Pehea ka hopena o ke kala i ko mākou mau manaʻo

I kēia lā, hoʻomaopopo mākou i ka hopena o ke kala i ko mākou ʻike i ka honua. Akā ʻelua mau kenekulia i hala aku nei ʻaʻole maopopo kēia. ʻO Johann Wolfgang Goethe kekahi o ka poʻe mua i lawe koʻikoʻi i ke kumumanaʻo kala. I ka makahiki 1810 ua paʻi ʻo ia i kāna Doctrine of Color, ka hua o nā makahiki he nui o ka hana nui.

ʻO ka mea kupaianaha, ua kauʻo ia i kēia hana ma luna o kāna mau mele mele, me ka manaʻoʻo "nā haku mele maikaʻi" aia ma mua ona a ma hope ona, aʻo ka mea nui loaʻo ia wale nō ka mea i loko o kona keneturi, "ka mea iʻike i kaʻoiaʻiʻo i loko o ka paʻakikī loa. ʻepekema o ke aʻo ʻana o ke kala» .

ʻOiaʻiʻo, kānalua ka poʻe physicists i kāna hana, me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana he amateurish. Akā, ua mahalo nui ʻia ʻo "The Doctrine of Color" e ka poʻe akeakamai, mai Arthur Schopenhauer iā Ludwig Wittgenstein.

ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka psychology o ke kala ke kumu mai kēia hana.

ʻO Goethe ka mea mua i kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo "ʻo kekahi mau kala ke kumu o nā kūlana kūikawā o ka noʻonoʻo", me ka nānā ʻana i kēia hopena ma ke ʻano he naturalist a me ka haku mele.

A ʻoiai i loko o nā makahiki he 200 i hala iho nei, ua holomua nui ka noʻonoʻo a me ka neuroscience i ke aʻo ʻana i kēia kumuhana, pili mau nā mea i ʻike ʻia e Goethe a hoʻohana nui ʻia e ka poʻe loea, no ka laʻana, i ka paʻi ʻana, ka pena, ka hoʻolālā ʻana a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau.

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻo Goethe i nā kala i "positive" - ​​​​yellow, ʻulaʻula-melemele, melemele-ʻulaʻula, a me "negative" - ​​​​uliuli, ʻulaʻula-uliuli a me ka uliuli-ʻulaʻula. ʻO nā kala o ka hui mua, kākau ʻo ia, e hana i kahi ʻano hauʻoli, ola, ʻeleʻele, ʻo ka lua - hoʻomaha ʻole, palupalu a dreary. Manaʻo ʻo Goethe i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo he kala kū ʻole. Penei kāna wehewehe ʻana i nā kala.

Melemele

"I kona maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe loa, he ʻano māmā ka melemele a ʻike ʻia e ka mālamalama, ʻoliʻoli a me ka nani palupalu.

I kēia wā, he meaʻoluʻolu ia ma keʻano he kaiapuni, inā ma keʻano o nā lole, nā pale, ka pepa pepa. ʻO ke gula ma kahi ʻano maʻemaʻe loa e hāʻawi iā mākou, ʻoiai inā hoʻohui ʻia ka nani, kahi manaʻo hou a kiʻekiʻe o uXNUMXbuXNUMXbkēia kala; pela no hoi, he kala melemele nani, i ikeia ma ka siliki alohilohi, no ka la'ana, ma ka satin, hana i ka nani a hanohano.

Hōʻike ka ʻike e hana ka melemele i kahi manaʻo mehana a ʻoluʻolu. No laila, i ka pena kiʻi, pili ia i ka ʻaoʻao mālamalama a ʻeleu o ke kiʻi.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kēia manaʻo pumehana i ka nānā ʻana i kekahi wahi ma ke aniani melemele, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā lā hoʻoilo hina. E hauʻoli ka maka, e hoʻonui ka naʻau, e hauʻoli ka ʻuhane; Me he mea lā ke pā pololei mai nei ka mehana iā mākou.

