Contents
No ka ʻohana o nā ʻano iʻa cyprinid ka iʻa Gorchak. Ma keʻano he kūlana, nohoʻo ia i nā waihona me ka wai kūpaʻa a iʻole nā waihona, kahi,ʻoiai aia i kēia manawa, akā he lohi. Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, aia a hiki i ka 20 subspecies o kēia iʻa hoihoi, hiki ke loaʻa i kahi kala nani. E kūkākūkā kēia ʻatikala i ka ʻano a me nā wahi noho o kēia iʻa, a me nā ʻano lawaiʻa.
ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana i ka iʻa ʻawaʻawa
Keʻano
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia iʻa mai nā ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe e ke kino kiʻekiʻe, i hoʻopili ʻia ma hope, kahi i kau ʻia ai nā unahi nui. Eia kekahi, ʻike ʻia ka iʻa ʻawaʻawa e ke alo o kahi poʻo liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole nui (hoʻohālikelike) nā maka a me ka ʻole o ka ʻumi. ʻAʻole nui ka waha o ka ʻawaʻawa a aia ma lalo o ke poʻo. Ua uhi ʻia ke kino o ka sinapi me nā unahi kālā, ma luna o ia mea, ma ke kino, aia nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi, ʻulaʻula a ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha. I ka wā o ka hoʻoulu ʻana, lawe ke kino o ka sinapi i kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa iki, ʻoi aku ka māmā o nā hue iridescent. I kona ola ʻana, hiki i kēia iʻa ke ulu a hiki i ka 10 kenimika kiʻekiʻe. Ma kahi o 7 kenimika ka lōʻihi o nā kānaka maʻamau, me ke kaumaha ma kahi o 8 grams. ʻO ke ola o kēia iʻa hoihoi ma kahi o 5 mau makahiki. Makemakeʻo ia e noho i loko o nāʻohana, a kokoke i lalo, koho i nā wahi me kahi hohonu iki.
ʻO ka meaʻai o kēia iʻa he plankton a me nā algae, pono e loaʻa i nā wahi noho o nā bitterlings. Ma Rusia, ua loaʻa i kēia iʻa kekahi mau inoa ʻē aʻe, e like me "olshanka", "bitter", "pukasik", "malyavka", "gorchanka" a i ʻole "bruise". I ka nānā ʻana, ua like ka iʻa sinapi me kahi crucian liʻiliʻi, no laila ua kapa ʻia ka sinapi ʻo "gorchak crucian".
ʻawaʻawa maʻamau (Rhodeus sericeus), ʻawaʻawa ʻEulopa
Kūā
ʻOi aku ka makemake o nā ʻano sinapi like ʻole i ko lākou wahi noho. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka wahi noho nui kahi e noho ai nā clams "Unio" a i ʻole "Anodonta", e pili ana i ke ola o kēia iʻa.
Loaʻa ka iʻa ʻawaʻawa ma kekahi mau ʻāina ʻEulopa, ʻo ia hoʻi ma ka muliwai Seine, ka muliwai Volga a me ka muliwai Neva. Eia kekahi, loaʻa ia i loko o ke kīʻaha o ke Kai Baltic a me ke Kai ʻEleʻele, a me nā loko i pili pū me ke Kai Aegean.
Ma Rūsia, ʻike ʻia ka noho ʻana o kēia iʻa ma ka muliwai ʻo Neva a me kona mau kahawai. Hiki ke loaʻa iā ia ma ka ʻāina ʻo Volga, ma ka muliwai e like me ka Volga a me Chapaevka, e kahe ana ma ka ʻāina ʻo Samara. I kekahi manawa ua hui ʻia ʻo ia ma ke Kai Caspian.
