ʻO Marmalade

ʻOno, nani a olakino. Hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia kēia mau mea e pili ana i ka momona punahele o nā keiki a me nā pākeke - marmalade. ʻO kēia mea ʻono kekahi o nā mea liʻiliʻi a nā kauka e ʻōlelo ai e ʻai. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka pono wale nō, ʻo ia hoʻi, kahi huahana kūlohelohe, hiki ke lawe mai i nā pono. He aha kona hoʻohana, a he aha ka pōʻino e hiki ai i ke kanaka, e hoʻomaopopo mākou i nā kikoʻī.

I ka moolelo o

Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka wahi hānau o ka marmalade ʻo Asia Minor, kahi i lawe ʻia mai ai e nā ʻEulopa ma hope o ka Crusades. I kēlā mau lā, no ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻohi ʻana ma ka Hikina Hikina a me ke Kaiwaenahonua Hikina, ua hoʻolapalapa ʻia ka hua i ʻohi ʻia i kahi kūlana gel-like.

ʻO ka inoa "marmalade" ma ka ʻōlelo Farani ʻo ia ka "quince marshmallow". Kapa ka ʻōlelo Pelekania i kēia huaʻōlelo jam i hana ʻia mai nā ʻalani a i ʻole nā ​​hua citrus ʻē aʻe, a ʻo ka poʻe Kelemania - kēlā me kēia jam a jam paha ^[1]. I Rusia, ua loaʻa i kēia mea momona ka inoa "fruit jelly".

Nā ʻano huahana

Aia kekahi mau papa inoa o ka marmalade. E like me ke ʻano o ka hoʻokumu ʻana, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā huahana i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, layered a ʻokiʻoki. Ma muli o ke kaʻina hana ʻenehana a me nā ʻano o ka meaʻai, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka marmalade i ka unlazed, glazed, partially glazed, kāpīpī ʻia (sugar, cocoa powder, coconut flakes), i hoʻopiha ʻia, me nā inclusions, glossy, multi-layered.

ʻO Marmalade, ma muli o ka ʻāpana gelling ma ke kumu i hana ʻia ai, ua māhele ʻia i nā hua (ma muli o kahi kumu gelling maoli), jelly-fruit (ma muli o kahi hui gelling maoli a me gelling agent) a me ka jelly a chewy (ma muli o ma luna o kahi mea hana gelling). Hiki i ka Agar-agar, pectin a i ʻole gelatin ke hana ma ke ʻano he kumu gelling.

ʻO ka marmalade gummy

Ua ʻike hou ʻia ke ʻano o nā mea ʻono i ko mākou ʻāina, i ka makahiki 90. ^[2]. Ua loaʻa koke ka kaulana i waena o nā keiki a me nā pākeke, no ka mea he nui nā mea maikaʻi ma mua o nā ʻano marmalade ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka mea mua o lākou ʻaʻole ia e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a ʻaʻole pili i nā lima, no laila he mea maʻalahi ia no kahi kīʻaha momona. ʻO ka lua o ka pono o ka chewing (jelly) marmalade ʻo ia ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka calorie, a ʻo ke kolu ʻo kona "ola lōʻihi". Nui nā ʻano ʻano o kēia maʻi maʻa i kēia lā. Hoʻohana maikaʻi ʻia kēia manaʻo e nā mea hana o ka vitamina a me ka mineral complexes no nā keiki.

I ka hana ʻana i nā mea ʻono jelly, hoʻohui i nā mea huaʻai, gelatin, pectin, molasses a me kahi hui wax-a-momona. Hāʻawi kēia mau mea i ka marmalade me kahi ʻili a me ka elasticity. Kāohi ʻo Wax i ka pipili ʻana o nā kiʻi pākahi, hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi i nā niho a me nā mucosa waha, a hoʻopau iā lākou. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma kahi o ka nau ʻana.

