Contents
Hiki i nā poʻe hoʻomaka ke ulu i nā halo oyster ma nā ʻano ʻelua: ākea (ma nā kumu a i ʻole nā ʻoki lāʻau) a me ka ikaika (i loko o nā ʻeke a i ʻole nā mea ʻē aʻe i loko o ka hale). Ua hana ʻia nā ʻenehana ʻelua no ka ulu ʻana i nā halo ʻoyster i nā kikoʻī liʻiliʻi loa i ka wā o nā makahiki he nui o ka ʻike, no laila e loaʻa ka mahi ʻana i kēia mau huaʻai a hiki i ka poʻe mahiʻai kamaʻāina ʻike ʻole.
'Oyster mushroom, a 'oyster mushroom, he halo nui loa me ka pāpale 'ele'ele, ma'amau ka hina a 'ele'ele paha me nā aka waena, e ulu ana a hiki i 200 mm ke anawaena. I ka wā lōʻihi, e maʻalahi ka pāpale. He keʻokeʻo a i ʻole ka ʻulaʻula nā papa ʻāhiʻo oyster, e hoʻololi mālie i kahi wāwae ʻeleʻele a paʻakikī, no kēia kumu ʻaʻole ʻai ʻia.
E aʻo ʻoe e pili ana i ka ulu ʻana i nā halo ʻoyster i loko o nā ʻeke a me nā kumu ma ka heluhelu ʻana i kēia mea.
ʻO nā ʻano hana nui a koʻikoʻi o ka ulu ʻana i nā halo ʻoyster
Loaʻa ʻia kēia haʻuki ma nā lāʻau paʻa make, a no laila ʻaʻole pilikia i nā lāʻau ola i loko o ka māla. Ma ke ʻano maʻamau, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka ulu nui o nā halo oyster ma luna o ka lāʻau, ʻo kēlā me kēia o ia mea he 30 mau halo pākahi, aʻo ka nui o ka ulu ʻana he 2-3 kg.
Ke ulu nui nei ka ʻoyster mushroom i nā kūlana kūlohelohe a ma waena o ko mākou ʻāina, hiki ke ʻohi ʻia nā halo i ke kauwela āpau a me ka hāʻule, a hiki ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hua i ʻAukake - ʻOkakopa (ua hoʻoholo ʻia nā lā kikoʻī e ka ea wela).
ʻOkoʻa loa ka mahi ʻana i nā ʻōhiʻo oyster ma mua o ka mahi ʻana i nā champignons, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka ʻino o ko lākou ʻono. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole nalowale lākou ma muli o ka maloʻo ʻana a i ʻole pickling.
ʻO ka pinepine, kūʻai ʻia nā mea kanu - sterile oyster mushroom mycelium - no ka ulu ʻana i nā halo ma ka ʻaoʻao. Pono e hana ʻia kēia i ka pūnāwai a i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hāʻule, no ka mea, pono ia i nā mahana maikaʻi i ka wā o ka lawe ʻana. Ma mua o ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka mycelium, pono e mālama ʻia ma kahi mahana o 0 a 2 ° C, a laila e mālama ʻia kona mau waiwai āpau no 3-4 mau mahina, ʻoiai ma 18-20 ° C - hoʻokahi pule wale nō.
Pehea e ulu ai i nā halo oyster i loko a i ʻole ka ʻāina? Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻano o ka mahi ʻana i kēia mau haʻuki i ka nui a me ka ikaika.
Ma muli o ka hiki ke ulu maʻalahi kēia mushroom ma luna o ka lāʻau ʻōpala me ka ʻole o nā kumukūʻai waiwai nui, kaulana loa ke ʻano hana hoʻohua nui. Eia naʻe, ua hoʻolālā maikaʻi ʻia. Hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo ʻo ke ʻano nui, i kona maʻalahi, hilinaʻi a me nā kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no kahi hale kauwela. Ma mua o ka ulu ʻana o ka oats, ʻōlelo ʻia nā poʻe hoʻomaka e nānā i ke wikiō a heluhelu i ka palapala, e wehewehe ana i ka ʻenehana kaʻina hana.
ʻO ke ʻano kikoʻī o ke ʻano koʻikoʻi o ka ulu ʻana i nā halo oyster aia i ke ʻano o ka substrate i hoʻohana ʻia a me ka hiki ke ulu i nā halo i loko o kahi lumi i pani ʻia, no ka laʻana, kahi hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo a i ʻole kahi papa kukui me nā kūlana hoʻomalu. ʻO kahi manawa pōkole pōkole (2-2,5 mau mahina) e hana maikaʻi loa kēia ʻano no ka ulu ʻana i nā halo oyster i loko o ka hale, ma ke kua a me ka māla.
