma ka punawai e mālama i nā mea kanu me ka copper sulphate.
ʻO nā pests pine Cedar
Nui lākou, akā ʻo ka nūhou maikaʻi e hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopau iā lākou āpau.
Spruce mite. ʻAi kēia mau mea ʻeha liʻiliʻi i ka wai o nā nila pine ʻōpio. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike iā lākou ma ke ʻano o nā nila - hoʻomaka lākou e nalowale ke kala, me he mea lā e mae, a laila wrinkle a maloʻo.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopau i kēia māka me ke kōkua o Fitoverm.
Inā ʻike ʻia, a laila hoʻomaka nā nila e mae, me he mea lā, wrinkle, a laila maloʻo loa. ʻO kēia ma muli o ka ʻai ʻana o nā parasite liʻiliʻi i ka wai o nā nila ʻōpio.
ʻO ka spider mite. Ke ʻike ʻia, hoʻomaka nā nila e huli melemele a maloʻo, a ʻike koke ʻia kahi pūnaewele cobweb i ʻike ʻia ma luna.
E kōkua ʻo Fufanon i ka pale ʻana i ka pest.
Pine aphid. ʻAi ia i ka wai o nā nila ʻōpio, a i kekahi manawa ke ʻike nui ʻia lākou a hiki ke luku i kahi lāʻau ʻōpio.
ʻO ke ana o ka hakakā ʻo ia ka lāʻau Karbofos.
Hermes. He pest liʻiliʻi loa, hiki ke ʻike ʻia kona helehelena e nā puʻupuʻu keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ma luna o nā nila. Hoʻopilikia wale ia i nā pine kedera ʻōpio, kūʻē nā kumu lāʻau makua iā ia.
No ka hakakā ʻana i kēia pest, hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hoʻomākaukau Spark, Fufanon, Atkara.
Nā nīnau a me nā pane kaulana
Ua nīnau mākou i nā kamaʻāina o ke kauwela i nā nīnau e pili ana i nā pine kedera agronomist-breeder Svetlana Mikhailova.
Kumuwaiwai o
- ʻO Vyvodtsev NV, Kobayashi Ryosuke. ʻO ka hua o nā hua paina kedera ma ka Territory Khabarovsk // Nā pilikia maoli o ka ululāʻau, 2007 https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/urozhaynost-orehov-sosny-kedrovoy-v-khabarovskom-krae
- Ka Hui no ka hānai ʻana a me ka hoʻolauna ʻana i nā conifers https://rosih.ru/
- ʻO Gavrilova OI Ke ulu nei i ka paina pōhaku Siberian i nā kūlana o ka Repubalika o Karelia // Resources and Technology, 2003 https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/vyraschivanie-sosny-kedrovoy-sibirskoy-v-usloviyah-respubliki-karelia
- Drozdov II, Kozhenkova AA, Belinsky MN -podmoskovie