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ʻO ke kanu ʻana i nā halo ma ka pūnaewele ma ke kanu ʻana i kahi kumulāʻau me ka mycorrhiza kahi ala maikaʻi loa e kiʻi ai i kahi kanu ʻai ma kāu dacha. Ma kahi o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e ʻike ʻia nā halo kūpono no ka ʻai ʻana i kou hale kauwela, e loaʻa nō hoʻi ʻoe i kahi kihi kiʻi nani. Ma ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka mycorrhiza mushroom, hiki ke ulu ʻia nā halo e like me chanterelles, boletus, nā halo waiū, nā halo a me nā makana ulu lāʻau ʻē aʻe ma kahi pā pilikino.
Pehea e kanu ai i nā halo i loko o ka hale kauwela: ka aila hānai
I kekahi manawa, hiki i nā wahi ʻala hua hua - nā kope, nā ʻaoʻao, nā mea kanu ma ke alanui, i ulu nui ʻia me nā lāʻau ulu lāʻau pilikia - hāʻule koke i loko o ka ʻāpana o ka hoʻohana waiwai. Inā ʻike ʻoe ua hoʻoweliweli ka hoʻopau ʻana i kēlā wahi ʻala, a laila he manaʻo maikaʻi e hoʻoneʻe i ka kumu mycorrhiza i kāu māla. No laila hiki iā ʻoe ke hānai i nā halo he nui ma ka pūnaewele, ʻo ka mea nui ke koho i kahi kūpono no lākou i ka māla.
Ma ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa o ko mākou ʻāina, ʻelua mau ʻano ʻaila hinu ka mea maʻamau: oiler maoli (He puaʻa melemele) a me ka mea ʻaila granular (ʻO ka puaʻa granulated). ʻO ka maikaʻi o ka ʻaila granular no ka ulu ʻana ma ka pūnaewele ʻo ia ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā hua kiʻekiʻe, ma lalo o ka pine mai Mei a hiki i ka hopena o ka hāʻule. Hiki ke ulu ka pehu ma lalo o nā paina ʻōpio. Hāʻawi lākou i ka hua ma waena o ka mauʻu, me ka hōʻole ʻole i ka pono o ka lau nahele. Ke ulu nei kēia mau halo i loko o kahi hale kauwela, ʻaʻole pilikia ka mycelium i ka wā e ʻoki ai i ka lau nahele.
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ʻO kekahi o nā ala hilinaʻi loa e ulu ai i nā fungi mycorrhizal i loko o ka māla ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana i kahi lāʻau liʻiliʻi ma lalo o kahi e ulu ai ka haʻiki i makemake ʻia. Ke ulu nei nā halo ma ka pūnaewele, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka hua i loko o kekahi mau makahiki. ʻO kahi ʻaila granular ka mea kūpono loa no kēia ʻano hana. Hoʻohua kēia mea ʻaila mai Mei a i ka hopena o Kepakemapa a hāʻawi i ka ʻohi nui. Makemake ʻo ia i ka lepo calcareous, i koho ʻia no ke kanu ʻana. ʻAʻole ulu wale ka butterdish i ka ululāʻau, akā ma ka lihi o ka ululāʻau i loko o ka wahi o nā paina lūlū ponoʻī, kahi e ulu ai ka mauʻu a he liʻiliʻi nā halo ʻē aʻe e hiki ke hoʻokūkū me ia. Ulu koke nā lāʻau pine i kālai ʻia i loko o ka māla.
Ma mua o ka ulu ʻana i kēlā mau ʻala ma ka pūnaewele, i ka ʻāpana o ka kanu ʻana i nā pines ma kahi māla mua, pono e maka mua i nā kumulāʻau me ka hua nui o ka mea ʻaila granular. I ka wā o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana, ua ʻeli ʻia nā paina me ka ʻole o ka lepo lepo. ʻO ka lāʻau pine mua, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o hoʻokahi mika ka nui, ua kanu ʻia i kahi lā manuahi ma waena o ka mauʻu mauʻu a me nā kumu lāʻau berry i ke kauwela o 2000. Ua hoʻoinu ʻia ka lau me ka hose i ka wā maloʻo. Uaʻikeʻia nā halo mua i ka hale kauwela i ke kauwela o 2004, akā heʻuʻuku kaʻohi. I ka makahiki 2005, ua hua pinepine ka ipu pata i ke kauwela. I ka makahiki 2006, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka nalu mua o nā halo huaʻai ma ka māla i nā lā hoʻomaha o Mei 9, ʻo ka lua - ma Mei 30, a ua ʻike pinepine ʻia nā lele lele me ka pinepine o ʻekolu pule a hiki i ka hopena o Kepakemapa.
