Contents
ʻO ka Hypothyroidism
kahypothyroidism ʻo ia ka hopena o kahi hana ohormones lawa ole e ka ili thyroid, keia kino pepeke e waiho ana ma ke kumu o ka ai, malalo o ka Adamu apple. ʻO ka poʻe i loaʻa i kēia maʻi he mau wahine ma hope o 50 mau makahiki.
Ka mana o ka gland thyroid ma ke kino ka mea nui: ʻo kāna kuleana ke hoʻoponopono i ka metabolism maʻamau o nā cell o ko mākou kino. Mālama ʻo ia i ka hoʻolilo ikehu, ke kaumaha, ka puʻuwai puʻuwai, ka ikaika o ka ʻiʻo, ke ʻano, ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, ka mahana o ke kino, ka ʻai ʻana, a pēlā aku. I na kanaka me hypothyroidism, hana kēia ikehu i ka neʻe mālie.
I ka hoʻomaha, hoʻopau ke kino i ka ikehu e hoʻomau i kāna mau hana koʻikoʻi: ke kahe koko, ka hana o ka lolo, ka hanu, ka ʻeli ʻana, ka mālama ʻana i ka mahana o ke kino. Kapa ʻia kēia ʻo ka kinemona kumu, ka mea i mālama ʻia e nā hormones thyroid. ʻOkoʻa ka nui o ka ikehu i hoʻolilo ʻia mai kēlā me kēia kanaka ma muli o ka nui, ke kaumaha, ka makahiki, ke kāne, a me ka hana o ka thyroid gland. |
Ma Kanada, ma kahi o 1% o nā mākuahypothyroidism, ka na wahine he 2 a 8 manawa i ʻoi aku ka maʻi ma mua o nā kāne. Piʻi ka laha o ka maʻi me ka makahiki, a hiki i ka 10% ma hope o ke 60 makahiki14. Ma Palani, 3,3% o na wahine a me 1,9% o na kane e pili ana i ka hypothyroidism (kumu: HAS: summary of professional recommendations 2007).
ʻO ka hypothyroidism hānau ʻana a i ʻole neonatal
Ma kahi o 1 i loko o 4 pēpē, aia ka hypothyroidism mai ka hānau ʻana ma muli o ka hana ʻino a i ʻole ka hana ʻole o ka thyroid gland. Inā haʻalele ʻole ʻia kahypothyroidism kumulela he hopena koʻikoʻi i ka ulu kino a me ka noʻonoʻo o ke keiki. ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, ma Farani, Kanada a me nā ʻāina hoʻomohala ʻē aʻe, ʻike ʻia kēia maʻi i nā keiki hou a pau, mahalo i kahi hoʻāʻo koko i kūkulu ʻia i ka waena o 1970s e nā mea noiʻi Kanada. Hiki i kēia kānana ke hoʻomaka i ka mālama ʻana mai nā lā mua o ke ola e pale i nā hopena o ka maʻi.1.
ʻO nā hormone thyroid ma lalo o ka mana ʻO nā mea nui 2 hormones hunaia e ka thyroid ʻO T3 (triiodothyronine) a me T4 (tetra-iodothyronine a i ʻole thyroxine). Hoʻomaopopo lāua ʻelua i ka huaʻōlelo "iodine" no ka mea ʻo iodine kekahi o kā lākou ʻāpana, pono no kā lākou hana. ʻO ka nui o nā hormones i hana ʻia aia ma lalo o ka mana o nā kelepa ʻē aʻe, aia i loko o ka lolo: ka hypothalamus a me ka pituitary gland. Kauoha ka hypothalamus i ka gland pituitary e hana i ka hormone TSH (no ka hormone hoʻoikaika thyroid). ʻO ka hopena, hoʻoulu ka hormone TSH i ka thyroid e hana i nā hormones thyroid, me T3 a me T4. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kahi ʻeleʻele thyroid ʻaʻole hoʻoikaika ʻia e ka hoʻāʻo koko e ana i ke kiʻekiʻe o TSH i loko o ke koko. I ka hypothyroidism, kiʻekiʻe ka pae TSH no ka mea, pane ka pituitary gland i ka nele o nā hormones thyroid (T3 a me T4) ma ka huna ʻana i nā TSH hou aʻe. Ma kēiaʻano, ho'āʻo ka pituitary gland e hoʻoulu i ka thyroid e hana i nā hormones. I ke kūlana o ka hyperthyroidism (inā nui loa ka hormone thyroid), hiki ke hoʻololi: haʻahaʻa ka pae TSH no ka ʻike ʻana o ka pituitary gland i ka nui o nā hormone thyroid i loko o ke koko a hoʻōki i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka ʻili thyroid. ʻOiai i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kahi pilikia thyroid, ʻaʻole pinepine nā pae TSH. |
Nā kumu
Ma mua o ka makahiki 1920, ua nele iodine ʻo ia ke kumu nui ohypothyroidism. ʻO ka iodine kahi mineral e pono ai no ke ola a no ka hana ʻana i nā hormones thyroid T3 a me T4. Mai ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka iodine i ka paʻakai paʻakai - hana i hānau ʻia ma Michigan i ka makahiki 1924 no ka nui o nā hihia o ka hypothyroidism - ʻaʻole kakaikahi kēia hemahema ma nā ʻāina ʻoihana. Eia naʻe, e like me nā manaʻo mai ka World Health Organization, kokoke? 2 biliona mau kānaka i ka pilikia o ka iodine deficiency12. ʻO ia ke kumu helu 1 o ka hypothyroidism ma ka honua. Ma nā ʻāina ʻenehana kahi i noi ʻia ai ka poʻe e kaupalena i ka ʻai ʻana i ka paʻakai, aia paha ka pilikia o ka hoʻi hou ʻana o nā hemahema iodine.
