Ke ulu nei kekahi mau halo ulu lāʻau ma luna o nā ʻōpuʻu ʻeleʻele a hiki ke pōʻino i ka pā liʻiliʻi. Pono e hōʻiliʻili maikaʻi ʻia kēlā mau kino hua palupalu, me ka hoʻāʻo ʻole e wāwahi i ka pāpale. Ma waena o nā halo ʻai ma nā wāwae lahilahi, hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā ʻano like ʻole o ka russula, a aia kekahi mau kino hua me nā hiʻohiʻona like i waena o nā ukana.
ʻO Russula ma nā wāwae lahilahi
ʻO Russula green (Russula aeruginea).
Ohana: Russula (Russulaceae)
Season: ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Iulai - ka hopena o Kepakemapa
Ulu: hoʻokahi a me nā hui
Description:
He cylindrical ke kumu, keʻokeʻo, me nā kikoʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele. Hoʻopau maʻalahi ka peel e 2/3 o ka radius o ka pāpale.
He ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka pāpale, convex a i ʻole ke kaumaha, pili.
He palupalu ka pulp, keʻokeʻo, me ka ʻono ʻawaʻawa. ʻO ka lihi o ka pāpale ua ʻāhue. ʻO nā papa he pinepine, pili, keʻokeʻo, a laila ʻulaʻula melemele, i kekahi manawa me nā kiko ʻōpala.
ʻO kahi haloʻai maikaʻi, hoʻohana hou ʻia (manaʻo ʻia e hoʻolapalapa e wehe i ka ʻawaʻawa) a paʻakai. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā ʻōpala ʻōpio me kahi kihi haʻahaʻa.
Ecology a me ka mahele ʻana:
Ke ulu nei ia ma ka deciduous, hui pū ʻia (me ka birch), i kekahi manawa i nā ululāʻau coniferous, i nā ʻōpio pine-birch, ma nā one one, i ka mauʻu, i ka moss, ma nā ʻaoʻao, kokoke i nā ala.
ʻO Russula melemele (Russula claroflava).
Ohana: Russula (Russulaceae)
Season: waena o Iulai - hopena o Kepakemapa
Ulu: hoʻokahi a ma nā hui liʻiliʻi
Description:
Pili nā papa, pinepine, melemele.
ʻO ka pāpale he melemele ʻulaʻula, maloʻo, convex a pālahalaha paha.
He keʻokeʻo ka wāwae, pahee, hina me ka makahiki. Hoʻopau maikaʻi ʻia ka ʻili ma ka lihi o ka pāpale. ʻO ka pulp he pulupulu-like, keʻokeʻo, ʻalani-melemele ma lalo o ka ʻili, ʻeleʻele i ka ʻoki.
Hoʻohana hou ʻia kēia ʻaha ʻai ma kahi ʻōpala keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo (ma hope o ka hoʻolapalapa ʻana) a paʻakai. Ke hoʻolapalapa ʻia, ʻeleʻele ka ʻiʻo. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā ʻōpala ʻōpio me kahi kihi haʻahaʻa.
Ecology a me ka mahele ʻana:
Ke ulu nei ia ma nā ululāʻau deciduous (me ka birch) a me ka nahele pine-birch, ma waho o nā marshes, i loko o ka moss a me nā blueberries. Hoʻokumu i ka mycorrhiza me ka birch.
ʻO Russula uliuli-melemele (Russula cyanoxantha).
Ohana: Russula (Russulaceae)
Season: waena o Iune - hopena o Kepakemapa
Ulu: hoʻokahi a me nā hui
Description:
ʻO ka pāpale maloʻo a paʻa paha, ʻōmaʻomaʻo a ʻeleʻele paha i ke kikowaena, violet-gray, violet-purple a hina ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma ka ʻaoʻao. Wehe ʻia ka ʻili e 2/3 o ka radius o ka pāpale.
ʻO ka wāwae ka mānoanoa mua, a laila ʻaʻa, keʻokeʻo.
He keʻokeʻo ka ʻiʻo, i kekahi manawa me ka ʻulaʻula poni, ikaika, ʻaʻole caustic. ʻO nā papa he pinepine, ākea, i kekahi manawa lālā, siliki, keʻokeʻo. ʻO ka pulp ma ka wāwae he pulupulu.
ʻO ka maikaʻi o nā cheesecakes. Hoʻohana hou ʻia (ma hope o ka hoʻolapalapa ʻana), paʻakai a paʻakai.
Ecology a me ka mahele ʻana:
Ke ulu nei i nā ululāʻau deciduous a hui pū ʻia (me birch, oak, aspen).
