Pehea e ulu ai i nā halo ma ka home

Ma hea e kūʻai ai i nā halo no ka ulu ʻana i ka home

He nui ka poʻe e noʻonoʻo: i mea e ulu ai i kahi halo, pono ʻoe e ʻimi mua iā ia i loko o ka nahele, ʻeli, ʻokiʻoki, a lūlū i loko o ka māla. I kēia manawa ua maʻalahi nā mea a pau. I loko o nā hale kūʻai kīhāpai - nā hōʻikeʻike holoʻokoʻa o nā pūʻulu halo me ka mycelium.

Ua lawa wale ke kūʻai ʻana i kahi ʻeke, aia ma ke kua kahi ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka hānai pono ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i kēia ʻano ʻano halo.

kūlana ulu

Hiki ke ulu i kekahi mau halo, e like me ka ʻoyster mushrooms a me nā champignons, ma ka home - i loko o ka hale a i ʻole ka hale lole. Akā ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hānai iā lākou i ka māla.

ʻAʻole paʻakikī ka ulu ʻana i nā halo e like me ka mea i ʻike mua ʻia. ʻO ka mea mua, ponoʻoe e hoʻoholo i nā mea āu e makemake ai - nā halo waiu, nā halo, boletus, nā halo a me nā champignons. Inā loaʻa i kāu pūnaewele kahi ʻāpana o ka nahele - maikaʻi ia. Eia nō naʻe, pono ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo i ka nahele he deciduous a coniferous paha. Aia ia i ka mycelium hiki ke aʻa i laila a hana i kahi kino hua. Akā inā ʻaʻohe nahele kokoke, ʻaʻole ia he mea nui, he māla ko kēlā me kēia kahua.

Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā ʻōpala no ka ulu ʻana i nā halo. No ka laʻana, aia kahi ʻōpala i waiho ʻia mai kekahi kumu lāʻau, mai uhuki ʻoe - ma ʻaneʻi hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohua i ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa o nā halo. E kūʻai i ka mycelium - a hele! Aia kekahi mau halo hoʻoilo me ka ʻōpala e "maʻi" i ka hāʻule. Mai hopohopo, ʻaʻole lākou e make. ʻO ka mea'ē aʻe, i ka pūnāwai, i ka manawa e hoʻomehana ai ka lā i ke aka, e hoʻomaka lākou e ulu. Hiki iā ʻoe ke koho i kahi ʻano ʻano kauwela - ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hele hewa.

kanu halo

ʻO ke kanu ʻana i nā halo e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka mycelium.

Ma nā kumu lāʻau. Kūʻai ʻia nā halo kumu lāʻau e like me ka ʻoyster mushrooms, autumn mushrooms, shiitake, nameko a me tremella ice mushrooms ma ke ʻano o nā lāʻau i loaʻa i ka mycelium. Ua ulu lākou ma luna o nā lāʻau o kekahi ʻano lāʻau (i hōʻike ʻia i nā kuhikuhi) me ke anawaena o 10 - 20 cm a me ka lōʻihi o 1 m, kahi e hana ʻia ai nā lua ma kahi mamao o 20 cm mai kēlā me kēia a hohonu ma mua o ka. ka lōʻihi o ka lāʻau. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā lāʻau a hiki i ke kū, a ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka lua me nā pahu lāʻau, wax a pālolo paha - i ʻole e komo ka bacteria a me nā spores i loko.

Wehe ʻia nā lāʻau i loko o kahi lumi ʻeleʻele a pulu, pono e hoʻoheheʻe maikaʻi ʻia, a waiho ʻia e ulu i ka mycelium. Ma hope o 2 - 4 mau mahina e ʻike ʻoe i kahi "moli" keʻokeʻo - ʻo ia ka mycelium. Akā a hiki i ka ʻike ʻia ʻana, pono e hoʻoinu ʻia nā lāʻau 2-3 mau manawa i ka pule no 10-15 mau minuke.