He mea maʻamau ka ʻawaʻawa Amur ma Asia, ma nā ʻāina e like me Kina, South Korea, Vietnam a me Mongolia. Eia kekahi, noho ia i kekahi mau kino wai o ka ʻāpana ʻĀsia o Rūsia. Hiki ke manaʻo ʻia kēlā mau wahi ʻo ka muliwai ʻo Amur, ke Kai o Iapana a me ke Kai o Okhotsk, a me kā lākou mau kīʻaha. Ma ka hikina loa o Rusia, Sakhalin, loaa keia ia, ma na muliwai o Poronai a me Tym.
ʻAʻole hoihoi ka iʻa ʻo Gorchak, ʻoiai he nui loa ka heluna kanaka o kēia iʻa. Ma our country, loaʻa ka ʻawaʻawa ma nā ʻāpana komohana hema, a ma Belarus - ma Polissya. Ma kahi kokoke i ka latitu ʻākau, ʻaʻole laha ka ʻawaʻawa, no ka mea, makemake ʻo ia i ka wai mehana a me nā wahi kikoʻī e pili ana i kona pōʻai ola. ʻOiai naʻe, ua loaʻa ka ʻawaʻawa ma nā wahi pono ʻole.
kaʻina hana hānau
E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua, no ka wā o ka spawning, hoʻololi ka bitterling i kona ʻano, a i ʻole kona kala. Ua pena ʻia ke kua a me nā ʻaoʻao o nā kāne i kahi hue poni ʻulaʻula, a ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula nā lau. ʻO ke kāne i kēia wā lilo i mea hoihoi loa i nā wahine.
"Hoʻopiʻi hou" nā wahine i ka ʻulaʻula, akā ʻaʻole like me nā kāne. Eia kekahi, hana lākou i kahi oviduct, ma kahi o 5 kenimika ka lōʻihi. ʻO kēia ma muli o ke ʻano kikoʻī o ka hānai ʻana o kēia iʻa. I ke kaʻina o ka hoʻoulu ʻana, ua emi ka nui o kēia oviduct a, i ka pau ʻana o ka hoʻoulu ʻana, aneane ʻike ʻole ʻia.
I loko o kēia wā, hōʻike nā kāne i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana, e hoʻokuke ana i kā lākou mau hoa hakakā mai nā wahine. Ma keʻano he kūlana,ʻaʻohe hemahema o nā wāhine, no laila, he hōʻailona maoli kēia hoʻonāukiuki o lākou.
Hiki i ka Gorchak ke hoʻomaka e hoʻomaka ma hope o 3 mau makahiki o ke ola, me ka lōʻihi o 4 mau kenimika. Ke hoʻomau nei ka wahine i ka pua i ka pūnāwai a me ke kauwela, e waiho ana i loko o ka lua o kekahi ʻano mollusk, kahi e pono ai kēia oviduct. He oval ke ʻano o nā hua, ma kahi o 3 mm ke anawaena. Hiki i hoʻokahi wahine ke hoʻomoe ma kahi o 400 mau hua e like me ka hiki, ʻoiai hiki i kekahi mau wahine ke waiho hua i loko o ka mollusk hoʻokahi. Ma kahi o ʻelua pule, ʻike ʻia ka ʻawaʻawa, e ʻau ana i waho o ka mollusk. I ka manawa like, hoʻopili ʻia nā embryos mollusk iā lākou, a pēlā e neʻe ai i loko o kahi waihona. ʻO ia hoʻi, kōkua ka mollusk a me ka iʻa ʻawaʻawa kekahi i kekahi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka honua lalo. Inā nalo kekahi o lākou, a laila e nalowale kekahi kanaka ʻē aʻe o ka honua lalo ma hope ona. He hōʻike ʻē aʻe kēia e pili ana nā kaʻina hana a pau.
Nā kūkākūkā e pili ana i ka lawaiʻa -122 – Moscow Gorchak
lawai'a
ʻAʻohe waiwai kūʻai o kēia iʻa ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui, a he ʻawaʻawa kona ʻiʻo. Ma muli o kēia ʻono ʻano, ua loaʻa kona inoa. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻawaʻawa i loko o ka ʻiʻo o ka sinapi e pili ana i ka limu a kēia iʻa e ʻai ai.