Ke ulu nei nā halo i loko o ka hale kauwela, mālama ʻia kahi mea kanu aila i ka hoʻoinu mau ʻana i ka lau ma lalo o nā pine. Pono e hoʻopaʻa ʻia kēia wahi i ka pa me ka ʻili iʻa haʻahaʻa e pale ai i ka hehi ʻana. ʻOi aku ka makemake o nā mea ʻaila e kū kokoke i nā lāʻau, nā pou pā a me nā mea keakea ʻē aʻe i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka mycelium.
I ka manawa mai 2007 a 2010, i ka wā e ulu ana i nā halo, ua hoʻololi ʻia nā lāʻau pine me kahi kīʻaha momona momona a me kahi kīʻaha pata maoli i ka māla. Ke ulu nei nā mea ʻaila granular i kēlā me kēia makahiki, a he mau manawa wale nō i ʻike ʻia ai nā ʻano hoʻohālike o ka mea ʻaila maoli. Ma muli paha o ke ʻano calcareous o ka lepo ma ke kahua.
Pehea e hoʻoulu ai i nā halo saffron i loko o kahi māla hale kauwela
I ka pre-revolutionary ʻO ko mākou ʻāina, he mea maʻamau ka hoʻonani ʻana i nā ala o ka ʻāina me nā lāʻau kaʻa i ʻeli ʻia ma nā wahi i hua ʻia ai nā halo i ka nahele. No ke aha ʻaʻole mākou e hoʻihoʻi i kēia kuʻuna? Hoʻololi i kahi kumulāʻau Kalikimaka me ka mycorrhiza spruce camelina (Maʻu mākou i ka waiu) e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ka hua makahiki o kēia ululāʻau ma ka pūnaewele a hoʻonani i ka māla.
Spruce camelina - kahi ʻala maikaʻi loa me kahi hiʻohiʻona maʻemaʻe ma ka pāpale ma ke ʻano o nā apo o ke kala kāloti ʻōmaʻomaʻo me kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻOiai inā ulu nā halo i kahi ululāʻau kokoke, he mea kūpono ke hoʻolaha i kēia mau halo ma ka pūnaewele me kou mau lima ponoʻī, no ka mea hiki ke hōʻiliʻili ʻia i ke kakahiaka ke ʻike koke lākou. He mea koʻikoʻi kēia no ka mea e ulu ana ka spruce mushroom i ke kauwela a hoʻopōʻino koke ʻia e nā pepeke.
Hoʻokumu i ka mycorrhiza me ka pine kāmele kāmele (He kanaka waiu maikaʻi). ʻOi aku ka nui o ka pine camelina ma mua o ka spruce a ʻaʻole liʻiliʻi ka waihoʻoluʻu. Hoʻohua ʻo ia i ka hopena o ka hāʻule ma lalo o nā lāʻau paina ma ka lepo pōhaku. No laila, i kekahi mau makahiki, i ke anuanu, hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻiliʻili i kahi hīnaʻi piha o nā pāpale waiū saffron non-worming.
I ka manawa like, e ulu ana ka mushroom Chroogomphus rutilus ma laila, makemake nui i ka lepo calcareous a hana i ka mycorrhiza me ka pine. He ʻano ʻano chanterelle, ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele me nā papa poni-violet. Makemake kekahi poʻe ʻohi halo i ka ʻono ʻono o ka mokruha.