Ua hoʻomohala ʻia kēia ʻano hana ma Hungary, aʻo ko mākou ʻāina ua hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻia. Ua ʻike ʻia ua ulu maikaʻi ʻo oyster mushroom, a me Florida oyster mushroom (i hoʻololi ʻia no ka mahi ʻana ma ke ʻano koʻikoʻi), ulu maikaʻi ma luna o nā mea kanu e like me ka mauʻu, nā ʻili sunflower, nā ʻōpala kulina, nā ʻohe, etc.
Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka ʻōhiʻo e ulu ana ma ka mauʻu, nā ʻōpala pua, nā ʻōpala kulina, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka mea mua, e aʻo pehea e ulu ai i nā halo ʻoyster mai ka mycelium i kahi ala ākea.
ʻO ka ʻenehana nui o ka ulu ʻana i nā halo ʻoyster ma nā kumu i loko o ka hale ʻāina
Ma mua o ka ulu ʻana i nā halo oyster me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana nui, pono ʻoe e ʻimi i nā ʻāpana lāʻau e pono ai mai ka aspen, birch, poplar, etc. lōʻihi i loko o 300 mm a me ke anawaena o 150 mm a ma luna. Inā ʻoi aku ka lahilahi, a laila e emi ka hua. I mea e lawa pono ai ka lāʻau, a he mea pono kēia no ka ulu maʻamau o ka mycelium, mālama ʻia nā lāʻau i ka wai no 1-2 mau lā ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana.
No ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā halo oyster ma ka ʻāina, neʻe ʻia nā ʻōpala i kahi cellar, basement a i ʻole kekahi wahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka hopena o ka hoʻoilo a i ʻole ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pūnāwai, e kau i kekahi ma luna o kekahi, e hana ana i nā kolamu a hiki i 2 m ke kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka mea mua, ua uhi ʻia nā ʻaoʻao o luna o nā lāʻau me kahi papa o ka mycelium palaoa, ʻo ka mānoanoa o ia mai 10-20 mm a ʻoi aku. A laila kau ʻia kekahi ʻāpana lāʻau ma luna o kēia ʻāpana lāʻau, a ʻo ka hope o ia mea e mālama ʻia me ka mycelium. A laila, kau ʻia kahi ʻāpana ʻē aʻe, a pēlā aku. Lawe ʻia nā mea kanu i ka helu o 70-100 g i kēlā me kēia hopena.
Mai luna mai, uhi ʻia nā kolamu me ka mauʻu i mea e mālama ai i ka makū a hana i nā kūlana no ka hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻana o ka mycelium, a laila komo i loko o ka lāʻau. Ma kahi o ka mauʻu, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kekahi ʻano lole, no ka mea ʻaʻole kūpono ka polyethylene a me nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻē aʻe, no ka mea ʻaʻole lākou e ʻae i ka ea e hele i loko, pono ia no ka ulu ʻana i ka mycelium.
No ka ulu ʻana i nā halo ʻoyster, pono e hana ʻia kekahi mau kūlana: ma kahi mahana o 10-15 ° C, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mycelium oyster i ka lāʻau no 2-2,5 mau mahina. Pono e hoʻomāmā ka ea i loko o kēia lumi, akā e hana pono i ʻole e kau ka wai ma luna o ka lāʻau.
Inā ʻaʻole pono ka champignon i ka mālamalama no ka ulu maʻamau, a laila pono ka ʻōhiʻo oyster no ka hua ʻana. ʻO ka lua o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i kēia haʻuki ma waena o ko mākou ʻāina e hāʻule i Mei. Lawe ʻia nā ʻāpana lāʻau me ka mycelium sprouted i ka lewa ākea a hohonu i ka lepo e 100-150 mm. Hana ʻia nā lālani mai nā ʻāpana lāʻau ma lalo o ka uhi o nā kumulāʻau a i ʻole ma kekahi mau wahi malu. No ka ulu ʻana i nā halo ʻoyster ma nā kumu, hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i kahi aka me kahi canopy artificial māmā.
ʻO ka mamao ma waena o nā ʻāpana lāʻau i kau ʻia a ma waena o nā lālani he 350-500 mm.