ʻO Russula ke ahi-caustic (Russula emetica).
Ohana: Russula (Russulaceae)
Season: waena o Iulai – ʻOkakopa
Ulu: hoʻokahi a ma nā hui liʻiliʻi
Description:
ʻO ka pāpale he convex, kūlou, haʻahaʻa iki, paʻa, ʻālohilohi, ʻulaʻula. He poepoe ka papale o na halo opio.
He palupalu ka ʻiʻo, keʻokeʻo, ʻulaʻula ma lalo o ka ʻili, me ka ʻono wela. Hoʻopau maʻalahi ka ʻili.
Nā moʻolelo o ka alapine waena, ākea, pili a aneane manuahi. He cylindrical ka wāwae, palupalu, keʻokeʻo.
ʻAʻole hiki ke ʻai ʻia kēia ʻala liʻiliʻi ma muli o kona ʻono ʻawaʻawa. Wahi a kekahi mau hōʻike, hiki iā ia ke hōʻeha i ka gastrointestinal.
Ecology a me ka mahele ʻana:
Ke ulu nei ia ma nā ululāʻau deciduous a me nā coniferous, ma nā wahi pulu, kokoke i nā swamps.
Russula bile (Russula fellea).
Ohana: Russula (Russulaceae)
Season: Iune - Kepakemapa
Ulu: hoʻokahi a ma nā hui liʻiliʻi
Description:
ʻO ka pāpale he convex i ka mua, a laila semi-open, kaumaha i waenakonu, mauʻu-melemele. He laumā mua ka lihi o ka pāpale, a laila ʻoniʻoni.
ʻO ka ʻiʻo he melemele-keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele melemele, ʻono, ʻawaʻawa. ʻO nā papa e pili ana i ke kumu he pinepine, lahilahi, keʻokeʻo mua, a laila melemele māmā.
ʻO ka wāwae he ʻokoʻa, ʻoluʻolu, me kahi lua i ka wā ʻelemakule, keʻokeʻo, ʻōpala-melemele ma lalo. Hoʻopau maʻalahi ka peel ma nā kihi wale nō.
Kūʻē ka ʻike e pili ana i ka edibility. Wahi a kekahi mau hōʻike, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka paʻakai ma hope o ka lōʻihi o ka wai.
Ecology a me ka mahele ʻana:
Hoʻokumu i ka mycorrhiza me ka beech, emi pinepine me ka ʻoka, spruce a me nā ʻano lāʻau ʻē aʻe. Ua ulu ia ma nā ʻano ulu lāʻau ma nā ʻāina ʻakika i hoʻokahe ʻia, pinepine ma nā wahi puʻu a me nā mauna.
ʻO Russula palupalu (Russula fragilis).
Ohana: Russula (Russulaceae)
Season: waena o ʻAukake – ʻOkakopa
Ulu: hoʻokahi a ma nā hui liʻiliʻi
Description:
Paʻa liʻiliʻi nā papa, ʻano kakaʻikahi. ʻO ka pulp he keʻokeʻo, palupalu loa, me ka ʻono ʻono.
ʻO ka pāpale he poni a poni-ʻulaʻula, i kekahi manawa ʻoliva ʻōmaʻomaʻo a i ʻole melemele māmā, convex a kaumaha paha.
He keʻokeʻo ka wāwae, palupalu, ʻano lāʻau iki.
Kūʻē ka ʻike e pili ana i ka edibility. Wahi a ka ʻikepili home, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka paʻakai ma hope o ka hoʻolapalapa ʻana me ka hoʻokahe ʻana i ka hupa. Manaʻo ʻia ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻai ʻia ma nā kumu komohana.
Ecology a me ka mahele ʻana:
Ke ulu nei ia i nā ululāʻau coniferous a me ka deciduous (me ka birch), ma nā wahi wai, ma nā ʻaoʻao, ma nā lāʻau.
Maire's russula (Russula mairei), mea ʻawaʻawa.
Ohana: Russula (Russulaceae).
Season: kauwela lō
Ulu: hui a hoʻokahi wale nō
Description:
ʻO ka pulupulu he ʻeleʻele, palupalu, keʻokeʻo ke kala, me ka ʻala o ka meli a i ʻole ka niu.
ʻO ka pāpale he ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula, convex a pālahalaha paha, pili i ka wā pulu.
He laumania ka wāwae, keʻokeʻo, ʻano lāʻau iki. ʻO nā papa he ʻano kakaikahi, palupalu, pili liʻiliʻi, keʻokeʻo me ka polū.
