ʻO ka moʻo waina maikaʻi - Botrytis cinerea
ʻO nā waina e hoʻoulu nui ai i ka hilinaʻi, ka meli a i ʻole ke gula ʻālohilohi, ʻaʻala me ka lanakila ʻole, ikaika a komo, ʻo ia nā waina i loaʻa mai nā hua waina i hoʻopilikia ʻia me ka poʻo hanohano. No ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i kēia ʻano o nā hua waina mai ka pala pōʻino, ua kapa ʻia ka mold ash-colored Botrytis cinerea he "noble mold" a i ʻole "noble rot". Ke paʻi ʻo ia i nā hua waina keʻokeʻo olakino maikaʻi loa, hoʻomaloʻo ia i ko lākou ʻiʻo ma lalo o ka ʻili paʻa a hiki i ke ʻano o ka essence. Inā hoʻopili ka ʻōpala i nā hua ʻaʻole i hoʻopōʻino ʻia e nā iniseti a i ʻole ka ua nui, e hoʻopau i ka ʻili a e ʻae i nā hua bacteria ʻino e komo i loko o ka ʻiʻo, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he ʻeleʻele hina, a hiki ke lilo i mea pōʻino nui i ka hua. Hoʻopau ia i ka pigmentation o nā hua ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula, e hāʻawi ana i ka waina i kahi kala hina hina.
ʻO nā waina i hana ʻia me Botrytis, ʻo ia ka French Sauternes, ka Hungarian Tokaj a me nā waina momona Kelemania kaulana. ʻAʻole hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou i kēlā me kēia makahiki, no ka mea, ʻo ka ulu ʻana o ka mold hanohano e pili pono ana i ka hui pū ʻana o ka wela a me ka haʻahaʻa i ke ʻano ma hope o ka ulu ʻana o nā hua waina. I ka makahiki maikaʻi, hiki i nā huawaina oʻo mua, ʻili mānoanoa ke hiki iā Botrytis ke hana i kāna hana ma mua o ke kau ʻana o ka ʻino; i ka manawa like, e noho paʻa ka ʻili ma lalo o ka mana luku o ka pala, a e pale pū i ka pulp o nā hua mai ka hoʻopili ʻana me ka ea.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka mold noble i nā māla waina i kēlā me kēia manawa, a ma luna o kēlā me kēia pūʻulu e mālie kāna hana. Loaʻa paha i loko o ka pūʻulu like nā hua ʻōniʻoniʻo, ʻeleʻele, ʻoiai ʻo nā hua ʻē aʻe e pehu ʻia me ka ʻili ʻeleʻele, i hoʻopalupalu ʻia e ka ʻike mua ʻana i ka pala, a paʻa paha kekahi o nā huaʻai, ʻō a ʻaʻole loa i pili i nā haʻi ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
I mea e loaʻa ai ka hopena maikaʻi i ke ʻano o ka waina, pono e ʻohi ʻia nā hua hoʻokahi mai ka pūpū i ka wā e lawa pono ai ka wrinkled, akā ʻaʻole maloʻo loa. Pono e ʻohi i nā hua mai ke kumu waina hoʻokahi i nā manawa he nui - pinepine ʻelima, ʻeono, ʻehiku a ʻoi aʻe paha mau manawa i loko o kekahi mau makahiki a hiki i nā mahina. I ka manawa like, i kēlā me kēia manawa e ʻohi ʻia nā hua waina i kahi fermentation kaʻawale.
ʻElua mau waiwai kūikawā o nā mole hanohano e pili ana i ke ʻano a me ka ʻono o ka waina a hana i kahi ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā waina me Botrytis a me nā waina momona i hana ʻia mai nā hua waina i hoʻomaloʻo ʻia i nā kiln maʻamau. I kēia hihia, hoʻopili ʻia ka waikawa a me ke kō i ka nalowale o ka wai, me ka ʻole o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke ʻano o nā hua waina, ʻoiai ʻo Botrytis, e hānai ana i ka waikawa me ke kō, e hana i nā loli kemika i nā hua waina, e hana ana i nā mea hou e hoʻololi i ka bouquet o ka waina. No ka mea ʻoi aku ka nui o ka waikawa ma mua o ke kō, e emi ana ka ʻakika o ka wort. Eia kekahi, hoʻopuka ʻo Botrytis mold i kahi mea kūikawā e pale ai i ka fermentation alcoholic. Pono e loaʻa mai nā hua maloʻo ʻāpana, nona ka ʻano kemika i hoʻololi ʻole ʻia, hiki i ka bacteria hū ʻawaʻawa ke hiki ke hoʻoulu i ke kō i loko o ka waiʻona a hiki i 18 ° -20 °. Akā ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ke kō i loko o nā hua waina me ka mold hanohano, ʻo ia ke ʻano o ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka mold, e kāohi koke i ka fermentation. No ka laʻana, i nā waina Sauternes, loaʻa ke kaulike kūpono e ke kō, hiki ke lilo i 20 ° waiʻona. Akā ma muli o ka hana ʻana o ka fungus mold, e pau ka fermentation ma mua, a loaʻa ka waina mai ka 13,5 ° a 14 ° ka waiʻona. Inā ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kō i loko o nā hua waina i ʻohi ʻia, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka fermentation, a ʻoi aku ka ʻono o ka waina, me ka haʻahaʻa o ka waiʻona. Inā ʻohi ʻia nā hua waina i ka wā e loaʻa ai ka nui o ka waiʻona ma lalo o 20 °, e hoʻopilikia ʻia ke koena o ka waina ma muli o ka nui o ka waiʻona a me ka ʻole o ka ʻono.
Heʻokoʻa loa nā kaʻina hana waina mai kekahi i kekahi. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻo nā waina Hungarian maikaʻi o Tokaj, ʻaʻole ia he mau waina maʻemaʻe me ka poni hanohano. Loaʻa iā lākou ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i kekahi mau huawaina me ka poʻi maikaʻi i ka pono e loaʻa mai nā hua waina keʻokeʻo ʻē aʻe. I loko o nā waina Sauternes, ʻo ka ʻokoʻa wale nō i ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana, ʻaʻohe ala e hoʻokaʻawale i nā mea paʻa mai ka paʻa, pono ka mānoanoa ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka fermentation, no laila e ninini pololei ʻia ka wai i loko o nā barela. He lohi loa kona fermentation, a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana: ʻo ka waina o Chateau Yquem e lawe i ʻekolu a me ka hapa makahiki e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ai i ka waina ma mua o ka ʻōmole. A ma hope o ia mea, noho mālie loa ia a hiki i kona kenekulia.