I ka wā e ulu ai ma luna o nā ʻōpala, pono ka mālama pono ʻana o nā ʻōpala oyster, ʻo ia ka mea nui o ka hoʻoinu ʻana i ka lepo i ka wā maloʻo. Hoʻomaka pinepine ka hua i ʻAukake - Kepakemapa a mau i ʻOkakopa. E ʻohi ʻoyster mushroom, ʻoki akahele. ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili mua ʻana mai kahi ʻāpana lāʻau e loaʻa ma luna o 600 g o nā halo o ka papa mua, e hana ʻia i loko o nā pūpū nui.
No ka ʻike hou aku e pili ana i ka ulu ʻana i nā halo ʻoyster ma nā kumu, e ʻike i kēia wikiō:
Hoʻopau nā mea kanu i ka hoʻoilo ma kahi i kanu ʻia ai i ke kauwela. Inā maikaʻi nā kūlana, a laila i ka lua o ka makahiki, hiki ke loaʻa ka 2-2,5 kg o nā halo mai kēlā me kēia ʻāpana lāʻau. ʻO ka ʻenehana o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā halo oyster ma nā ʻōpala e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke piʻi i ka 1 kg o nā halo i kēlā me kēia makahiki mai 2 m20 o ka lāʻau, ʻo ka mea ʻoi loa o ka makahiki ʻelua a me ke kolu.
Ma lalo iho nei ka wehewehe ʻana i ka ulu pono ʻana o nā halo ʻoyster i loko o ka hale kōmaena.
Pehea e ulu ai i nā halo oyster i loko o ka hale kōmaena
E like me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana, hiki ke ulu ʻia nā halo oyster i loko o nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo, kahi i kau ʻia ai nā ʻāpana lāʻau i ka lepo i ʻOkakopa - Nowemapa, no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki ke waiho ʻia i loko o nā kolamu.
I ka manawa like, pono e kanu ʻia nā ʻāpana lāʻau me kahi mycelium palaoa. Ma hope o ka noi ʻana i nā wēlau o nā lāʻau, ua uhi ʻia me nā diski lāʻau 20-30 mm mānoanoa o ke anawaena like me ka lāʻau.
ʻO ka maikaʻi o ka ulu ʻana i nā halo oyster i loko o nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻo ia ka hiki ke hoʻoponopono i nā ʻāpana kūlohelohe koʻikoʻi: ka haʻahaʻa, ka ea a me ka mahana o ka lepo, kahi hopena maikaʻi i ka hua. ʻO ka laha ʻana o ka mycelium ma luna o nā ʻāpana lāʻau he 1-1,5 mau mahina (inā he 13-15 ° C ka mahana o ka ea, 20-22 ° C ka lepo, a me ka haʻahaʻa pili 95-100%).
Ma hope o ka ulu ʻana o ka mycelium no nā lā ʻelua, ua hoʻemi nui ʻia ka mahana i 0-2 ° C, kahi "spurs" hua. A laila hoʻonui ka mahana i 10-14 ° C. Ma hope o 2-2,5 mau mahina ma hope o ke kanu ʻana i ka mycelium ma ka lāʻau, hiki ke manaʻo ʻia ka hua.
ʻO ka mahiʻai ʻana i nā halo oyster e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻouka i nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo me ka hana ma ʻOkakopa - Ianuali, i ka wā maʻamau. I ka pūnāwai, inā pono e hoʻohana i nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo no nā mea kanu, hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā ʻāpana lāʻau me ka mycelium i ka ʻāina ākea.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke mahi i nā halo ma nā kumu, no ka laʻana, i loko o ka nahele a i ʻole nā kīhāpai ma kahi o lākou. ʻO ka haʻiki i kanu ʻia ma luna o lākou e luku maoli iā lākou, kahi e ʻae ai i ka ʻohi ʻana i nā halo no ʻekolu mau makahiki a hoʻopau i nā kumu i makemake ʻole ʻia me ka ʻole o ka huki ʻana.
E nānā i ke wikiō "Ke ulu nei i nā halo oyster i loko o ka hale kōmaena", e haʻi ana e pili ana i nā nuances āpau o ka mahiʻai:
ʻO kēia wale nō kahi hoʻolālā maʻamau no ka mahi ʻana i ka haʻiki. Hiki a pono ke hoʻololi i ka manawa o ke kanu ʻana (e pili ana i nā ʻano o ka microclimate i waho a i loko paha) a me nā ʻano o ke kanu ʻana i ka mycelium ma nā ʻāpana lāʻau.