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ʻOhi ʻia ka camelina maikaʻi i ka nui o Sepatemaba ma nā ulu paina ʻōpio. Ma kahi i hoʻopuni ʻia ai nā māla mahiʻai ʻole e nā ululāʻau paina, puka mai nā ulu lāʻau paʻa. Ulu nā halo Pine ma ia mau ulu lāʻau. Ma nā ʻāina limestone ma lalo o nā lāʻau paina, ʻohi mua ʻia ka ʻaila, a laila ʻike ʻia ka mokruha a me nā halo ma laila.
Pehea e ulu ai i nā halo saffron i loko o ka māla? ʻO ke ala maʻalahi ke hoʻololi i nā lāʻau paina ʻōpiopio mai kahi ulu paina. Aʻa maikaʻi nā pine, ʻoiai inā e ʻeli ʻia lākou me ka ʻole o ka lepo. Ma kahi kokoke i kahi hua o ka camelina, aia nā pine a pau i kona mycorrhiza ma nā aʻa. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā halo i loko o kekahi mau makahiki, ʻoiai ma mua o ka ʻaila ʻana. Akā, inā hiki i ka mea ʻaila ke ulu nui a hua i ka hua ma ka lau nahele ma lalo o kahi paina ʻokoʻa i kanu ʻia e hoʻonani i ka māla, a laila makemake ka camelina i ka ulu paina a me ka mauʻu ʻoki ʻole ʻia.
I ka ulu ʻana i nā halo i loko o kahi ʻāpana pilikino ma hope o ke kanu ʻana i nā pine 2-3 mau makahiki me ka saffron mycorrhiza mai ka ulu lāʻau, ʻike ʻia nā halo i ka makahiki aʻe. ʻAʻole loaʻa iā ʻoe ka ʻohi nui, akā ʻo kā mākou mau halo e lilo i hōʻailona e hōʻiliʻili iā lākou i ka nahele.
ʻAʻole ʻawaʻawa ka wai waiu ʻalani ʻalani o nā halo. ʻAʻole ʻawaʻawa ʻo Ryzhik a kūpono no ka ʻai ʻana i kēlā me kēia ʻano.
Ke ulu nei i nā halo chanterelle ma hope
Ua lūlū ʻia nā haʻani mycorrhizal ʻē aʻe mele mele (ʻO Chanterelle cibarius) a me nā halo waiu maloʻo. Hōʻike pinepine ʻia nā Chanterelles i nā māla māla i mua o nā lāʻau ma laila. Ma ʻEulopa, a ma ko mākou ʻāina, makemake nui ka poʻe i nā chanterelles i nā halo ʻē aʻe. Aia nā kumu no kēlā. I ka wā o ka mushroom, ulu mau nā chanterelles a ma nā wahi āpau, ʻoiai i kahi makahiki maloʻo. He melemele ʻulaʻula lākou - he maʻalahi ke loaʻa a hiki ke ʻohi nui ʻia. Mālama maikaʻi ʻia nā Chanterelles ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, ʻaʻole lākou e hāʻule a wāwahi paha i loko o kahi ʻeke. ʻO kēia kekahi o nā kumu i hoʻokumu ʻia ai kā lākou hōʻiliʻili a kūʻai.
Pehea e kanu ai i nā halo chanterelles ma ka pā? No ka hana ʻana i kēia, hoʻololi i ka māla i kahi lāʻau kokoke i ʻike ʻia ʻo Cantharellus cibarius i ka nahele.
ʻOiai ʻo ka poʻe ʻike ʻole i nā halo, ʻike lākou ʻaʻole ʻona nā chanterelles. ʻO kekahi kumu ʻo ka moʻolelo e pili ana i kā lākou mau mea ho'ōla a ʻaʻole lākou e hōʻiliʻili i nā mea ʻino. Akā he moʻolelo wale nō kēia, no ka mea, ma ke ʻano o nā pono olakino a i ʻole ka pōʻino, ʻokoʻa iki nā chanterelles mai nā mea ʻai mycorrhizal ʻē aʻe. ʻO ko lākou ʻono ʻono, nāwaliwali ko lākou ʻono a me ka ʻala, ʻoiai he ʻala. He maikaʻi lākou i ka skillet, no ka mea. ua ʻai liʻiliʻi lākou, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka kuke ʻana me nā halo ʻē aʻe.