Inā ʻoluʻolu a hauʻoli kēia kala i kona maʻemaʻe a me ka ʻoliʻoli, i kona ikaika piha he mea hauʻoli a hanohano, a laila, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, he koʻikoʻi loa ia a hāʻawi i kahi manaʻo maikaʻi ʻole inā he lepo a hoʻololi ʻia paha. i na kani anu. . No laila, ke kala o ka sulfur, e hāʻawi ana i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, he mea ʻoluʻolu ʻole.

melemele ʻulaʻula

"No ka mea ʻaʻole hiki ke manaʻo ʻia he kala ʻole, melemele, mānoanoa a me ka ʻeleʻele, hiki ke hoʻoikaika i kahi hue ʻulaʻula. Ke ulu nei ka ikehu o ke kala, a ʻoi aku ka ikaika a me ka nani o kēia malu. ʻO nā mea a pau a mākou i ʻōlelo ai e pili ana i ka melemele e pili ana ma ʻaneʻi, i kahi kiʻekiʻe wale nō.

ʻO ka ʻulaʻula melemele, ʻo ia hoʻi, hāʻawi ka maka i ka manaʻo o ka pumehana a me ka hauʻoli, e hōʻike ana i ke kala o ka wela ʻoi aku ka ikaika a me ka ʻālohilohi mālie o ka napoʻo ʻana o ka lā. No laila, ʻoluʻolu ʻo ia ma nā wahi a puni a ʻoi aku ka hauʻoli a nani paha i nā lole.

Melemele-ʻulaʻula

“E like me ka maʻalahi o ka waihoʻoluʻu melemele maʻemaʻe i ka ʻulaʻula-melemele, pēlā ka piʻi ʻana o ka lua i ka melemele-ʻulaʻula. ʻO ka manaʻo leʻaleʻa leʻaleʻa i hāʻawi ʻia e ka ʻulaʻula-melemele iā mākou e piʻi i ka mana ʻole i ka ʻulaʻula melemele-ʻulaʻula.

Hiki i ka ʻaoʻao hana i kona ikehu kiʻekiʻe ma ʻaneʻi, a ʻaʻole ia he mea kupanaha ka hauʻoli nui ʻana o ka poʻe ikaika, olakino, koʻikoʻi i kēia pena. Loaʻa ka manaʻo ma nā wahi āpau ma waena o nā poʻe ʻino. A i ka wā i waiho ʻia ai nā keiki iā lākou iho, hoʻomaka lākou e kala, ʻaʻole lākou e mālama i ka cinnabar a me ka minium.

Ua lawa ka nānā pono ʻana i kahi ʻili melemele-ʻulaʻula piha, i ʻike ʻia ua pā maoli kēia kala i ko mākou maka. Hoʻokumu ia i ka haʻalulu nui a mālama i kēia hopena i kekahi ʻano o ka pōʻeleʻele.

ʻO ka hōʻike ʻana i ka hainaka melemele a me ka ʻulaʻula e hoʻopilikia a huhū nā holoholona. Ua ʻike nō hoʻi au i ka poʻe naʻauao, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻomanawanui ke nānā aku i ke kanaka me ka ʻaʻahu ʻulaʻula i ko lākou hui ʻana.

Polū

“E like me ka melemele e lawe mai i ka malamalama me ia, pela ka uliuli e hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia e lawe mau mai i kekahi mea ʻeleʻele me ia.

He ʻano ʻē a aneane hiki ʻole ke haʻi ʻia kēia kala i ka maka. E like me ke kala he ikehu; aka, ke ku nei ma ka aoao ino, a ma kona maemae loa, he mea ole ia e hoohoka ana. Hoʻohui ia i kekahi ʻano kūʻē o ka hauʻoli a me ka hoʻomaha.

Ke ʻike nei mākou i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka lani a me ka mamao o nā mauna me he uliuli lā, no laila ke neʻe nei ka ʻili uliuli mai o mākou aku.

E like me kā mākou makemake e ʻimi i kahi mea ʻoluʻolu e pale aku iā mākou, pēlā mākou e nānā ai i ka uliuli, ʻaʻole no ka wikiwiki ʻana iā mākou, akā no ka huki ʻana iā mākou me ia.