Hoʻohui ʻia o ka huahana

Loaʻa i ka Marmalade nā mea like ʻole. ^[3]:

• gelling agent: agar-agar (0,8-1%), gelatin, pectin (1-1,5%), carrageenan, agaroid, furcellaran a i ʻole. ^[4];
• ke kō (50-60%), ka molasses (20-25%), ka syrup-molasses, fructose;
• nā huaʻai a / a i ʻole nā ​​​​wai huaʻai a i ʻole purees;
• mea hoʻohui meaʻai (acidifiers, flavors, stabilizers, emulsifiers, dyes) ^[5].

Mahalo i kēia mau ʻāpana, loaʻa i ka marmalade nā ʻano mea like ʻole a me nā mea: nā kalapona, nā waikawa organik, nā minela (calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium), nā huaora (ascorbic a me nicotinic acid, B vitamins).

hua pectin

ʻO ka Pectin kahi polysaccharide, ʻo ia hoʻi, kahi waiʻaʻa paʻakikī e pili ana i ka fiber mea kanu wai. Loaʻa iā ia ka waiwai o ka mānoanoa o ka wai, e lilo i gel i loko o ka wai. No laila, mālama ka pectin i ka makū, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai. ʻO Pectin ke kumu (kumu) o ka marmalade kiʻekiʻe.

Jelly

ʻO Agar-agar kahi mea hana gelling i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai nā limu ʻulaʻula a me ka ʻulaʻula. Loaʻa iā ia ka hiki ke adsorb i ka wai, hoʻonui nui i ka nui. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole momona ka agar, no laila hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia nā huahana confectionery e pili ana iā ia e ka poʻe e ʻai ana. ^[6].

ʻO Gelatin

Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Gelatin ma ke ʻano he ʻano gelling kaulana a kūʻai ʻole no ka hana ʻana i ka marmalade. ʻO Gelatin kahi mea hana gelling o nā holoholona. Hana ʻia ia mai ka ʻiʻo pili (cartilage, ligaments, tendons) a me ka ʻili o nā holoholona pepehi. Loaʻa i ka Gelatin nā haʻalulu a me nā waikawa amino, no laila ʻoi aku ka nui o ka calorie ma mua o nā mea gelling ʻē aʻe. ^[7].

Nā Hoʻoponopono Nutritional

ʻO ka marmalade maoli i loko o kona haku ʻana ʻaʻole i loaʻa i nā mea hoʻohui meaʻai - ʻaʻole nā ​​​​mea ʻono a ʻaʻole hoʻi i nā kala. ʻO ke kala a me ka ʻala o ka huahana ma muli o kāna hua maoli a i ʻole nā ​​hua berry. ʻO ka marmalade "Artificial" he mau kemika, me nā meaʻai like ʻole E-additives - stabilizers, emulsifiers, preservatives, antioxidants, dyes, flavors. ʻO ke kala ʻulaʻula, ka ʻala momona a me ke ola lōʻihi ka hōʻailona mua o ka marmalade he "artificial". ʻO ka nui o ka "E" i loko o ka huahana, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka pōmaikaʻi i ke kino.

ʻO Marmalade kahi huahana confectionery kiʻekiʻe-calorie. ʻO ka nui o ka calorie e pili ana i ka nui o ke kō a me ke ʻano o ka gelling component i loko o kāna ʻano a hiki ke ʻano like ʻole - mai 275 a 360 kcal no 100 g. ^[8].

