Ma ʻEulopa, manaʻo ʻia nā maʻi ʻaʻai e hoʻopili i 6% o nā keiki a ʻoi aku ma mua o 3% o nā mākua. Ke piʻi nei nā kiʻi i nā makahiki he XNUMX i hala. Pehea e ʻike ʻia ai kahi allergy meaʻai? He aha nā aleren meaʻai nui? Hiki iā mākou ke hoʻōla? ʻO nā pane a Dr Emmanuelle Rondeleux, ka maʻi maʻi pediatric.

ʻO ka allergy meaʻai kahi hopena o ka ʻōnaehana pale i kahi meaʻai kahi e pono ʻole ai ke pane maʻamau. Ma ka launa mua ʻana me ka mea hoʻowali kino, hana ke kino i nā mea pale kūʻē iā ia, IgE (no ka immunoglobulin E). Hoʻopili kēia mau mea ʻino iā lākou iho i nā hunaola mast, nā hunaola i komo i ka pale o ke kino.

ʻO ka launa mua ʻana me ka alergen e waiho mau me ka ʻole o nā hōʻailona. Akā ke kumu o ka sensitization i ka meaʻai i nīnau ʻia ʻo ia hoʻi i ka wā o ka lua o ka pilina me ka alergen e hoʻonāukiuki ʻia nā pūnaewele mast e hoʻokuʻu ana i nā mea e like me histamine i ke kumu o nā ʻōuli maʻi.

"ʻO nā keiki e maʻi āpau i ka peanuts a i ʻole nā ​​hua manu hiki ke hoʻomohala i kahi allergy ke ʻole lākou e ʻai. Ua lawa ka ʻai ʻana a ko lākou mau mākua. Lawe lākou i nā koʻi o ka alergen ma luna o ko lākou mau lima, ko lākou lole a laila hiki ke launa me ka pēpē, ka mea e lawa pono ai ka huna ʻana o nā mea ʻohola, "wehewehe a Dr Rondeleux.

I nā keiki, ʻo ka mea nui i ka waiū o ka bipi, nā hua manu, nā peanuts, nā nati ("ʻoi aku ka pistachios a me nā cashews", underlines the allergist), ukali ʻia e ka pua nani, ka iʻa a me nā iʻa iʻa, sesame, palaoa a me kiwi paha. "E hoʻomaopopo he ʻokoʻa kēia papa inoa o nā meaʻai āpau mai kekahi ʻāina a kahi ʻāina ʻē aʻe".

I nā mākua, ʻo nā mea nui āpau nā hua maka a me nā mea kanu, nā iʻa a me nā iʻa iʻa, soy, celery, mustard a me gluten. "ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kahi maʻi ʻaʻai i nā mākua e hoʻopili pinepine ʻia i nā maʻi kūpale. ʻO kekahi kanaka makua i ka maʻi ahulau i ka poloka e makaʻu paha i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi āpau no ka mea ʻo kēia mau mea ʻelua he mau protein āpau ", e ʻōlelo ana ʻo Dr Rondeleux. 

I kēia lā, koi nā lula e haʻi ʻia nā allergens (ma waena o ka papa inoa o 14 allergens nui) ma ka lepili o nā huahana meaʻai.

Aia he ʻelua ʻano aloi o ka meaʻai:

Nā huehue koke

ʻO nā mea pākuʻi koke, nā ʻōuli e ʻike ʻia ma ka hapanui o ʻekolu mau hola ma hope o kaʻai ʻana o ka meaʻai. Hiki iā lākou ke hōʻike e like me ke kani a me ka makaʻu i ka waha, a me / a i ʻole ka edema o ka lehelehe a me ka maka i ka poʻe mākua. I nā keiki, hiki paha i ka tingling a me ka edema o ka maka, akā ʻo ka ʻulaʻula hoʻi a me nā hives o ka maka e hiki ke pāhola ma luna o ke kino holoʻokoʻa. Hiki ke hoʻohui i kēia i ka hanu hanu a me ka paʻakikī e ale.

Hiki ke hopena i nā maʻi āpau i nā pilikia digestive e like me ka luaʻi, diarrhea, ʻeha o ka ʻōpū a me ke ʻano maikaʻi ʻole a maule paha. ʻO ka Anaphylaxis ke ʻano koʻikoʻi loa o nā maʻi āpau loa. "ʻ speaklelo mākou i ka anaphylaxis ke pili ʻelua mau kino", kuhikuhi i ka loea. 

Hoʻohālikelike i nā maʻi āpau

Hoʻohālikelike nā maʻi āpau i hōʻike ʻia nā ʻōuli i kekahi mau hola i ʻoi aku ma mua o 48 mau hola ma hope o kaʻai ʻana o ka meaʻai allergenic. Pili lākou i nā keiki ma mua o nā mākua a hoʻohālikelike ʻia e nā maʻi digestive (diarrhea, aches ʻōpū, reflux), eczema a me / a i ʻole loaʻa waiwai maikaʻi ʻole (stagnant weight). 

"ʻO kahi allergy meaʻai e hoʻomaka i ke ʻano makua ke hopena pinepine i ka maʻi maʻi o ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. I nā kamaliʻi, pono ke kiaʻi pono ʻia ke alapiʻi o ka meaʻai no ka mea he koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi ia, e ao aku i ka mea hōʻalo.