Ma hope o ka puka ʻana o ka mycelium, ʻeli ʻia nā lāʻau i loko o ka māla a i ʻole i loko o ka hale kōmaena ma kahi kihi. A ma hope o 1 - 2 mau pule, e ʻike ʻia nā kumu o nā kino hua ma luna o lākou.

Aia kekahi mau koho ʻē aʻe no ka ulu ʻana i nā halo lāʻau. No ka laʻana, kūʻai ʻia ka mycelium oyster mushroom ma kahi substrate palaoa (1), ka mea maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia no ka ulu ʻana i nā halo i loko o nā ʻeke - hoʻopiha ʻia lākou me nā mea kanu: lau, sawdust, mauʻu, buckwheat husks a me ka pepa pahu. A hiki ke ulu ʻia ka halo shiitake i loko o ka ʻōpala paina (2).

I ka lepo. ʻO nā halo lepo, no ka laʻana, porcini, boletus, boletus, boletus, nā halo waiū i kanu ʻia i ka lepo. A ke kūʻai ʻia nei kā lākou mycelium ma ke ʻano o nā ʻano cereals i loaʻa i ka mycelium. Pono kēlā me kēia ʻano halo i kāna lāʻau ponoʻī inā ulu lākou i ka symbiosis. He aha nā lāʻau e pono ai - hōʻike ʻia ma nā ʻōlelo kuhikuhi ma ka pā.

No ka hoʻouluʻana i ia mau halo, ua hanaʻia nā puka 3 a puni ka lāʻau me ke anawaena o 10 - 15 knm a me ka hohonu o 20 knm. Ua uhi ʻia lākou me ka compost, ua kau ʻia nā ʻāpana mycelium ma luna, a ua uhi ʻia lākou me ka compost ma luna a hoʻopaʻa māmā ʻia. Hoʻopili ʻia nā lua me ka moss, nā lau maloʻo a me nā lālā, a laila hoʻoinu ʻia nā mea kanu - i loko o 1 bākeke wai no kēlā me kēia lua. I mea e aʻa maikaʻi ai kēlā mycelium, pono ia e hoʻoinu iā ia i kēlā me kēia manawa me kahi hopena o ke kō - 2 teaspoons no 10 lita o ka wai.

"E mākaukau ʻoe no ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, i ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā koi āpau, ʻaʻole ʻoe e ʻohi i ka makahiki mua," ʻōlelo aʻo. mea akamai i ka māla ʻo Tatyana Kudryashova. - E hana ʻia i ka makahiki aʻe a i ʻole ʻelua makahiki ma hope. ʻO kēlā ʻano halo capricious! ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lūlū ʻana i nā halo i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pūnāwai, i ka wā i hoʻoheheʻe ai ka hau a ua mahana ka honua. A hiki i ka wela, ʻino ke ola. I ka pūnāwai, nui ka wai, ua lawa ka ua, ʻaʻole wela ka lā. He mea nui hoʻi e pono ʻoe e hoʻoinu i ka mycelium ʻaʻole i hoʻokahi manawa i ka pule, e like me ka mea maʻamau, akā i ka manawa hiki.

A ʻo ka ulu ʻana o nā halo e pili ana i ka mahana. ʻO ka lalo, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka mycelium.

Lāmele keʻokeʻo

ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hānai ʻana i nā halo keʻokeʻo. ʻO ka hana mua, ʻo ia ka ʻeli ʻana i kahi awāwa hohonu a ākea ma ka bayonet spade.

"A laila e ʻeli i kahi ʻāpana ma ka ʻākau a me ka hema, e puʻunaue i nā ʻāpana like a hoʻohuli i ka turf," wahi a kāna ʻōlelo aʻo. Tatiana Kudryashova. - Pono kahi moena humus no ka boletus, inā ʻaʻole ia e ola. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻāpana mycelium ma luna a kāpīpī ʻia me ka humus, uhi ʻia me ka turf i wehe ʻia a kāpīpī ʻia me ka wai.