ʻEnehana hana

No ka hōʻoia ʻana he huahana pono ka marmalade, pono ʻoe e hoʻomaʻamaʻa iā ʻoe iho me nā hiʻohiʻona o kāna hana ʻana. ʻO ke kaʻina hana ʻenehana no ka hana ʻana i nā mea ʻono kūlohelohe e pili ana i kona ʻano a me kāna ʻano. ^[9]. Hiki ke hōʻike ʻia kahi hoʻolālā ʻenehana maʻalahi no ka hana ʻana i kahi huaʻai a i ʻole nā ​​​​hua-jelly delicacies ma ke ʻano he mau ʻano he nui:

1. Ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā mea kanu hua a me nā hua.
2. ʻO nā mea hoʻoheheʻe gelling.
3. Ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i kahi kumu momona (mai ke kō, fructose, molasses a me nā mea ʻē aʻe).
4. ʻO ka paila ʻana i ka hua (berry) nuipa me kahi mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a me kahi kumu kō.
5. E hoʻoluʻu i ka jelly mass a ninini i loko o nā mole.
6. Hoʻomaloʻo, ʻokiʻoki, kāpīpī i nā huahana.
7. Hoʻopili a hoʻopaʻa i nā huahana ^[10].

Hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka marmalade ma muli o kahi ʻenehana i hoʻololi iki ʻia. Ua ninini ʻia ka hua jelly i loko o nā ʻano hoʻoheheʻe i hoʻopiha ʻia me ka starch kulina. Ma hope o ka ninini ʻana i ka marmalade i loko o nā ʻōpala, hoʻomaʻalili ʻia lākou no hoʻokahi lā, a laila wehe ʻia mai nā ʻōpala a hoʻopau ʻia. Ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana mai ka starch, hoʻouna ʻia nā huahana i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka pahu, kahi e mālama ʻia ai lākou me nā aila kūlohelohe e hāʻawi iā lākou i ka mālamalama.

ʻOkoʻa iki ke kaʻina hana o ka marmalade "artificial" mai ka ʻenehana maʻamau no ka hana ʻana i nā mea momona mai nā huahana kūlohelohe, koe wale nō ka pae mua. Hoʻololi ʻia nā hua maoli a me nā hua i loko o ia huahana e nā mea hoʻohui meaʻai.

Nā Waiwai Pono

Hiki i ka marmalade maoli ke hōʻike i nā waiwai pono no ke kino kanaka. ʻO kāna mau mea kūlohelohe e pili i ke kino pākahi, a hoʻoikaika pū kekahi i nā hana a kekahi.

ʻO ka marmalade kiʻekiʻe mai nā mea kūlohelohe:

• hoʻoulu i ka motility o ka ʻōpū, kahi e hoʻomaha ai i ka constipation;
• hoʻopaʻa i nā toxins, radionuclides, paʻakai o nā metala kaumaha, nā momona a hoʻoneʻe iā lākou mai ke kino ^[6];
• pale i ka komo ʻana o ka cholesterol, pale i ka ulu ʻana o ka atherosclerosis;
• hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana o ke ake a me ka pancreas;
• hoʻihoʻi i ke ʻano o ka ʻili, ka lauoho, nā kui ^[7];
• hoʻopiha i ke kino me nā huaora PP a me C;
• hoʻemi i ka ʻai, no laila hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka ʻai ʻai;
• hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana lolo;
• loaʻa i kahi hopena antidepressant liʻiliʻi;
• hoʻokuʻu i nā hōʻailona o kahi hangover mālie.

Inā hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka marmalade ma ke kumu o ka agar-agar, hiki iā ia ke lilo i kumu iodine no ke kino, a inā i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka fructose ma mua o ke kō, hiki ke lilo i huahana maʻi maʻi. ^[11]. ʻO ka hoʻohana mau ʻana i ka marmalade kūlohelohe kiʻekiʻe i nā helu liʻiliʻi e kōkua i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā ʻōpū, a hoʻomaʻamaʻa hoʻi i ka metabolism i ke kino.

Ma nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia ka marmalade kūlohelohe i ka meaʻai o ka poʻe i kahi meaʻai (koe wale nō ka mea ʻai ʻole ka carbohydrate). ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana ia mea no ka ʻai ʻai ke lilo ka manaʻo o ka pololi. Ke hoʻohana nei i ka marmalade i ka wā o ka meaʻai, pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ʻo ka nui o nā mea maikaʻi i hiki ke ʻai ʻia i ka lā ʻaʻole pono ma mua o 50 g.