ʻO ka polū ka mea e ʻoluʻolu ai iā mākou, e like me ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana iā mākou i ke aka. ʻO nā keʻena, i hoʻopau ʻia i ka uliuli maʻemaʻe, me he mea lā he ākea, akā, ma ke ʻano, ʻaʻohe a me ke anuanu.

ʻAʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia he leʻaleʻa ke hoʻohui ʻia nā kala maikaʻi i kahi kikoʻī i ka uliuli. He pena ʻoluʻolu ke kala ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ka nalu kai.

Blue ʻulaʻula

"Ua hoʻoikaika maikaʻi ʻia ʻo Blue i ʻulaʻula, a no laila e loaʻa ai kahi mea ikaika, ʻoiai aia ma ka ʻaoʻao passive. Akā ʻokoʻa loa ke ʻano o ka ʻoliʻoli mai ka ʻulaʻula-melemele - ʻaʻole ia e hoʻohauʻoli i ka hopohopo.

E like me ka ulu ʻana o ka waihoʻoluʻu ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia, no laila makemake kekahi e hele i mua me kēia kala i nā manawa a pau, akā ʻaʻole like me ka ʻulaʻula-melemele, e hele mau ana i mua, akā i mea e ʻimi ai i kahi e hiki ai i kekahi. hiki ke hoomaha.

Ma kahi ʻano nāwaliwali loa, ʻike mākou i kēia kala ma lalo o ka inoa o ka lilac; aka, eia nae he mea ola kana, aole hauoli.

ʻUlaʻula-ʻula

"Ke piʻi aʻe nei kēia hopohopo me ka potentiation hou aʻe, a hiki paha ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻomanawanui ʻia kahi kiʻi pepa o ka waihoʻoluʻu ʻulaʻula piha piha. ʻO ia ke kumu, i ka wā i loaʻa ai i loko o nā lole, ma kahi lipine a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hoʻonaninani ʻē aʻe, hoʻohana ʻia ia i kahi malu nāwaliwali loa a māmā; akā, i loko o kēiaʻano, e like me konaʻano, hana ia i kahi manaʻo kūikawā loa.

ʻulaʻula

"He ʻokoʻa ka hana o kēia kala e like me kona ʻano. Hāʻawi ʻo ia i ka manaʻo like o ke koʻikoʻi a me ka hanohano, a me ka makemake maikaʻi a me nā leʻaleʻa. Hoʻopuka ʻo ia i ka mua ma kona ʻano condensed ʻeleʻele, ʻo ka lua i kona ʻano māmā māmā. A pēlā e ʻaʻahu ʻia ai ka hanohano o ka ʻelemakule a me ka lokomaikaʻi o ka ʻōpio i ke kala hoʻokahi.

Hōʻike nui ka moʻolelo iā mākou e pili ana i ka addiction o nā aliʻi i ka poni. Hāʻawi mau kēia kala i ka manaʻo o ke koʻikoʻi a me ka nani.

Hōʻike ke aniani poni i kahi ʻāina mālamalama maikaʻi i kahi kukui weliweli. Ua uhi ʻia kēlā ʻano leo i ka honua a me ka lani i ka lā o ka hoʻokolokolo hope.

ʻōmaʻomaʻo

"Inā hui pū ʻia ka melemele a me ka uliuli, ka mea a mākou i manaʻo ai i nā kala mua a me ka maʻalahi loa, i ko lākou ʻike mua ʻana i ka hana mua o kā lākou hana, a laila e ʻike ʻia kēlā kala, a mākou i kapa ai he ʻōmaʻomaʻo.

ʻIke ko mākou maka i ka ʻoluʻolu maoli i loko. I ka hui ʻana o nā kala makuahine ʻelua i ke kaulike wale nō, i ʻike ʻole ʻia kekahi o lākou, a laila hoʻomaha ka maka a me ka ʻuhane i kēia hui ʻana, e like me ke kala maʻalahi. ʻAʻole au makemake a ʻaʻole hiki iaʻu ke hele hou aku. No laila, no nā lumi āu e noho mau ai, koho pinepine ʻia nā kiʻi ʻōmaʻomaʻo.