Ke aʻa ka mycelium a ʻike ʻia nā kino hua o nā halo, hiki ke hoʻopau loa i ka wai a me ka mālama.

No laila, hiki ke hānai i nā halo porcini, boletus, boletus, boletus ma ka pūnaewele.

Fish

No ka ulu ʻana i nā champignons, pono ʻoe i ka compost maikaʻi a i ʻole semi-decomposed mauʻu lio liʻiliʻi (3).

ʻO kēia mau haloʻa he mea kupanaha loa: ʻaʻole lākou e ulu ma ka ʻāina a i ka lā ākea, pono lākou i ka pale ʻana, kekahi mau ʻano a me nā kūlana mahana, no laila pono e loaʻa kahi wahi no lākou ma kahi kihi malu o ka māla.

ʻO nā pana o nā champignons e like me ka ʻōpala keʻokeʻo, e hoʻoheheʻe mālie ʻia i loko o nā puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi - ʻo ia nā halo e hiki mai ana. A laila ʻike ʻia kahi ʻōpuʻu liʻiliʻi a me kahi pāpale e like me ka nui o ke poʻo pine, a laila he halo.

Pehea e hoʻonui ai i ka hua o nā halo i loko o ka māla

Hiki ke paʻa loa ka hua o nā halo i kūʻai ʻia mai ka mycelium. No ka laʻana, hiki ke hōʻiliʻili ʻia ka aila ma lalo o ka lāʻau hoʻokahi 6 - 17 mau ʻāpana, boletus a me boletus - 5 - 15 mau ʻāpana, nā halo porcini - 2 - 5 kg, shiitake - a hiki i 4 kg no ka log, nā halo ʻo - 20 - 50% o ka nui. kaumaha o ka laau.

Akā inā makemake ʻoe e hoʻonui i ka hua o nā halo, e lawe mai i ka ʻāina mai ka nahele. Pono ʻoe e ʻimi i kahi me ka mycelium o ka hoihoi iā mākou, no ka laʻana, keʻokeʻo a ʻaila paha, e wehe pono i ka lepo 15 cm mānoanoa a lawe mai i kāu pūnaewele. A ma ka pūnaewele, e wehe i ka sod o ka nui like a kau i ka lepo nahele ma kēia wahi. A ma luna ona e lūlū i ka mycelium i kūʻai ʻia.

Ma ke ala, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke kūʻai i ka mycelium. E lawe mai i kahi halo kahiko a ilo ʻole mai ka ululāʻau, ʻoki i kona pāpale, hui pū me ka lepo lāʻau a lūlū ma lalo o nā kumulāʻau. A ma hope o kekahi manawa, ʻike ʻia nā halo ma kēia wahi.

Nā nīnau a me nā pane kaulana

Ua kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i ka ulu ʻana i nā halo me agronomist-breeder Svetlana Mikhailova - ua haʻi ʻo ia i nā kikoʻī e pili ana i ka ulu ʻana i nā ʻano ʻano halo.

Kumuwaiwai o

1. ʻO Alekseenko EN, Polishko TM, Vinnikov AI Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka ulu ʻana i ka mycelium o nā haʻani Plearotus ostreatus // Nā Mechanism Regulatory in Biosystems, 2010

   https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/osobennosti-vyraschivaniya-mitseliya-gribov-plearotus-ostreatus

2. Komin PA Ka mahiʻai ʻana o ka halo shiitake (Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler) ma ka sawdust coniferous // Bulletin of the Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University, 2016

   https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/iskusstvennoe-vyraschivanie-griba-shiitake-lentinula-edodes-berk-pegler-na-hvoynyh-opilkah

3. Shuin KA, Zakraevskaya NK, Ippolitova N.Ya. Ka māla mai ka pūnāwai a hiki i ka hāʻule // Minsk, Uradzhay, 1990 - 256 p.