Ma keʻano kūikawā, hiki ke hoʻohana i kahi manawa hou aku, akā e hāʻawi ana i nā hopena maikaʻi, ke ʻano, aia i ka hana mua ʻana i nā lua 40-50 mm hohonu a ma kahi o 30 mm ke anawaena ma ka hopena o ka ʻāpana log, kahi o ka palaoa. ua waiho ʻia ka mycelium. Ma hope o ia mea, ua uhi ʻia lākou me ka sawdust mākū a i ʻole nā ʻāpana o ka ʻili, inā ʻaʻole e maloʻo koke ka mycelium a ʻaʻole pale ʻia i nā haʻi poni. Inā ʻoe e hana pēlā, a laila e ulu wikiwiki ka mea kanu ma ka ʻāpana lāʻau.
ʻO ka mea ma lalo nei e wehewehe i ke ʻano o ka ulu ʻana i nā halo ʻoyster i loko o nā ʻeke ma ke ʻano ikaika.
Pehea e ulu pono ai i nā halo ʻoyster i loko o nā ʻeke
Hoʻokaʻawale i ke ʻano sterile a me ka non-sterile o ka mahi nui ʻana i nā halo ʻoyster. ʻO ke ʻano sterile ka mea mua i hoʻāʻo ʻia i ka mahi ʻana o ka haʻiki. Penei kona kumu: hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka substrate a waiho ʻia i loko o kahi autoclave, kahi e sterilized ai, a laila kanu ʻia me ka mycelium. Make nā microorganism pōʻino, a ulu manuahi nā hua ʻoyster mushroom.
He maikaʻi loa nā hopena o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia ʻano, akā naʻe, ʻaʻole ia i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o ka mahiʻai ʻoihana, no ka mea, ʻo kāna hoʻokō pono ʻana i nā kūlana sterile i loko o ka wā ulu holoʻokoʻa a i ʻole ka hui ʻana i kahi mea hoʻohui microbiological kūikawā i loko o ka substrate sterilized, kahi i loaʻa i kahi paʻakikī o ka bacteria. ka mea e pale ai i ka ulu ʻana o nā haʻiki poni, a ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka loaʻa ʻana.
I ka hapa mua o ke kenekulia XX. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi ʻano hana ʻole o ka mahi ʻana i ka halo oyster, ʻo ke kumu o ka pasteurization (steaming) o ka mea kanu meaʻai, aʻo nā hana ʻē aʻe e hana ʻia ma lalo o nā kūlana non-sterile. I kēia hihia, ʻaʻohe pono o nā mea hoʻohui, akā naʻe, pono e hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia ʻano hana me ka mālama pono ʻana i nā kūlana maʻemaʻe e pale ai i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka mold a me ka mold fungi ma ka substrate.
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia ʻano e ka poʻe mahi ʻai halo hoʻokahi a me nā ʻoihana ulu mushroom liʻiliʻi. Eia nō naʻe, pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia ʻo ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka ʻoihana o ka haʻuki ma ke ʻano non-sterile, aia kekahi mau ʻano ʻenehana paʻakikī, e koi ana i nā mea hana kūikawā a me nā loea.
ʻAʻole hiki ke hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻia ke ʻano o ka non-sterile, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, no ka mea, aia mau ka pōʻino o ka ulu ʻana o ka mold i loko o ke ʻano meaʻai. Hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia nā mea kanu ʻai hoʻokahi e hoʻohua i kēia mushroom i nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, no ka mea ma kēia hihia ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hana.
ʻO ka meaʻai meaʻai no ka mahi ʻana i nā halo ʻooster hiki ke lilo i ʻōpala mahiʻai, no ka laʻana, ka mauʻu cereal, nā ʻanoʻano sunflower, ke kulina, ka ʻōpala, nā shavings, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. kumu o ka ma'i.
Hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia nā ʻōpala mahiʻai i nā ʻāpana like ʻole, e alakaʻi ana i nā hopena like ʻole. ʻO kēia mau mea a pau e hiki ai i nā mea kanu mushroom ke hoʻokolohua wale nō, akā e hoʻohana naʻauao hoʻi i ka ʻōpala hale.
Hoʻopiliʻia ka meaʻai meaʻai, 2% limestone lepo, 2% gypsum, 0,5% carbamide, 0,5% superphosphate (o ka nui o ke kaumaha) a me ka wai i hoʻohuiʻia i hiki i ka 75%. No ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke ʻano o nā hua a me kā lākou hoʻonui ʻana, hoʻohui ʻia nā hua pia a i ʻole bran i ka hui ʻana. I kēia hihia, ʻaʻole pono nā mea hoʻohui āpau ma mua o 10% o ka nui o ke kaumaha o ka compost.