Ma kēia ʻano, ʻaʻole hoʻomaʻamaʻa nā lawaiʻa amateur i ka lawaiʻa ʻana i ka sinapi, a ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka hopu ʻana, ʻoi aku hoʻi me kahi lāʻau lawaiʻa maʻamau. ʻO ka mea ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua makaʻala loa kēia iʻa a no ka hopu ʻana iā ia e pono ai ʻoe i nā mea hana kūikawā me kahi laina lahilahi i ʻole e makaʻala i ka iʻa. Lawe lākou i kēia iʻa me nā mea hana ʻē aʻe e hoʻohana ai i maunu ola, e hopu ai i nā ʻano iʻa predatory.
Nā ʻano o ka sinapi
I ko mākou manawa, ʻike ʻia ma kahi o 20 mau ʻano o kēia iʻa hoihoi. ʻO nā mea kaulana loa o lākou:
- ʻO Gorchak maʻamau, ka mea maʻamau i nā loko o kekahi mau ʻāina ʻEulopa, Belarus, our country a me Rusia.
- ʻO Gorchak Amur, e noho ana ma na loko o ka Hikina mamao.
- Gorchak Laita. Noho nui kēia ʻano ma nā ʻāpana hema o Kina. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai kona mau hoa like me kona waihoʻoluʻu melemele, a me ke ʻano o kahi wahi uliuli ʻeleʻele kokoke i nā gills.
- ʻO Gorchak ocellar. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia iʻa e kahi hue gula a loaʻa i nā loko o South Korea, Vietnam a me Kina.
Nā hana
Ma ke ʻano maʻamau, makemake kēia iʻa liʻiliʻi i nā wai kūpaʻa a lohi paha. Ke alakaʻi nui nei lākou i ke ʻano o ke ola ʻana, e hele hewa ana i loko o nā pūʻulu o 60 a ʻoi aku paha. I loko o ia mau pūʻulu, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne, akā i ka wā spawning, hiki i kēia mau ʻohana ke hui pū, e alakaʻi ana i kahi kaulike i ka helu o nā wahine a me nā kāne.
He iʻa herbivore ʻo Gorchak, no laila makemake ʻo ia e noho ma lalo o ka waihona, kahi e ulu ai nā ʻano algae. Ma waho aʻe o ka ʻai ʻana o kēia iʻa i kēia mau limu, hoʻohana ia i mea pale i nā ʻenemi. He hilahila a akahele ka iʻa, e pili ana i kāna ʻano. Ke hoʻouka ʻia e ka mea ʻaihue, hiki iā ia ke hoʻomohala i kahi wikiwiki mua kiʻekiʻe, ʻoiai ʻo ia e pale pono i nā niho o ka mea ʻaihue.
Ka hopu ʻana i ka sinapi
ʻO ka lawaiʻa ʻana i kēia iʻa he mea hoihoi loa ia a me ka noʻonoʻo ʻole, kahi e koi ai i ka hoʻomanawanui, hoʻomanawanui a me ke akamai mai ka mea lawaiʻa. ʻAi maʻalahi ʻo ia i ka berena rai ʻeleʻele. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole ʻo ia e ale i ka nozzle, akā ʻai mālie. No laila, no ka hopu ʻana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā makau liʻiliʻi i hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia e like me ka maunu.
Ma ke ʻano he hoʻopaʻa makau, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka palaoa liʻiliʻi, ka palaoa anise, ka bale, ka ilo, a me nā ʻāpana o kahi ilo maʻamau. Akā naʻe, makemake ka ʻawaʻawa i nā nozzles o ka mea kanu kumu.