I kēia mau lā, ka papa kuhikuhiE kumu ʻO ka hypothyroidism ma nā ʻāina ʻoihana:
- A Hashimoto ke thyroiditis. ʻO kēia maʻi autoimmune ke kumu i ka luku ʻia o ka thyroid gland e ka immune nenoaiu. ʻAʻole hiki i nā kānaka ʻepekema ke wehewehe i ke kumu o kēia maʻi. ʻIke ʻia i kekahi manawa ma muli o ke koʻikoʻi a i ʻole ka maʻi viral, i nā poʻe i loaʻa mua ia.
- Un lapaʻau e hoʻololi i ka thyroid gland. Radioactive iodine lapaʻau e mālama a pālahalaha a i ʻole ka ʻoki ʻana no ka wehe ʻana i ka ʻili thyroid (ma muli o ka nodule, tumor a i ʻole ka maʻi maʻi thyroid) ke kumu o ka hypothyroidism mau ma kahi o 80% o nā hihia. Eia kekahi, he lapaʻau o aila ʻO ka ʻāʻī ke kumu o ka hypothyroidism transient ma kahi o 50% o nā hihia, a me ka hypothyroidism mau ma kahi o 25% o nā hihia.
- A thyroiditis postpartum. I loko o 8-10% o nā wāhine, hiki ke loaʻa ka hopena autoimmune i ka thyroid i kekahi mau pule a i kekahi mau mahina ma hope ohaawi15. Kapa ʻia kēia ʻo "postpartum" thyroiditis. Ma 40% o nā hihia, hiki i kēia thyroiditis ke alakaʻi i ka hypothyroidism, nā hōʻailona o ia mau mea i hōʻailona ʻia. ʻO ka manawa pinepine lākou.
ʻO nā kumu lāʻau ʻē aʻe
- Kekahi nā lāʻauʻona. ʻO ka lithium, no ka laʻana, hoʻohana ʻia no kekahi mau maʻi psychiatric, a i ʻole amiodarone (kahi lāʻau i loaʻa i ka iodine), i kuhikuhi ʻia no ka haunaele o ka puʻuwai, hiki ke alakaʻi i ka hypothyroidism.
- He mea ʻino kumulela ʻo ka thyroid gland, ʻo ia hoʻi mai ka hānau ʻana. I kekahi manawa ʻaʻole ulu maʻamau ka ʻili, a maikaʻi ʻole ka hana. I kēia hihia, ʻike ʻia ka hypothyroidism i kekahi mau lā ma hope o ka hānau ʻana ma muli o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ke koko.
- He hana ʻino o kaka pituitary gland, ka gland e hoʻoponopono i ka thyroid e ka hormone TSH (e hōʻike ana ma lalo o 1% o nā hihia).
- A maʻiʻaʻai bacteria a viral paha i ka thyroid gland.
- E ʻike i ka poʻe i pilikia a me nā ʻāpana pilikia.
Nā pilikia i hiki
Ke waiho ʻole ʻia, hiki i ka maʻi ke loaʻa i nā hopena lōʻihi koʻikoʻi. I na kanaka makua, a myxoedème, he ʻano koʻikoʻi o ka hypothyroidism, hiki ke loaʻa. ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka myxedema he maka ʻūhū, melemele, a maloʻo ka ʻili, ʻike ʻia he mānoanoa. I nā hihia koʻikoʻi, hiki i kekahi mau maʻi (ka maʻi, ke anu, ka ʻeha, ka ʻokiʻoki, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) hiki ke hoʻopau i ka ʻike a i ʻole. coma "Myxedematous". Eia kekahi, hōʻike nā haʻawina i nā poʻe mehypothyroidism no nā makahiki he nui ka pilikia o ka maʻi cardiovascular.
I nā keiki mālama ʻole ʻia, nui nā lohi o ka ulu ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka naʻauao hiki ʻole ke hoʻololi ʻia, i kapa ʻia. cretinism. ʻO ka lapaʻau kūpono, hoʻomaka koke ʻia, e pale pinepine i nā pilikia a me nā hopena.