A laila hoʻokomoʻia ka meaʻai meaʻai i loko o nā pahu no ka maloʻoʻana a mālamaʻia ma laila no 2-3 mau hola ma kahi mahana o 80-90 ° C, e hoʻoulu i kekahi manawa. Ma kēia ala e hana ʻia ai ka pasteurization o ka substrate. ʻO kahi ʻē aʻe, hiki iā ʻoe ke mālama i ka compost me ka mahu wela ma kahi mahana o 55-60°C no 12 mau hola.
Inā hoʻoulu ʻia nā halo oyster i nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, hiki ke mālama ʻia ka mea kanu me ka wai paila i loko o nā pahu kūpono, a laila uhi ʻia a waiho ʻia no 2-4 mau hola. A laila hoʻokahe ʻia ka wai, maloʻo ka substrate i ka pono (70-75%) haʻahaʻa a hoʻohui ʻia nā minela.
Hiki ke hana ʻia ka pasteurization o ka meaʻai meaʻai penei: hoʻopiha i nā ʻeke a waiho i loko o nā pahu kahi i hoʻolako ʻia ai ka mahu a i ʻole ka wai wela, e waiho ana i ka substrate i ka mālama ʻana no 6-10 mau hola.
I kēlā me kēia hihia, he mea nui ka mālama ʻana i ka wela o ka substrate e hoʻopau i ka pala. Hiki ke hoʻomākaukau ʻia ma nā ʻano ʻokoʻa like ʻole, me ka nānā ʻole i ke ʻano o ka mahi ʻana i ka halo.
I ka pau ʻana o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa wela, pono e hoʻomaʻalili mālie ʻia ka mea kanu pasteurized, a laila hoʻoneʻe ʻia i ke kahua kanu. Hiki ke waiho ʻia ka substrate i loko o nā ʻeke plastik, nā pahu, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, hiki ke ʻokoʻa ka nui. ʻO nā ana maikaʻi loa he 400x400x200 mm. Pono ka nui o ka substrate (5-15 kg) e pale i ka maloʻo wikiwiki. Pono e hoʻopili iki ʻia, a he mea nui loa ia e hōʻoia i kona maʻemaʻe ke waiho ʻia i loko o kahi pahu no ka ulu ʻana i nā halo.
Kanu ʻia ka mea ʻohi ʻohi i ka wā e hāʻule ai ka mahana o ka substrate i 25-28 ° C. Hoʻokomo ʻia i kahi hohonu o 100-150 mm, i hui pū ʻia me kahi ʻano meaʻai. ʻO ka nui o ka mycelium he 5-7% ma ke kaumaha o ka compost. Inā he liʻiliʻi ka mea kanu, a laila e ulu lōʻihi ka substrate, kahi e hoʻonui ai i ka pilikia o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mold hoʻokūkū.
Hiki ke hana ʻia ka hui ʻana o ka mycelium grain a me ka substrate cooled pasteurized ma mua o ka hoʻopiha ʻana i nā ipu me ia. I kēia hihia, ma muli o ka hoʻohui like ʻana o ka substrate me ka mycelium, ʻike ʻia ka nui o ka ulu ʻana o ka mea kanu. Pono kēia ʻano o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka mycelium i ka mālama nui loa e hōʻoia i ka maʻemaʻe ma nā wahi hana.
I mea e ulu ai i nā halo oyster i loko o nā ʻeke, e like me ka ʻōlelo a ka ʻenehana kūpono, pono e hāʻawi i kahi mahana o 20-25 ° C a me kahi haʻahaʻa o 90% i loko o ka lumi. I kēia pae, ʻaʻole pono nā halo i ka mālamalama. 3-5 mau lā ma hope o ke kanu ʻana, uhi ʻia ka ʻili o ka mea kanu me kahi papa keʻokeʻo o ka mycelium. He 8-10 mau lā aʻe, a inā i mālama pono ʻia ka ʻenehana, e lilo ka mea kanu i ka ʻulaʻula, a laila e ʻike ʻia ka interweaving o nā hyphae keʻokeʻo, e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka maturation o ka mycelium.
Inā i loko o nā ʻeke ka substrate me ka mycelium, a laila hana ʻia nā ʻokiʻoki i mea e ulu ai nā halo.
I ka wā o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka mycelium, pono ia e hoʻoholo i ka mahana ma ka hohonu o ka meaʻai meaʻai 1-2 mau manawa i ka lā. Inā hiki i ka 28 ° C a ʻoi aku paha ma mua o kēia helu, a laila pono e hoʻoheheʻe maikaʻi ʻia ka lumi.
ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka mycelium e mau ana ma kahi o 20-30 mau lā, a ma ka hopena ke komo ʻia ka substrate e lilo ia i poloka monolithic. A laila ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia kēia mau poloka i loko o nā ʻeke a i ʻole nā mea ʻē aʻe i kahi lumi kūikawā, i kapa ʻia kahi lumi ulu, kahi e mālama ʻia ai kahi ʻano mahana paʻa o 12-15 ° C a hāʻawi ʻia ka mālamalama. ʻOiaʻiʻo, inā hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka mahana a hoʻomālamalama i ka lumi, hiki iā ʻoe ke haʻalele i ka mushroom oyster kahi e ulu ai ka substrate me ka mycelium.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hua ʻana o ka ʻoyster inā hoʻokomo ʻia nā poloka ma hope o ka wehe ʻana mai nā ʻeke. Pono e waiho ʻia kahi ākea ākea o 900-1000 mm ākea ma waena o nā lālani o nā poloka i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka mālama ʻana a me ka ʻohi ʻana. ʻO ka wahi o nā poloka e pili ana i nā hiʻohiʻona o kahi lumi kūikawā.
Ma ke kumu, ʻaʻole pono e wehe i nā poloka mai nā ʻeke, akā i mea e ulu ai nā halo mai nā ʻaoʻao a pau, pono e ʻoki i nā lua o ka pūpū i ka vertical a horizontally ma kahi mamao o 30-40 mm (a i ʻole 100). -150 mm) me ke anawaena o 10-20 mm. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i nā ʻoki longitudinal a i ʻole ke ʻano kea. I kekahi manawa e hoʻoikaika ʻia nā poloka, a kau kekahi mau mea kanu halo i nā poloka elongated i loko o nā ʻeke.
Inā ʻo ka substrate mycelium i loko o nā pahu a i ʻole nā mea like, a laila e ulu nā haʻuki ma ka ʻaoʻao ākea o ka ulu ulu. I kekahi manawa hoʻokomo ʻia nā pahu ma ka hopena a ʻike ʻia nā halo ma kahi mokulele kū.
No ka hoʻouluʻana i ka huaʻai, i kēia manawa, hiki iāʻoe ke hoʻopaʻa i ka substrate me ka mycelium overgrown no 2-3 mau lā ma kahi mahana o 3-5 ° C. Pono e hanaʻia kēia kaʻina hana ma mua o ka waihoʻana i ka substrate i loko o ka lumi ulu. Eia naʻe, he koho kēia kaʻina hana.
I ka wā o ka huaʻai, pono ka haʻahaʻa o ka ea i loko o ka lumi ma kahi o 80-100%, no ka mea ma kahi mahana o 12-16 ° C ua lawa ia e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka papahele a me nā paia 1-2 mau manawa i ka lā. E maloʻo paha ka poloka i lawe ʻia mai loko mai o ka ʻeke, a laila e hoʻomaʻemaʻe iki ʻia mai kahi pahu wai a i ʻole hose me kahi mea hoʻoheheʻe.
No kekahi manawa i kēia manawa, ua kaulana ka ʻenehana o ka mahi ʻana i ka ʻoyster mushroom, kahi i waiho ʻia ai nā poloka i loko o nā ʻeke a ʻaneʻane ʻaʻole hoʻomāmā ʻia ka hale, no ka mea, ua lawa ka wai i loko o ke ʻano meaʻai no ke ʻano o nā haʻiki. ʻOiaʻiʻo, i loko o kahi ʻeke plastik ua mālama maikaʻi ʻia, no laila, i kēia hihia, hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ka lumi i ka wā i ʻoi aku ka mahana o ka ea ma mua o 18-20 ° C i mea e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ai.
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kaʻina hua, nui ka nui o ka carbon dioxide i loko o ka hale, pono e hoʻoneʻe ʻia e ka ea. Ma keʻano laulā, paʻakikī loa ka hele ʻana o ka ventila kiʻekiʻe i kēia manawa, no ka mea me ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka ea maikaʻi ʻole, ʻaʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia nā kino hua, akā ʻike ʻia nā ulu ulu o ka mycelium.
No laila, inā makemake ʻoe e kiʻi i nā halo nui ʻono, pono ʻoe e hoʻokaʻawale i ka lumi. E like me ke kānāwai, ua lawa hoʻokahi hoʻololi o ka ea i kēlā me kēia hola.