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Pehea e hoʻolaha ai i nā halo i loko o ka māla māla: ulu i nā halo
ʻO ka umauma maloʻo, ka pahūpahū, a i ʻole podgruzdok keʻokeʻo (ʻO Russula delica) aneane ʻaʻohe ʻawaʻawa, ʻaʻohe wai waiu. He keʻokeʻo ka ʻiʻo me ka ʻono, ʻono iki. ʻAʻole makemake nā kānaka a pau i kona ʻawaʻawa, akā ma hope o ka paʻakai a hoʻolapalapa ʻia e nalowale. He kūpono ia no kēlā me kēia kīʻaha, a ma ka pickling ua aneane like ia me ka ʻala maoli. He nui ka poʻe ma Moscow e manaʻo iā ia he ukana maoli, ʻaʻole ia he ʻoiaʻiʻo.
No laila ʻaʻole e hina nā papa palupalu o ka halo ma mua o ka kuke ʻana, pono e hoʻopau ʻia. Loaʻa i kekahi manawa ma nā māla māla me ka birch. ʻO kāna drawback nui ʻo ka worminess ikaika o nā halo. He kakaikahi ka poʻe i ʻike i ka hāʻawi ʻana o ka umauma maloʻo i ka nalu ikaika o ka hua ʻana i ka hopena o ka hāʻule ʻana, i ia manawa ʻoiai nā ʻano nui loa e noho ʻole i ka wormy.
Inā hānai ʻoe i kēia mau halo i loko o kahi pā e like me ka ululāʻau a hana i nā kūlana no ka hua ʻana, i ka hāʻule hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻiliʻili i nā halo waiu no ka paʻakai. I ka hoʻomākaukauʻana i nā mea kanu, hiki keʻikeʻiaʻaʻole e noho maikaʻi nā spores o ka mushroom waiu maloʻo, e like me nā spores o nā chanterelles. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o nā spores me ka pulp.
A pehea e hānai ai i nā halo i loko o ka māla māla ʻoiaʻiʻo nā halo waiū (He kanaka mahiai waiu makou) a me ka pōʻeleʻele (lactarius necator)? E hana maikaʻi me ka birch. Waiu maoli (He kanaka mahiai waiu makou) ʻo ia ke aliʻi o nā halo i ka ʻono. He keʻokeʻo kēia, a laila, ʻaʻahu ʻaʻaʻa liʻiliʻi me ka ʻaoʻao pāpale haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka pulp he ʻeleʻele, palupalu, me kahi ʻala ʻoluʻolu. Huli melemele ka wai caustic keʻokeʻo i ka lewa.
ʻO nā halo waiu maoli, paʻakai anu, loaʻa kahi ʻano ʻoluʻolu a me ka ʻono. Lawe ʻia nā halo waiu paʻakai i uhi ʻia me ka wai e like me ka jelly mai loko mai o ka pahu me kahi kī. He liʻiliʻi nā mea e hoʻohālikelike ai iā lākou ma ke ʻano he appetizer! Ma nā puʻu o nā Urals ma Bashkiria, i ka wā o ka hōʻiliʻili nui ʻana i nā halo, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kahi bākeke o ka ʻuala ma mua o ka bākeke ʻuala. Akā naʻe, ʻo ka mea pōʻino, ma ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa o ko mākou ʻāina, ʻike pinepine ʻia ka umauma maoli a i nā mea liʻiliʻi.
Akā i loko o nā māla māla o ka ʻāina ʻo Moscow, kahi i loaʻa ai nā lāʻau birch a me ka lepo maʻemaʻe, ʻike ʻia i kekahi manawa umauma ʻeleʻele (lactarius necator). I nā ʻāina ulu lāʻau, ulu pinepine ka milkweed nui - ka mea hoʻokani pila (He mahiai waiu). He ʻono a ʻawaʻawa hoʻi ka violin. ʻAʻole ʻoluʻolu kēia ʻawaʻawa i ka ʻono ʻoiai ma hope o ka wai lōʻihi.
