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😉 Aloha mai e ka poʻe heluhelu mau a hou! I loko o kēia ʻatikala pōkole "Jacques-Louis David: He Biography Pōkole, Nā Kiʻi" - e pili ana i ke ola o kahi mea pena Palani, he ʻelele nui o ka neoclassicism Farani i ka pena. Makahiki o ke ola 1748-1825.
Jacques-Louis David: Kawaihae
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Jacques-Louis David (ʻAukake 30, 1748) i loko o ka ʻohana o kahi bourgeois Parisian waiwai. Ma hope o ka make ʻana o kāna kāne a me ka haʻalele ʻana i kekahi kūlanakauhale ʻē aʻe, haʻalele ka makuahine iā David e hānai ʻia e kona kaikunāne, he mea kākau. Ua pili kēia ʻohana i ka mea pena ʻo François Boucher, nāna i pena i nā kiʻi o ka Marquise de Pompadour.
I kona wā kamaliʻi, ua hoʻomohala ʻo David i kahi makemake no ke kaha kiʻi. Ma Paris Academy of Saint Luke, hele ʻo ia i nā haʻawina kiʻi kiʻi. A laila, ma ka ʻōlelo aʻo a Boucher, hoʻomaka ʻo ia e aʻo me kekahi o nā haku alakaʻi o ka pena mōʻaukala o ka neoclassicism mua, ʻo Joseph Vien.
- 1766 - komo i ka Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture;
- 1775-1780 - hoʻomaʻamaʻa ma ka French Academy ma Roma;
- 1783 – He lālā o ka Academy of Painting;
- 1792 – He lālā o ka ʻAhahui Lahui. Koho no ka make ana o ka Moi Louis XVI;
- 1794 - hoʻopaʻahao ʻia no nā manaʻo kipi ma hope o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni Thermidorian;
- 1797 - lilo ʻo ia i mea pili iā Napoleon Bonaparte, a ma hope o kona hiki ʻana i ka mana - ka ʻaha "mea pena mua";
- 1816 —Ma hope o ka pio ʻana o Bonaparte, ua haʻalele ʻo Jacques-Louis David i Brussels, kahi i make ai i ka makahiki 1825.
ʻO Jacques-Louis David: nā kiʻi pena
I kekahi manawa, he aliʻi aliʻi nāna i kākoʻo i ka French Revolution, ua lanakila mau ʻo David i ka nani hanohano ma ke kiʻi. Ua hana paha ʻo ia i nā kiʻi pena kiʻi maikaʻi loa a kaulana loa i hoʻolaʻa ʻia no ka poʻe haipule ʻo Napoleon.
Me ia a hiki i ka hopena, ua nakinaki ʻo ia i kona hopena. Ma hope o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka mōʻī, ua hoʻomaha ʻo ia i ka hoʻopio ʻana iā ia iho ma Brussels.
Jacques-Louis David. ʻO ke kiʻi paʻa ʻole o Napoleona. 1798 g.
Ua pena ʻo David iā Napoleon i kona wā he general i ka makahiki 1797. ʻOiai ʻaʻole i pau ke kiʻi - ka lole o ke kanaka i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi (Paris, Louvre). Hōʻike kupanaha i ka manaʻo a me ka hoʻoholo paʻa o ka Corsican.
"Napoleon ma ka Saint Bernard Pass"
ʻO kekahi o nā kiʻi pena kaulana loa a ka mea pena, ʻo ia ke kiʻi o Napoliona, ka pūkaua nui o ka hoʻouka kaua lanakila o Italia.
Hoʻopiha ʻia kēia mea hana nui o ka makahiki 1801 (National Museum, Malmaison) i kahi manaʻo ikaika baroque, kahi i hōʻike ai ka mea pena iā Bonaparte ma luna o ka lio. Huli ka puahiohio i ka mane o ka argamak a me ka ʻaʻahu o ka mea holo lio – i ke kua o nā ao pōʻeleʻele i alakaʻi ʻia e ka puahiohio like.