ʻO nā wahi maikaʻi loa no ka hopu ʻana, ʻo ia nā wahi ʻaʻohe o kēia manawa a i ʻole ke kua i hope, kahi i ʻike ʻia ai ka noho ʻana o nā mea kanu wai. Ma ia mau wahi, hūnā ka sinapi i nā ʻohana lehulehu. ʻOiai ua manaʻo ʻia ka ʻawaʻawa he iʻa lalo, koho ʻo ia i nā wahi pāpaʻu kahi e loaʻa ai ka waiwai. E like me ke kānāwai, ma kahi hohonu he paʻakikī i ka bitterling ke ʻimi i ka meaʻai nona iho.
Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka ʻawaʻawa ma luna o ke koʻokoʻo lana maʻamau me kahi lei lahilahi a me kahi lana maʻalahi loa. Ma nā wahi i loaʻa ai ka ʻāʻī a ʻeleʻele paha, hiki nō ke ʻawaʻawa. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, he laha kēia, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki i ka ʻawaʻawa ke pale i ke kaomi o ka roach.
Pehea e hoomakaukau ai i ka awaawa
He ʻawaʻawa kēia iʻa. Inā komo kekahi iʻa i loko o ka pepeiao, a laila e pōʻino ke kīʻaha. ʻOiai ka ʻona ʻawaʻawa, ʻaʻole manaʻo ʻia ka ʻawaʻawa he mea ʻawaʻawa a hiki ke ʻai ʻia inā ʻoe e hoʻohana i kekahi o nā mea ʻai. Ma Kina, makemake lākou e ʻai i kēia iʻa ma ke ʻano palai, e hoʻopau pono a holoi pono hoʻi. Ma ka Pūnaewele, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i kahi meaʻai hoihoi loa e kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻomākaukau pono i ka sinapi.
ʻO ka poʻe nāna i hoʻomākaukau i ka ʻumeke ʻawaʻawa, ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻokaʻawale loa i kona loko, a laila holoi pono ʻia. Eia kekahi, pono e wehe ʻia nā unahi a pau. Ma hope o kēlā, ʻai ʻia ka iʻa i loko o kahi pā palai wela i ke ʻano o nā ʻāpana. Ma mua o kēia, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hamo ʻana i ka pā me ka momona. ʻO ka hopena, loaʻa nā ʻāpana iʻa me ka ʻole o ka ʻawaʻawa.
ʻO Gorchak, ʻoiai kona helehelena maikaʻi, ʻaʻole ia he hoihoi i ka poʻe lawaiʻa, no kona ʻono ʻawaʻawa, a he liʻiliʻi ka iʻa ponoʻī: ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hopu ʻana i ka pōʻeleʻele, hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka sinapi. ʻOiai, inā i moʻa pono, hiki ke ʻai ʻia.
Ma kēia mea, ʻaʻole hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka hapa nui o nā lawaiʻa i ka hopu ʻana i kēia iʻa. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka hopu ʻana no ka mea he iʻa akahele a hilahila. Inā hopu ʻia ma ka makau, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka sinapi i maunu no ka hopu ʻana i ka iʻa predatory.
ʻAʻole kūpono ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻili lahilahi loa e hopu ai iā ia, no ka mea, aia kekahi iʻa nui aʻe i loko o ka waihona, hiki ke ʻoki maʻalahi i kahi aho lahilahi. Hopu kekahi poʻe lawaiʻa i ka sinapi me ka "spider" i mea e hoʻohana ai ma hope i maunu ola. ʻO ka hopu ʻana i ka iʻa me kahi "spider" he mau hiʻohiʻona ponoʻī e pili ana i ka hoʻolālā ʻana o nā mea hana. Me ka sinapi, hiki ke loaʻa kekahi iʻa liʻiliʻi, kahi i hoʻohana ʻia i maunu ola. Hele kekahi poʻe lawaiʻa me ka "spider" i mea e hoʻolako ai iā lākou iho i ka maunu ola.