Pōʻino hiki

ʻOiai ka laulā o nā waiwai pono, hiki i ka marmalade ke pōʻino. ʻO ka mea mua, pili ia i ka nui o ke kō i loko. He mea ʻino ka nui o ka carbohydrate ma ka marmalade no ka maʻi diabetes. ʻO ka pinepine a me ka nui ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia e nā poʻe olakino a me nā keiki: hoʻopau ka glucose i ka enamel niho a hoʻonui i ka ukana ma ka pancreas.

ʻOkoʻa ke kūlana me ka marmalade "artificial". Loaʻa iā ia nā mea hoʻohui meaʻai e pōʻino ai nā mea a pau, a ʻoi aku hoʻi no nā keiki, nā maʻi allergy a me nā maʻi asthmatics. ʻAʻole hiki ke wānana i ka hopena o kēia a i ʻole kēlā mea hoʻohui i ke kino, no laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hōʻole ʻana i ka hana "artificial". ʻO nā mea hoʻohui meaʻai kemika hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia i ka marmalade e pili ana i ke kino o ke kanaka ma nā ʻano like ʻole. ^[5]:

• hoʻonāukiuki i ke ʻano o nā hopena hyperergic (ka ʻāʻī, ka ʻāʻī, ka pehu, ka hānō);
• hoʻopilikia i ke kaʻina hana o ka digestive (nausea, luaʻi, kaumaha i loko o ka ʻōpū, ka ʻōpū);
• hoʻomāhuahua i ka mimi;
• hoʻopau i ka hana cardiac;
• paʻakikī i ka hana o ka lolo;
• hāʻawi i ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā cell germ;
• loaʻa i kahi hopena carcinogenic.

I ʻole e loaʻa ka pōʻino mai kahi meaʻai ʻono, pono ʻoe e makaʻala i ke kūʻai ʻana i kēia huahana. ʻO ka koho maikaʻi loa ka hana ʻana i ka marmalade kūlohelohe iā ʻoe iho.

Pehea e koho

Ke koho ʻana i ka marmalade i loko o kahi hale kūʻai, pono ʻoe e hoʻolohe i ke ʻano o ka paʻi, ka lepili a me ke ʻano o nā huahana. ^[12]. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka makemake i ka marmalade i loko o ka pahu aniani hoʻokahi: ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka ʻike ʻana i ke ʻano o ka huahana, ka mea hana, ka lā pau, a me ka loiloi i kona ʻano. Pono e ho'oma'ema'e, pa'a, ho'opa'a.

Pono e loaʻa i ka pūʻolo kahi lepili me ka ʻike piha e pili ana i ka huahana (ka hoʻohui ʻana, nā kūlana a me ke ola mālama) a me kāna mea hana.

Pono nō hoʻi e hoʻolohe i kekahi mau ʻano organoleptic o ka delicacy:

1. ʻO ke ʻano. Pono nā huahana i ke ʻano like, me ka ʻole o nā ʻāpana o ka caking, deformation a me ka heheʻe. I nā hiʻohiʻona multilayer, pono e ʻike maopopo ʻia nā papa āpau.
2. kalakala. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūʻai ʻana i kahi huahana kala ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula paha.
3. Ili. Pono ke ʻano o ka ʻili o ka huahana i ko lākou helehelena. Inā he gummies, pono e ʻōlinolino ka ʻili. Inā he huahana kēia me ka pipiʻi, pono e pili ka pipi i kona ʻili.
4. Kūlike. Inā ʻae ka ʻeke, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopā i ka marmalade ma o ia: pono ia e palupalu, akā elastic, ma hope o ke kaomi ʻana e hoʻihoʻi i kona ʻano.