Eia nō naʻe, hoʻoulu ʻia ka ventilation ikaika i ka pilikia o ka hōʻoia ʻana i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka haʻahaʻa o ka ea, ʻo ia ka 90-95% e like me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo, akā ma ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa he paʻakikī ke hoʻokō. Loaʻa ke ala i waho o ke kūlana i ka hoʻoinu ʻana o nā ʻeke me ka wai.
Ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā poloka i kahi lumi anuanu a wehe ʻia ka pōʻai, i nā lā 5-6 mua, hiki i ka wai i komo ke hōʻeha i ka mycelium. No laila, ʻaʻole pono e hoʻoinu iā lākou i kēia manawa, ua lawa ia e hoʻomaʻemaʻe mau i nā paia a me ka papahele o ka lumi. ʻO nā poloka substrate i uhi ʻia me ka mycelium sprouted ʻaʻole e komo i ka wai, kahi e hiki ai iā lākou ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia e ka pīpī ʻana i ka wai 1-2 mau manawa i ka lā ma kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o 95-100% a me 4-5 mau manawa ma kahi haʻahaʻa o 85-95%.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana i ka haʻahaʻa ma kahi pae kūpono, no ka mea, inā he haʻahaʻa iki ia ma lalo o ka maʻamau, e alakaʻi kēia i nā pāpale maloʻo a me ka haki ʻana, ʻoiai e ulu ana nā halo. Ke piʻi ka wai i ka 70% a ma lalo, hiki ke emi ka nui o ka ʻohi.
ʻO nā lā 5-6 mua o ka noho ʻana o nā poloka me ka mycelium i loko o ka nursery, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke mālama i ke kukui, no ka mea, ke hana ʻia nei nā kaʻina hana nui i loko o kahi ʻano meaʻai meaʻai, kahi e pōʻeleʻele ai i kēlā me kēia hihia. Eia nō naʻe, i ka wā i hoʻokumu ʻia ai nā kumu o nā kino hua, pono ia e hana i ka hoʻomālamalama maikaʻi loa no 7-10 mau hola i ka lā me ka ikaika o 70-100 lux.
Inā liʻiliʻi a pōʻeleʻele ka lumi no ka ulu ʻana i nā halo ʻoyster mai ka mycelium, e hoʻohana i nā kukui fluorescent a i ʻole ka lā o ka lā. He hopena koʻikoʻi ka mālamalama i kēia mau halo: pōkole nā wāwae, a ʻeleʻele nā pāpale keʻokeʻo mua, a laila, i ke kaʻina o ka oʻo ʻana, e hoʻomālamalama hou lākou, e hoʻonui ana i ka nui.
I mea e pale ai i ka popopo, ʻohi ʻia nā halo ma ke ʻoki ʻana i ko lākou mau wāwae ma ke kumu. 2-3 pule ma hope o ka nalu mua o ka ʻohi ʻana, hele ka nalu ʻelua. I kēia manawa, mālama ʻia ka mālama maʻamau no nā poloka, a hoʻāla ʻia ke kukui i ka wā o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā kumu o nā kino hua.
E like me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana, hiki i ka nalu mua ke lawe mai i ka 75% o ka nui o ka hua. Inā maikaʻi nā kūlana, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka substrate, a laila ma nā nalu ʻelua e loaʻa ai kahi hua, e like me ke kaumaha me 25-30% o ka nui o ka substrate. E like me kāu e ʻike ai, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ulu ʻana i nā halo oyster, mālama maikaʻi ʻia, hiki ke lawe ʻia a ʻaʻole makaʻu i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
Ke hala ka nalu lua, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā poloka me nā mea hou me ka mycelium hou. Hoʻohana ʻia nā poloka i loaʻa ai ka ʻohi i ka hale - hiki ke hānai ʻia i nā holoholona a hoʻohui ʻia i ka meaʻai moa.
Hōʻike kēia wikiō i ke ʻano o ka ulu ʻana i nā halo oyster i loko o nā ʻeke:
Ka hoʻomalu pest no nā halo ʻoyster ma loko
Ma waena o nā mea ʻeha liʻiliʻi e hoʻopilikia nei i kēia haʻuki, ʻo ia ka nalo mushroom, mites a me nā makika. ʻO nā maʻi maʻamau he bacteria ma ke ʻano a ʻike ʻia ma hope o ka pōʻino ʻia e nā pest.