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Pehea e ulu ai i nā halo ʻē aʻe ma ka māla
A pehea e hoʻolaha ai i nā halo o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe ma ka pūnaewele? Hiki ke hana pinepine ʻia ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā birches a me nā ʻoka ʻōpio me ka mycorrhiza fungus keʻokeʻo, akā ʻo ka hopena ke ʻano o nā fungi mycorrhizal ʻē aʻe ma lalo o nā birches. Ma mua o ka ulu ʻana i nā halo porcini i loko o kahi hale kauwela, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻeli ʻana i nā birches a me nā ʻoka me kahi lepo lepo a me kahi boletus ma kahi coma. No laila ʻaʻohe kānalua e pili ana i ka hiki ʻana o ka mycorrhiza o ka haʻiki keʻokeʻo ma nā aʻa.
Ma lalo o ʻelua birches i kēia makahiki, ua ulu nā halo waiū e hiki ke ʻai ʻia, e like me nā halo waiū. ia lactic zonal (ʻO Lactarius zonarius). He ʻono kona ʻono akā ʻoluʻolu. He wai waiu liʻiliʻi. ʻO kēia mushroom nani me ka pulp paʻa i kūpono no ka pickling ma ke ʻano anu.
Boletus spruce (Moena pine) ua lawe pololei ʻia ma nā aʻa o ka lāʻau Kalikimaka mai nā kapa o Western Dvina. Ua aʻa ka lāʻau. ʻAʻohe halo i kēia manawa. Ke ulu nei i loko o ka māla a me kekahi mau aspens me mycorrhiza ʻulaʻula boletus (He moena ʻalani). A hiki i kēia manawa ʻaʻohe hua.
ʻO ka ʻike kūleʻa o ka ulu ʻana i ka ringworm ma kahi moena o nā ʻāpana lāʻau ua hoʻoulu i ka hoihoi i nā halo ulu lāʻau ʻē aʻe e ulu ana ma ka papahele o ka nahele.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi loa o lākou:
- ʻono loa a kaulana hoʻi lālani poni (Lepista olohelohe), ulu i ka hāʻule ma luna o nā ʻōpala i nā ululāʻau coniferous;
- like loa me ia lepo ka hoe (Lepista sordid);
- ʻoyster mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii), keʻokeʻo i ka waihoʻoluʻu, ua kapa ʻia ʻo "boletus" no ka mea ua like kona ʻano a me ke ʻano me kahi haʻo keʻokeʻo;
- halo mauʻu (volvariella volvacea), ulu maikaʻi ma ka mauʻu ma nā wela kiʻekiʻe.
I kekahi manawa, ulu pū nā halo, i manaʻo ʻia he humic, ma ka pā.
Eia kekahi lā,ʻo champignon wahie (ʻO Agaricus silvicola) a me ka aukuka champignon (Agaricus Augustus), i ulu i ka makahiki 2013 ma ka mulch chip willow nona iho. Ma 2013 a me 2014, ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka pua apo i ka hua ʻana i Kepakemapa, ua ulu ʻo ia ma ka moena hoʻokahi. huikau willow (He papa willow). He ʻono ʻano ʻano ʻano o ka ʻōhiʻa i hoʻolapalapa ʻia. Maikaʻi nō hoʻi ka kuha willow fried!
A pehea e hānai ai i nā halo e like me umbrella waihoʻoluʻu nui (Procera Macrolepiota) a me ka laina maʻamau (ʻO Gyromitra esculenta)? Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻolaha me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana o ka ulu ʻana i nā halo litter.
Akā ʻo ka mea makemake loa a ʻoi loa ka ʻono humus hoe wāwae ʻulaʻula (lepista personata). Hiki paha i ka wā e hiki mai ana ke ulu i kekahi mau halo lāʻau ma luna o kahi moena o nā ʻāpana lāʻau.
It ʻo ke kauwela meli agaric (Kuenheromyces mutabilus) a me ka laina hāʻule (E hoʻonui i ka gyrometer).
Hoihoi pū kekahi halo inika (Coprinus atramentarius), ka mea e hoʻonanea i ka waiʻona ma ke kāohi ʻana i nā enzyme e hoʻoheheʻe ai i ka waiʻona.
I kēia manawa ua ʻike ʻoe pehea e ulu ai i nā halo nahele ma ka pūnaewele, ʻo ia ka manawa e hana ai!