Pono ʻoe e makaʻala i nā kūlana mālama o nā mea ʻono. ʻAʻole pono ka mahana o ka mālama ʻana ma mua o 18 ° C, a ʻaʻole pono ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka ea ma mua o 80%. ʻAʻole pono e hōʻike ʻia nā pahu marmalade i ka lā. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia ka waiho ʻana i kahi meaʻai ma kahi kokoke i nā meaʻai pulu a ʻala ikaika paha (iʻa, mea ʻala).

Ma mua o ke kūʻai ʻana, pono ʻoe e nānā i nā lā pau. Mālama ʻia ʻo Marmalade a hana ʻia ma ke kumu o ka pectin a me ka agar-agar no ka ʻoi aku o 3 mau mahina. Inā loaʻa i ka marmalade ka agaroid a me ka furcellaran, ʻaʻole ʻoi aku kona ola ma mua o 1,5 mau mahina. I ka hihia o ka uhaki ʻana i nā kūlana mālama, hoʻemi nui ʻia ke ola o ka papa.

Pehea e kuke ai

No ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka ʻono a me ke olakino, hiki iā ʻoe ke kuke iā ʻoe iho ma ka home. ʻAʻole paʻakikī ke kuke ʻana, ʻoiai hiki i kēlā me kēia wahine wahine ke hoʻololi i kekahi ʻano meaʻai i kona ʻono.

lemona marmalade

No ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana, pono ʻoe i ka wai (2 l), 4 lemona a me ke kō (4 kīʻaha). Pono e ʻoki ʻia nā lemona i ʻāpana a lawe ʻia nā hua mai ia mau mea. I kēia hihia, pono e uhi ʻia nā hua i ka gauze: hiki mai lākou i ka lima. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka lemon i loko o kahi kīʻaha, uhi ʻia me ke kō, waiho ʻia nā hua i ka gauze a ninini ʻia me ka wai. E waiho no hoʻokahi lā ma ka lumi wela.

Hoʻokahi lā ma hope, hoʻokomo ʻia ka pā i ke ahi a hoʻolapalapa ʻia ma hope o ka hoʻolapalapa ʻana ma kahi wela haʻahaʻa no 50 mau minuke. Pono e hoʻoneʻe mau ʻia ka huʻa e ʻike ʻia ma ka ʻili. Manaʻo ʻia ka mākaukau ʻo Marmalade i ka wā e paʻa ai kahi kulu o ka hui ʻana ma kahi pā anu. E ninini i loko o nā poʻi, hoʻoluʻu.

lapaʻau lāʻau

No kēia marmalade, lawe mākou i 1,5 kg o ke kō a me nā raspberries. E hoʻokuʻu i kahi punetune o ka gelatin i ka wai. Pono e pepehi mua ʻia nā Raspberries me kahi mea huila a ʻoki ʻia i kahi kānana maikaʻi e hoʻopau ai i nā hua. Hoʻololi ʻia ka Raspberry puree i kahi kīʻaha, hoʻohui ʻia ka gelatin, lawe ʻia i kahi ʻeha, a laila hui pū ʻia me ke kō a hoʻolapalapa ʻia, e hoʻoulu mau ana, a hiki i ka mānoanoa. E ninini ʻia ka huahana i hoʻopau ʻia i loko o kahi pahu. Ma hope o ka maʻalili, ʻoki a kāpīpī me ka pauka kō.

I kēia mau lā, kūʻai ʻia ka marmalade ma kēlā me kēia hale kūʻai pastry. I ke kūʻai ʻana, pono ʻoe e hāʻawi i ka makemake ʻaʻole i ke kumukūʻai a i ʻole nā ​​​​hiʻohiʻona nani, akā i ke ʻano maoli o ka huahana. He mea maʻalahi kēia meaʻai olakino a ʻono e hana ma ka home. A laila e hōʻoiaʻiʻo maoli ʻia. E kūʻai a kuke paha - na ka niho ʻono e hoʻoholo. ʻO ka mea nui ʻaʻole ia e hōʻino i ka nui: ma kahi o ka pōmaikaʻi, hiki i ka marmalade ke hōʻeha.

Kumuwaiwai o