"Napoleon ma ka Saint Bernard Pass. 1801 “
Me he mea lā ke huki nei nā mana o ke ʻano iā Bonepate i kona hopena. ʻO ka hele ʻana i nā Alps e hōʻailona i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka lanakila lanakila o Italia. Ma kēia, ua hahai ka Corsican i nā meʻe nui o ka wā i hala. Aia ma ka mua o ke kiʻi nā inoa i kālai ʻia ma nā pōhaku: "Hannibal", "Charlemagne".
ʻOiai ʻokoʻa ka "ʻoiaʻiʻo" o ke kiʻi mai ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka mōʻaukala - ua lanakila ʻo Napoliona i ka hala ma ke kua o ka miula i ka lā lā - ʻo ia kekahi o nā kiʻi ʻoiaʻiʻo loa o ka luna.
Ua hana pū ʻo Jacques-Louis David a me kāna mau haumāna i ʻelua kiʻi pena nui e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke au o ke aupuni. ʻO kekahi o lākou, 1810, ua kapa ʻia ʻo "Presentation of the Banners by the Emperor" (Versailles, National Museum of the Palaces of Versailles and Trianon).
ʻO kēia kekahi o nā mea hana liʻiliʻi i hana ʻia no Napoleon, kahi i ʻike ʻia ai ka mea kūʻai aku nāna i mālama i ka hoʻokō ʻana i ke kauoha.
Ma ke kuhikuhi a Bonaparte, pono ʻo David e wehe i ka silhouette o ke akua wahine Roma o ka lanakila, ʻo Victoria ma luna o nā kiʻi e paʻa ana i nā hae.
"Ka Leialii o ka Emepera Napoleona"
Ua kūʻē kēia ʻōlelo hoʻohālikelike i ka manaʻo a me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka mōʻaukala i manaʻo ʻia e ka mōʻī mai kēia ʻano hana. I kekahi hihia ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻololi ka mea pena kiʻi i ka hoʻolālā kumu o ka haku mele ʻana o kahi canvas monumental - "Coronation", i kākau ʻia ma 1805-1808 (Paris, Louvre).
ʻOiai ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka hana holoʻokoʻa o ka hana ma kahi loina like - hōʻike ʻia ka mō'ī ma kahi dais - aia kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa ma ʻaneʻi. Ua hāʻawi ka manaʻo ikaika o ke koa i ka hanohano nani o ka hana poni.
Ka Leialii o Emepera Napoliona a me Empress Josephine ma Notre Dame Cathedral ma Dekemaba 2, 1804 Louvre, Paris
Hōʻike ʻia nā kiʻi kiʻi no ka pena kiʻi a David i ka wā e hiki mai ana ua ʻimi ka mea pena e hōʻike i kahi manawa o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka mōʻaukala. Ua lawe o Bonepate i ka lei emepera mai ka lima mai o ka Pope, ua hoolei ia ia iho me ia, e hoike maopopo ana i ke kumu hookahi o kona mana emepera.
Me he mea lā, he haʻaheo loa kēia ʻano. No laila, ma ke ʻano o ka hana hoʻolaha o ka hana kiʻi, hōʻike ka pena kiʻi i kahi emepera e hoʻoalii ana i kāna wahine me ka lei aliʻi.
Akā naʻe, ua mālama maoli ka hana i ka hōʻailona o ka autocracy o Napoleon, hiki ke heluhelu ʻia no ka mea nānā. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona o ka hoʻolaʻa imperial o Josephine e hoʻihoʻi hou i ke kumu haku mele o ka poni ʻia ʻana o Maria e Iesū, i laha nui ʻia i ka hana Farani o ka hopena o ka Middle Ages.
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Ma kēia wikiō ʻike, nā kiʻi pena a me nā ʻike hou aʻe ma "Jacques-Louis David: A Brief Biography"
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