Inā loaʻa nā ʻōuli māmā

Inā akahai nā ʻōuli, ma ka ʻili hoʻi, hiki ke hoʻoliʻiliʻi ʻia e ka lawe ʻana i kahi lāʻau antihistamine e like me Zyrtec a i ʻole Aerius, ma ke ʻano o ka hopena waha no nā keiki. I ka hanana o ka hanu hanu, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka ventoline ma ke ʻano he lālani mua, akā ʻaʻole ʻoe e kānalua e hele i ka peni epinephrine inā mau nā ʻōuli.

Ina o ka discomfort a me ka hanu pilikia

Inā manaʻo ʻole ka mea i loko o ka pilikia a namunamu paha i nā pilikia hanu koʻikoʻi, kāhea iā 15 a hoʻokau koke iā lākou i kahi noho (i ka manawa o ka hanu paʻakikī ʻana) a i kahi kūlana palekana (PLS) me nā wāwae e hāpai ʻia (inā he pilikia) . 

Pono kēia mau ʻōuli e hōʻike i ka anaphylaxis e koi ai i ka mālama ulia pōpilikia kūpono: intramuscular injection of adrenaline and hospitalization. ʻO nā mea maʻi i loaʻa i ka anaphylaxis i ka wā ma mua e pono mau i ka lāʻau o epinephrine auto-injectable me lākou.

"ʻO ke kuhi ʻana i kahi alapiʻi meaʻai e hoʻokumu pono ʻia i ka nīnau ʻana i ka mea maʻi a i ʻole kona mau mākua inā he keiki ʻōpio ia. Ma ka laulā, nā mākua e lawe i ke kaupaʻi o ke kūkākūkā ʻana no kā lākou keiki ua manaʻo mua lākou i kahi meaʻai ”, e ʻōlelo ana ʻo Kauka Rondeleux. Hiki ke kuhikuhi ʻia hoʻi nā hōʻike koko a me nā hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka ʻili (nā hoʻāʻo prick) i ka hoʻohui ʻia e hōʻoia i ka maʻi āpau a kāpae i nā maʻi āpau. 

Iapaau ana o allergy meaʻai

No ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka allergy meaʻai, pili ia i ka lawe ʻana i ka meaʻai allergenic mai ka papaʻai. Hiki ke hoʻonohonoho ʻia kahi protocol tolerance waha ma lalo o ka nānā ʻana a kahi kauka kauka. Hoʻokomo ʻia ia i ka hoʻolauna haʻahaʻa ʻana i ka meaʻai allergenic i nā mea liʻiliʻi i ka papaʻai a ka mea maʻi.

"ʻO kahi laʻana, i nā keiki maʻi i nā protein waiū o ka bipi a ʻaʻole i hala ka maʻi āpau ma kahi o 1 a i ʻole 2 mau makahiki, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻāʻo e hoʻolauna i ka waiū o ka bipi ma ke ʻano o ka palaoa i hoʻomoʻa maikaʻi ʻia no ka mea hoʻomoʻa ka kuke ʻana i ka asimilation o nā protein waiū o ka bipi e ke kino. ʻO ka mea like no ka poʻe maʻi i ka hua manu, hoʻolauna mākou i ka hua manu i nā ʻano moʻa (hua moa paakiki, omelet) ma mua o nā ʻano maka (hua moa i hoʻomapalapala ʻia, mousse kokoleka) ", nā kikoʻī i ka mea hoʻoweliweli.

I nā keiki, nalowale paha kekahi mau maʻi ʻaʻai me ka makahiki a hoʻomau kekahi. Hoʻomaopopo mākou i ka pau ʻole o ke alapiʻi i nā protein waiū o ka bipi i nalo i 80% o nā hihia ma kahi o hoʻokahi a ʻelua mau makahiki paha. Hoʻōla ka huʻi hua moa iā ia iho ma kahi o ka makahiki ʻekolu o 60% o nā keiki i hoʻopilikia ʻia. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻo nā mea ʻāpiki i nā pī, nā mea ʻaila, nā iʻa a me / a i ʻole nā ​​crustacean e nalo pinepine aku. 

Hoʻonui i nā meaʻai āpau o ka meaʻai?

Ma ka hapanui, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o nā meaʻai āpau no nā makahiki he mau makahiki, me nā maʻi ʻai e hoʻomau pinepine i ka holo ʻana o ka manawa. Ua hoʻokau kekahi mau ʻepekema i ke kuhiakau hoʻomaʻemaʻe e wehewehe i kēia hanana, kahi kumumanaʻo e like me ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi o ka hōʻike ʻana i ka wā ʻōpio i nā maʻi a me nā mea microbial i nā ʻāina hana e alakaʻi ai i ka hōʻemi o ka stimulate o ka ʻōnaehana pale a no laila ka hoʻonui ka helu o ka poʻe me nā maʻi ʻino.

Ke maʻi ʻaʻano ke kanaka i ʻelua a ʻekolu paha mau mea ʻokoʻa, kapa ʻia ia he cross-allergy. ʻO kēia no ka mea ʻo nā alergen i nīnau ʻia he mau protein maʻamau. 

ʻO nā mea pākuʻi kea kaulana loa:

• Allergy i ka waiū o ka bipi, hipa a me kao. "ʻO ka homology ma waena o nā proteins waiū o ka bipi, hipa a me ke kao ka mea i ʻoi aku ma mua o 80%", kuhikuhi i ka loea;
• allergy i ka latex a me kekahi mau huaʻai e like me kiwi, maiʻa a me ka avocado;
• allergy i nā pollens a me nā mea kanu maka a me nā huaʻai (apple + birch).