ʻO ka lobe mua (mai ka Greek lobos) kekahi o nā ʻāpana o ka lolo ma ke alo o ka cranium.

wahi. Aia ka lobe mua ma ke alo o ka lolo, ma lalo o ka iwi mua. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo ia mai nā lobes ʻē aʻe e nā ʻāpana like ʻole:

• ʻO ka sulcus waena, a i ʻole Rolando sulcus, e hoʻokaʻawale i ka lobe mua mai ka lobe parietal;
• ʻO ka sulcus lateral, a i ʻole Sylvian sulcus, e hoʻokaʻawale i ka lobe mua mai ka lobe parietal a me ke kino.

ʻO ke ʻano nui. ʻO ka lobe mua kekahi o nā ʻāpana o ka lolo. ʻO ka hope ka hapa nui o ka lolo a noho i ka hapa nui. Hana ʻia ia me nā neurons, aia nā kino o ia mea ma ka ʻaoʻao a hana i ka mea hina. Kapa ʻia kēia ʻili waho he cortex. ʻO nā hoʻolōʻihi o kēia mau kino, i kapa ʻia ʻo nā nerve fibers, aia i waenakonu a lilo i mea keʻokeʻo. Kapa ʻia kēia ʻili o loko ka ʻāina medullary (1) (2). ʻO nā ʻāwaha he nui, a i ʻole nā ​​māwae i ka hohonu, ʻike ʻia nā wahi like ʻole i loko o ka lolo. ʻO ka māwae longitudinal o ka lolo e hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻelua mau ʻāpana, hema a ʻākau. Hoʻopili ʻia kēia mau hemispheres i kekahi i kekahi e nā commissures, ʻo ka mea nui o ia ka corpus callosum. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēlā me kēia ʻāpana, ma o ka sulcus mua, i ʻehā lobes: ka lobe mua, ka lobe parietal, ka lobe temporal a me ka lobe occipital (2) (3).

Nā kūkulu ʻelua a kiʻekiʻe. Loaʻa i ka lobe mua ka lua a me ka tertiary grooves, e hiki ai ke hana i nā convolutions i kapa ʻia he gyri. ʻO nā gyri lobe mua mua:

• ka gyrus waena,
• ka gyrus mua o luna,
• ka gyrus mua waena,
• ka gyrus mua haʻahaʻa.

Hoʻopili ʻia ka cerebral cortex me nā hana noʻonoʻo a me ka sensitivomotor, a me ke kumu a me ka hoʻomalu ʻana o ka ʻiʻo ʻana o ka ʻiʻo. Hāʻawi ʻia kēia mau hana like ʻole i nā lobes like ʻole o ka lolo (1).

ʻO ka lobe mua e hui pū i nā hana kaʻa, a ʻoi aku ka manawaleʻa. Hoʻokaʻawale kekahi i ke kahua kaʻa mua ma ka pae o ka gyrus precentral, a me ka wahi o Broca, kahi e pili ana i ka haʻiʻōlelo. Loaʻa i ka lobe mua nā ʻāpana no ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻike (2) (3).

Hiki ke ulu i kekahi mau pathologies i ka lobe mua a hoʻopilikia i ka ʻōnaehana nerve waena. He ʻokoʻa nā kumu a hiki i ka degenerative, vascular a i ʻole kumu kumu, kekahi mau pathologies

Kaʻi ʻana. ʻO ka pōʻino o ka cerebrovascular, a i ʻole ka hahau ʻana, hiki i ka wā i paʻa ai ke kīʻaha koko, e like me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā ʻūhā koko a i ʻole ka naha ʻana o kahi moku4. Hiki i kēia pathology ke hoʻopili i nā hana o ka lobe mua.

ʻeha poʻo. Ua like ia me ka ha'alulu i ke ki'eki'e o ka iwi po'o i hiki ke ho'opō'ino i ka lolo, ma ke ki'eki'e o ka lobe mua. (5)

Sclerosis lehulehu. ʻO kēia pathology kahi maʻi autoimmune o ke kikowaena pūnaewele. Hoʻopuka ka ʻōnaehana pale i ka myelin, ka uhi e hoʻopuni ana i nā olonā nerve, e hoʻoulu ai i nā hopena hoʻāla. (6)

ʻO ka lolo lolo. Hiki ke ulu aʻe nā maʻi maʻi ʻino a i ʻole ma ka lolo, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma ka lobe mua. (7)

ʻO nā maʻi maʻi degenerative cerebral. Hiki i kekahi mau pathologies ke alakaʻi i nā loli i ka ʻiʻo nerve i loko o ka lolo.

ʻO ka maʻi o Alzheimer. Loaʻa ia i ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā kumu naʻau me ka nalowale o ka hoʻomanaʻo a i ʻole ka noʻonoʻo. (8)

ʻO ka maʻi Parkinson. Hōʻike ʻia ʻo ia e ka haʻalulu i ka wā hoʻomaha, ka lohi ʻana a me ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka laulā o ka neʻe. (9)

Nā hōʻailona lapaʻau. Ma muli o ka pathology i ʻike ʻia, hiki ke kuhikuhi ʻia kekahi mau lāʻau e like me nā lāʻau anti-inflammatory.

ʻO Thrombolyse. Hoʻohana ʻia i ka wā o nā hahau, ʻo kēia ka mālama ʻana i ka haki ʻana i ka thrombi, a i ʻole ke koko clots, me ke kōkua o nā lāʻau. (4)

Lapaʻau ʻoki kino. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ke ʻano o ka maʻi maʻi i ʻike ʻia, hiki ke hana ʻia ke ʻoki.

ʻO Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hoʻomōhala hoʻomōhala. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ke ʻano a me ke kahua o ka tumo, e hoʻokō ʻia paha kēia mau mālama ʻana.

Ke kaulike. ʻO ka mea mua, hana ʻia kahi hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua i mea e ʻike ai a loiloi ai i nā ʻōuli i ʻike ʻia e ka mea maʻi.

ʻO nā hoʻokolohua kiʻi olakino. No ka hoʻokumu ʻana a i ʻole ka hōʻoia ʻana i kahi hōʻailona, ​​​​hiki ke hana ʻia kahi cerebral a spinal CT scan a i ʻole cerebral MRI.

nā lāʻau kanu. Aia kēia hōʻike i kahi laʻana o nā hunaola.

Pahu lumbar. Hāʻawi kēia hōʻike i ka wai cerebrospinal e kālailai.

Hoʻohanohano ʻia e ka neurosurgeon Farani ʻo Paul Broca i ka makahiki 1861, ʻo ka wahi ʻo Broca ka wahi e pili ana i ka hana ʻana o ka ʻōlelo.