ʻO ka duodenum (mai ka Latin duodenum digitorum, ʻo ia hoʻi "he ʻumikūmālua mau manamana lima") kahi ʻāpana o ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi, kahi lālā o ka ʻōnaehana digestive.

wahi. Aia ka duodenum ma waena o ka pylorus o ka ʻōpū a me ka ʻaoʻao duodeno-jejunal.

ʻO ke ʻano o ka duodenum. ʻO ia kekahi o nā ʻāpana ʻekolu o ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi (ka duodenum, jejunum a me ka ileum). 5-7 m ka lōʻihi a me 3 cm ke anawaena, ukali ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi i ka ʻōpū a hoʻonui ʻia e ka ʻōpū nui (1). ʻO C a hoʻohālikelike ʻia, ʻo ka duodenum ka ʻāpana paʻa o ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi. ʻO nā kahawai excretory mai ka pancreas a me ke dile bile i hōʻea i kēia ʻāpana (1) (2).

'Ole o ka pā duodenal. Hana ʻia ka duodenum e nā enope 4 (1):

• ʻO ka membrane mucous ka papa o loko, kahi o nā glands e hūnā ana i kahi mucus pale.
• ʻO ka submucosa ka papa waena i hana ʻia i loko o nā kīʻaha koko a me nā aʻalolo.
• ʻO ka muscularis ka papa o waho i hana ʻia i nā olonā nāʻiʻo.
• ʻO ka membrane serous, a i ʻole peritoneum, kahi envelope e uhi ana i ka paia o waho o ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi.

Digestion. Mālama nui ʻia ka ʻai ʻana i loko o ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi, a ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka duodenum ma o nā digestive enzymes a me nā bile acid. ʻO nā enzyme Digestive mai nā pancreas ma o nā aʻa excretory, ʻoiai nā waikawa o ka bile i hoʻokumu ʻia mai ke akepaʻa ma o nā dule o ka bile (3). E hoʻololi nā enzymes Digestive a me nā bile acid i ka chyme, kahi wai i piha i ka meaʻai i hoʻomo mua ʻia e nā wai digestive mai ka ʻōpū, i loko o ka chyle, kahi wai i piha i nā fibre dietary, nā carbohydrates paʻakikī, nā molekiola maʻalahi, a me nā meaola (4).

ʻO kaʻae. No kāna hana, e komo ke kino i kekahi mau mea e like me nā kalapona, nā momona, nā protein, nā electrolytes, nā huaora, a me ka wai (5). ʻO ka absorption o nā huahana o ka digestion e hana nui ʻia i loko o ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi, a ma ka duodenum a me ka jejunum.

Ka pale ʻana o ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi. Pale aku ka duodenum iā ia iho e kūʻē i nā kemika a me nā hoʻouka ʻenehana me ka hūnā ʻana i ka mucus, e pale ana i ka mucosa (3).

Maʻi maʻi ʻōpū mau. Kūlike kēia mau maʻi i ka mumū o ka uhi o ka ʻāpana o ka ʻōnaehana digestive, e like me ka maʻi o Crohn. Pākuʻi ʻia nā ʻōuli me ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū nui a me ka diarrhea (6).

ʻO ka maʻi hōʻoia o ke kino. Hōʻike ʻia kēia maʻi e ka hypersensitivity o ka paia o ka ʻōpū, keu hoʻi i ka duodenum, a me ke kaulike ʻole o ka muscle muscle. Hōʻike iā ia iho ma o nā ʻōuli like ʻole e pili ana i nā maʻi digestive e like me ka maʻi diarrhea, ka paʻa paʻa ʻana, a i ʻole ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ke kumu o kēia maʻi i kēia lā.

Kūlaha pila. Hōʻike ia i kahi kū o ka hana o ke kaʻa, e hōʻeha ana i ka ʻeha a me ka luaʻi. Hiki i ke kahakaha ʻōpala ke kumu mechanical me ke kū ʻana o kahi ālaina i ka wā o ke kaʻa (gallstones, tumors, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) akā hiki ke lilo i kemika e ka hoʻopili ʻia ʻana i kahi maʻi o kahi kiko kokoke, e laʻa me ka peritonitis.

Ulcer peptic. Kūlike kēia pathology i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o kahi ʻeha hohonu i ka paia o ka ʻōpū a i ʻole ka duodenum. Hoʻokumu pinepine ʻia ka maʻi ulia peptic e ka ulu ʻana o ke koʻohuna akā hiki pū kekahi me kekahi mau lāʻau (7).

ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka pathology diagnose, hiki ke kuhikuhi ʻia kekahi mau lāʻau e like me nā lāʻau anti-inflammatory a analgesics paha.

ʻO keʻano maʻamau. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka pathology a me kāna evolution, hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia kahi hoʻopili lāʻau.

Ke kaulike. Hoʻomaka ka hoʻomaka o ka ʻeha me kahi hoʻokolohua kino e loiloi i nā ʻōuli a ʻike i nā kumu o ka ʻeha.

Ninaninau ʻaʻano. Hiki ke hana i nā hoʻokolohua koko a me nā ʻōpala e hana a hōʻoia paha i kahi kuhi.

ʻImi hoʻokolohua kiʻi. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka pathology i manaʻo ʻia a i hōʻoia ʻia paha, hana ʻia paha kekahi mau loiloi hou e like me ka ultrasound, kahi CT scan a i ʻole MRI.

Ninaninau endoscopic. Hiki ke hana i ka endoscopy e hoʻopaʻa i nā paia o ka duodenum.

Ua hāʻawi nā Anatomists i ka inoa duodenum, mai ka Lākina ʻumikūmālua iniha, ʻo ia hoʻi "ʻumikūmālua mau manamana", i kēia ʻāpana o ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi ʻoiai he ʻumikūmālua mau manamana ka lōʻihi.