ʻO ka mea ʻona loa o ka russula; hoʻopilikia i ka ʻōpū.
Ecology a me ka mahele ʻana:
Ke ulu nei ia ma nā ululāʻau deciduous a hui pū ʻia ma nā lau hāʻule a me nā kumu popopo, ma ka lepo wai. Hoʻolaha nui ʻia ma nā ululāʻau beech o ʻEulopa a me nā ʻāpana pili o Asia.
ʻO Russula pale buffy (Russula ochroleuca).
Ohana: Russula (Russulaceae)
Season: hopena o ʻAukake – ʻOkakopa
Ulu: hoʻokahi a me nā hui
Description:
He laumania ka pāpale, ʻoker-melemele, convex, a laila kūlou.
ʻO ka pulp he ʻeleʻele, palupalu, keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele iki i ka ʻokiʻoki, me kahi ʻono pungent.
ʻO ke kumu he ʻano barela, ikaika, keʻokeʻo, me kahi ʻulaʻula. Huli hina ke kumu o ke kumu me ka makahiki. Pili nā papa, pinepine pinepine, keʻokeʻo.
ʻO ka halo ʻai ʻia. Hoʻohana hou (ma hope o ka paila ʻana) a paʻakai.
Ecology a me ka mahele ʻana:
Ke ulu nei kēia halo ma luna o kahi ʻōpala lahilahi me ka ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula i loko o nā ululāʻau coniferous (spruce) a me ka lau ākea (me ka birch, oak), i loko o ka moss a me ka ʻōpala. He mea maʻamau ia ma nā ʻāpana hema o ka nahele.
ʻO Russula marsh (Russula paludosa).
Ohana: Russula (Russulaceae)
Season: waena o Iulai – ʻOkakopa
Ulu: hoʻokahi a me nā hui
Description:
He ʻiʻo ka pāpale, convex, hoʻohaʻahaʻa iki i ke kikowaena, me kahi ʻaoʻao blunt. Hoʻopili nāwaliwali nā papa, pinepine, i kekahi manawa lālā, keʻokeʻo a i ʻole nā buffy.
He maloʻo ka ʻili o ka pāpale, ʻulaʻula ʻeleʻele i waenakonu, ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula ma ka lihi. He keʻokeʻo ka pulp, paʻa i loko o nā ʻōpala ʻōpio, a laila wehe, me kahi ʻala hua.
He ʻano lāʻau ka wāwae a i ʻole fusiform, paʻakikī, i kekahi manawa ʻāwaha, manaʻo, ʻulaʻula a keʻokeʻo paha.
ʻAi ʻai. Hoʻohana hou (ma hope o ka paila ʻana) a paʻakai.
Ecology a me ka mahele ʻana:
Ke ulu nei ia i loko o nā ululāʻau coniferous (me ka pine) a me ka hui ʻana (pine-birch), ma nā wahi wai, ma waho o nā puʻu, ma nā ʻāina one-peat, i ka moss, i nā blueberries.
Russula kaikamahine (Russula puellaris).
Ohana: Russula (Russulaceae)
Season: waena o ʻAukake – ʻOkakopa
Ulu: hui a hoʻokahi wale nō
Description:
He palupalu ka ʻiʻo, keʻokeʻo a melemele paha. ʻO ka pāpale he convex mua, a laila kūlou, i kekahi manawa hoʻohaʻahaʻa iki, melemele a ʻeleʻele paha. ʻO ka lihi o ka pāpale he lahilahi, ribbed.
Hoʻonui iki ʻia ka ʻōpala i ke kumu, paʻa, a laila ʻāwīwī, palupalu, keʻokeʻo a melemele paha.
ʻO nā papa he pinepine, lahilahi, pili, keʻokeʻo, a laila melemele.
ʻAi ʻai. Hoʻohana hou (ma hope o ka paila ʻana).
Ecology a me ka mahele ʻana:
Ulu ma ka coniferous a kakaikahi ma na ululaau deciduous.
Russula Turkish (Russula turci).
Ohana: Russula (Russulaceae)
Season: Iulai-ʻOkakopa
Ulu: hoʻokahi a me nā hui
Description:
ʻO ka pāpale he wainaʻulaʻula,ʻeleʻele aʻalani paha,'ālohilohi. ʻO ke ʻano o ka pāpale he hemispherical mua, a laila kaumaha. Hoʻopili nā papa, ʻokoʻa, keʻokeʻo a melemele paha.
He ʻano lāʻau ka wāwae, keʻokeʻo.
He palupalu ka pulp, keʻokeʻo me ka ʻala hua.