ʻO ke ʻano maʻamau o ka disinfecting i kahi lumi no ka ulu ʻana i nā halo oyster ʻo ka pīpī ʻana i nā paia me kahi hopena 2-4% o ka bleach a i ʻole formalin. A laila hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka lumi no 2 mau lā, a laila wehe ʻia a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia no 1-2 mau lā. Pono e hana ʻia kēlā ʻano hana ma mua o kēlā me kēia hoʻohana hou ʻana o ka hale.
ʻO ka nui o ka bleach i makemake ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i ka pest i ka wā e ulu ana i nā halo oyster i loko o nā ʻeke e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma mua o kahi liʻiliʻi o ka wai, a laila hoʻoheheʻe ʻia me ka wai i ka manaʻo e pono ai a waiho ʻia e infuse no 2 mau hola. Hoʻoulu ʻia ka hui ʻana a hoʻohana ʻia e disinfect i ka lumi, kahi, ma hope o ka pīpī ʻana, pani ʻia no nā lā ʻelua. Pono e hana ʻia nā hana pale me ka bleach 15-20 mau lā ma mua o ka hoʻokomo ʻana o ka substrate, ʻoiai i kēia manawa e loaʻa i ka chlorine ka manawa e nalowale.
ʻOiai he liʻiliʻi nā pathogens a me nā pests o kēia fungus, paʻakikī loa ka hana ʻana iā lākou, no ka mea, noho ka hapa nui o lākou i loko o ka substrate, ʻo ia hoʻi, aia ma lalo o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni i ka hapa nui o ka manawa. No laila, hana ʻia nā hana pale nui ma ke ʻano he mea pale ma mua o ka hoʻokomo ʻana o ka mycelium i loko o ka substrate.
No ka laʻana, hoʻohūhū ʻia nā lumi no nā halo ʻoyster me ka sulfur dioxide. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, kau ʻia nā pepa bakena ma luna o nā pōhaku lepo. Kau ʻia ka Sulfur ma luna (40-60 g no 1 m2 o ka lumi). A laila hoʻomālamalama lākou a pani paʻa i nā puka. E waiho i ka lumi no 2 mau lā, ma hope o ka wehe ʻana a me ka ventilate no 10 mau lā.
Hana ʻia ka fumigation inā maloʻo ka lumi. Inā pulu, ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻohana i kahi ala ʻē aʻe o ka disinfection.
I ka ulu ʻana i nā halo ʻoyster i loko o ka hale, pono e nānā nui i ka maʻemaʻe o nā mea hana i hoʻohana ʻia. Ma mua o ka hana, mālama ʻia nā mea hana āpau me ka 40% formalin solution, a laila me ka wai maʻemaʻe. Hoʻopau ʻia nā pahu substrate a mālama ʻia i loko o kahi lumi maʻemaʻe.
ʻO nā mea pōʻino loa o nā halo ʻoyster ka nalo ʻai, e ʻai ana i ka mycelium a me nā kino hua, a komo ka bacteria i loko o nā ʻeha. Hōʻike pinepine ʻia nā nalo i ke kau mahana i ka mahana ma luna o 15°C. ʻO ka hapa nui o lākou e lilo i ka wā e hoʻomaka ai ka mycelium e ulu i kahi ʻano meaʻai a oʻo. ʻO ia i loko o kēia manawa, he 5-6 mau pule, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mahana i loko o ka lumi me ka substrate no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā pests.
Ke piʻi aʻe nei ka pōʻino mai nā nalo a me nā makika inā aia nā substrate kahiko a me nā mea hou i loko o ka lumi hoʻokahi. Neʻe nā ʻōpala mai nā poloka kahiko i nā mea hou, kahi e waiho ai i kā lākou mau hua.
Pono nā hana pale i ke ʻano o ka disinfection o ka hale a me ka sterilization o ka substrate e kūʻē i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā mites fungal, no ka mea ʻaʻohe ala kūpono e hakakā ai iā lākou. Heʻuʻuku loa ko lākou nui, a hānai lākou i ka mycelium, komo i loko o nā kino hua. ʻAʻole lōʻihi ka hiki ʻana mai o ka maʻi maʻi bacteria. Ma keia hihia, pulu a pouli na wahi i poino.
'Oyster mushroom he ma'i allergen ko'iko'i. A i ʻole, ʻaʻole ʻo ia iho, akā ʻo kāna spores, i ʻike koke ʻia ma hope koke o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā haʻi e hana i nā pāpale. No laila, i ka hana ʻana me ka haʻiki, ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻohana i nā respirator. Pono e mālama pono i ke kanu ʻana i nā ʻano ʻala hou o ka halo ʻooster me nā waiwai allergenic ʻike ʻole.