ʻAi ʻai.
Ecology a me ka mahele ʻana:
Loaʻa ia ma nā ululāʻau coniferous mauna o ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika ʻĀkau. Hoʻokumu i ka mycorrhiza me ka pine a me ka fir.
ʻAi Russula (Russula vesca).
Ohana: Russula (Russulaceae)
Season: waena o Iulai - hopena o Kepakemapa
Ulu: hoʻokahi a ma nā hui liʻiliʻi
Description:
ʻO ka pāpale he pālahalaha-convex, ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula, ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele ʻole. ʻO nā papa he pinepine, o ka lōʻihi like, keʻokeʻo a melemele paha.
ʻO ke kumu, paʻa, ʻokiʻoki i ke kumu, keʻokeʻo. ʻAʻole hiki i kaʻili i ka 1-2 mm i ka lihi o ka pāpale, ua weheʻia i ka hapalua.
ʻO ka pulp he keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele, non-caustic a i ʻole ke ʻono ʻono. ʻO nā papa he pinepine, pili liʻiliʻi, keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, i kekahi manawa he lālā lālā.
ʻO kekahi o nā ʻuala ʻono loa. Hoʻohana hou ʻia (ma hope o ka hoʻolapalapa ʻana) i nā papa ʻelua, paʻakai, pickled, maloʻo.
Ecology a me ka mahele ʻana:
Ke ulu nei ia i nā ululāʻau deciduous a ākea (me ka birch, oak), liʻiliʻi pinepine i ka coniferous, i nā wahi mālamalama, i ka mauʻu.
Russula virescens (Russula virescens).
Ohana: Russula (Russulaceae)
Season: waena o Iulai - waena o ʻOkakopa
Ulu: hoʻokahi a me nā hui
Description:
He keʻokeʻo ke kumu, me nā unahi ʻeleʻele ma ke kumu.
ʻO ka pāpale he ʻiʻo, matte, melemele a i ʻole uliuli-'ōmaʻomaʻo, i loko o nā ʻōpala ʻōpio hemispherical. Kūlou ka pāpale o nā halo makua. ʻAʻole wehe ʻia ka ʻili, māwae pinepine.
ʻO ka pulp he keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele, non-caustic a i ʻole ke ʻono ʻono. ʻO nā papa he pinepine, pili liʻiliʻi, keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, ʻokiʻoki i kekahi manawa.
ʻO kekahi o nā ʻuala ʻono loa. Hoʻohana hou (ma hope o ka paila ʻana), paʻakai, pickled, maloʻo.
Ecology a me ka mahele ʻana:
Ke ulu nei i nā ululāʻau deciduous, hui ʻia (me ka birch, oak), ma nā wahi mālamalama. Hoʻolaha ʻia ma nā ʻāpana hema o ka nahele.
Brown Russula (Russula xerampelina).
Ohana: Russula (Russulaceae)
Season: waena o Iulai – ʻOkakopa
Ulu: hoʻokahi a ma nā hui liʻiliʻi
Description:
He ākea ka pāpale, burgundy, ʻeleʻele a ʻoliva paha ke kala, ʻeleʻele ke kikowaena.
He keʻokeʻo ka ʻiʻo, huli ʻeleʻele ma ka ʻokiʻoki, me kahi ʻala a i ʻole herring. Pili nā papa, keʻokeʻo, huli ʻeleʻele me ka makahiki.
He keʻokeʻo ke kumu, i kekahi manawa me ka ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula, lilo i ocher a ʻeleʻele paha me ka makahiki. He hemispherical nā pāpale o nā halo ʻōpio.
Hoʻohana ʻia ia i ka paʻakai, pickled, i kekahi manawa hou (ma hope o ka hoʻolapalapa ʻana e wehe i kahi ʻala maikaʻi ʻole).
Ecology a me ka mahele ʻana:
Ke ulu nei ia ma nā ululāʻau coniferous (pine a me ka spruce), deciduous (birch a me oak).
ʻO nā halo lohi ʻē aʻe
Podgruzdok keʻokeʻo (Russula delica).
Ohana: Russula (Russulaceae)
Season: waena o Iulai – ʻOkakopa
Ulu: i nā hui
Description:
He convex ka pāpale i ka wā mua, keʻokeʻo, lilo ke ʻano funnel me ka makahiki, i kekahi manawa pohā. ʻO nā papa he decurrent, haiki, keʻokeʻo me kahi ʻulaʻula-ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
ʻOkoʻa ka wāwae, keʻokeʻo, liʻiliʻi iki ma lalo a ʻeleʻele iki.
He keʻokeʻo ka pulp, ʻeleʻele, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻai ʻia.
ʻO kahi haloʻai maikaʻi, hoʻohana ʻia i ka paʻakai (ma hope o ka hoʻolapalapa ʻana).
Ecology a me ka mahele ʻana:
ʻO kēia mushroom me kahi ʻōpala lōʻihi lōʻihi e ulu ana i nā ululāʻau deciduous a hui pū ʻia (me ka birch, aspen, oak), liʻiliʻi pinepine i ka coniferous (me ka spruce). ʻO kahi ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka pōʻai ola o ke kino hua e hana ʻia ma lalo o ka lepo; ʻike ʻia nā puʻupuʻu ma ka ʻili.
Podgrudok ʻeleʻele (Russula nigricans).
Ohana: Russula (Russulaceae)
Season: waena o Iulai – ʻOkakopa
Ulu: i nā hui
Description:
Hoʻopili ʻia ka pāpale ma ke kikowaena, ʻeleʻele i ka wā ʻōpio, a laila brownish. He ʻuʻuku nā papa, mānoanoa, pili, melemele, a laila ʻeleʻele, a ma hope kokoke ʻeleʻele.
He ʻulaʻula mua ka ʻiʻo o ka ʻoki ʻia, a laila ʻeleʻele, ʻala ka hua, ʻoi ka ʻono.
Paʻa ka wāwae, i ka māmā mua, a laila ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele.
ʻO ka halo ʻai ʻia. Hoʻohana ʻia ka paʻakai ma hope o ka hoʻolapalapa ʻana no 20 mau minuke. ʻeleʻele i ka paʻakai.
Ecology a me ka mahele ʻana:
Ke ulu nei i loko o nā ululāʻau coniferous (me ka spruce), hui pū ʻia, deciduous a me ka lau ākea (me ka birch, oak)
Valui (Russula foetens).
Ohana: Russula (Russulaceae)
Season: hoʻomaka o Iulai – ʻOkakopa
Ulu: hoʻokahi a ma nā hui liʻiliʻi
Description:
ʻO ka pāpale o nā ʻōpio ʻōpio he aneane spherical, me kahi kihi i kaomi ʻia i ke kumu, mucous. He convex ka pāpale, i kekahi manawa kūlou a kaumaha i ka waena, tuberculate, me kahi lihi, maloʻo a paʻa iki paha, ʻeleʻele. ʻAi pinepine ʻia ka pāpale e nā ʻōpala a me nā slugs. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao o ka pāpale ua paʻa paʻa, ʻaʻa i kekahi manawa.
Ua pehu ka wāwae a i ʻole cylindrical, ʻoki pinepine i ke kumu, keʻokeʻo, melemele, ʻeleʻele ma ke kumu. ʻIke pinepine ʻia nā kulu o kahi wai aniani a me nā wahi ʻeleʻele ma nā papa ma hope o ka maloʻo ʻana. He kakaikahi nā papa, ʻokiʻoki, ʻoki pinepine, pili, melemele. loaʻa i kahi hoʻolālā kelepona.
ʻO ka pulp he paʻakikī, paʻakikī, keʻokeʻo, a laila melemele, i loko o nā halo makua he palupalu, me ka ʻala herring a me ka ʻono ʻawaʻawa. I loko o nā halo ʻoʻo, hana ʻia kahi lua i loko o ka wāwae.
ʻO ka halo ʻai ʻia; manaʻo ʻia ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻai ʻia ma ke Komohana. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻohi ʻia nā ʻōpio ʻōpio me kahi pāpale i wehe ʻole ʻia me ke anawaena ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 6 cm. Wehe ʻia ka ʻili mai ka waiwai a ma hope o ka hoʻoulu ʻana no 2-3 mau lā a hoʻolapalapa no 20-25 mau minuke. paʻakai, kākaʻikahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.
Ecology a me ka mahele ʻana:
Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia ʻano ʻala ʻulaʻula i ka mycorrhiza me nā lāʻau coniferous a me nā lāʻau deciduous. Ke ulu nei ia ma nā ululāʻau deciduous, hui pū ʻia (me ka birch), liʻiliʻi pinepine i ka coniferous, ma ka lihi o ka nahele, ma nā ʻaoʻao, ma ka mauʻu a me ka litter. Makemake ʻo ia i nā wahi malu a pulu. He mea maʻamau ia i nā ululāʻau ma Eurasia a me ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, ma ko mākou ʻāina he mea maʻamau ia ma ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa, ka Caucasus, Western Siberia a me ka Hikina mamao.