He mea ʻike maopopo ʻia ʻo nā maʻi o ka periodontal a me ka periodontal tissues (gum a me nā ligamentous apparatus o nā niho), nā maʻi o ka mucous membrane a me nā ʻiʻo palupalu o ka waha waha ʻaʻole hiki ke mālama ʻia. Akā ua kūpaʻa lākou a iho i lalo i ke kala ʻana. I kekahi manawa e paʻa, i kekahi manawa i emi iki. ʻO periodontitis kaulana, periodontitis a me gingivitis nā maʻi maʻamau. Ma Rūsia, hoʻomaka ka periodontics e hoʻomohala i ka 10-12 mau makahiki i hala aku nei, a ma ka laulā, ʻaʻole mākaukau ka heluna kanaka e hoʻoponopono i kēia mau pilikia.
Pono mua ʻoe e hana me nā huaʻōlelo maʻalahi i ʻole e alakaʻi hewa ʻia nā ʻatikala a me nā hoʻolaha. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā maʻi o nā ʻiʻo periodontal i dystrophic (pili me nā kaʻina dystrophic i loko o nā kiko) - PARODONTOSIS, a me nā maʻi o ke kumu inflammatory - PERIODONTITIS. ʻO ka pinepine, ʻaʻole naʻe, hoʻolaha nā hoʻolaha a me nā palapala i nā mea āpau i hoʻokahi ʻāpana, akā ʻo kēia ka hewa like me ka huikau a me ka helu ʻana i nā maʻi e like me ARTHRITIS a me ARTHRITIS i hoʻokahi hui. Inā hoʻomanaʻo mau ʻoe i ka laʻana o ka arthritis a me ka arthrosis, a laila ʻaʻole ʻoe e huikau i ka periodontitis a me ka maʻi periodontal.
ʻO ka pinepine, ʻoiaʻiʻo, aia nā maʻi o ka etiology inflammatory - periodontitis. Ma kahi kokoke i kēlā me kēia 3-4 e noho ana i nā megacities, a ʻoi aku hoʻi ma Rūsia, ma hope o 35-37 mau makahiki ua loaʻa i kēia pilikia. "ʻOi loa ma Rusia" - no ka mea, ʻo 6-8 mau makahiki i hala aku nei kā mākou mau kula lapaʻau i hoʻokaʻawale i kahi keʻena kaʻawale o ka periodontology a hoʻomaka e aʻo i kēia pilikia me ka ikaika. ʻAneʻane ʻike ʻia kēlā me kēia maʻi i ke kahe koko, ka ʻeha i ka wā e nahu ai i ka meaʻai paʻa, i kekahi manawa kokoke i ka hōʻole ʻana i ka meaʻai paʻa no kēia kumu, ka neʻe ʻana o nā niho i hele pū ʻia me nā manaʻo ʻeha a maikaʻi ʻole, ka hanu maikaʻi ʻole a me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka waiho ʻana o ka pā palupalu a mineralized (tartar). . ).
ʻO ka ʻōlelo pōkole e pili ana i ka etiology a me ka pathogenesis o periodontitis, ʻo nā kumu nui o ka hanana ʻana he genetics, ka nohona, ka mālama waha a me ka ʻai o ka mea maʻi. ʻO ka pathogenesis o ka maʻi ʻo ia ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hoʻomau ʻana i loko o ka ligamentous apparatus o ka niho, no kēia kumu e hoʻonui ai ka neʻe ʻana o ka niho, ʻo ka ʻeha mau ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka microflora mau (Str Mutans, Str.Mitis. a me nā mea ʻē aʻe), ʻaʻole hiki i ka mea maʻi ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe i kona mau niho a mālama pono i ka maʻemaʻe. Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻeke dentogingival pathological (PGD).
ʻO kēia mau hōʻailona āpau a me nā hōʻike o ka periodontitis e pili ana i kahi kīnā i ka periodontal a me ka periodontal connective tissue, ʻo ia hoʻi, me ka hoʻomohala lohi a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mumū, ʻaʻole hiki i nā cell nui o ka ʻiʻo connective, fibroblasts, ke hoʻopaʻa hou i ka synthesis o ka connective hou. ʻiʻo, no laila, ʻike ʻia ka neʻe ʻana o nā niho. ʻO ke kumu hoʻomaʻemaʻe, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā ʻano o ka mea maʻi e palaki ana i kona mau niho, he mea nui nō hoʻi. No laila, me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe kūpono i loko o ka waha waha, ʻaʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia kahi koena maʻamau o ka microflora, hoʻopau ʻia ka plaque niho a me nā waihona niho paʻakikī, akā hoʻoulu ʻia ke kahe koko. Hoʻopili ʻia ka maʻamau o ka paʻa o ka ligamentous apparatus o nā niho e ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka meaʻai paʻa, maka a me ka mea ʻole. He kūlohelohe a physiological kēia. ʻAʻole pono ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻike kiʻekiʻe ma ke kahua o ka dentistry i mea e hoʻomaopopo ai ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a me ka pololei o kēlā me kēia okana me ka hoʻonohonoho pololei (i loko o ka physiology) ukana ma luna. No laila, ʻo nā incisors a me nā canine ka hui mua o nā niho i hana ʻia e hopu a nahu i ka meaʻai. Hui nau - no ka wili ʻana i ka puʻupuʻu meaʻai.
He mea lōʻihi i ʻike ʻia, ka mea i aʻo ʻia ma ka Faculty of Dentistry, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka meaʻai paʻa (nā huaʻai maka a me nā mea kanu) kōkua i ka normalization a me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i nā mea ligamentous o ka niho. ʻO nā keiki i ka wā o ka hoʻokumu ʻana a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā hana o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ponoʻī ʻana o ka waha waha (ma muli o ke kaʻina o ka salivation) ʻōlelo ʻia e ʻai mau i nā huaʻai 5-7 a me nā mea kanu, ʻaʻole ʻoki a ʻokiʻoki i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka poʻe mākua, ʻo kēia mau hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe ponoʻī kekahi ʻano o lākou. Pili kēia i ka ʻai ʻana i nā mea kanu ma ka laulā.
ʻO nā ʻokoʻa o ka omnivorous a me ka vegetarianism (veganism) o nā mea maʻi e hoʻoholo pū i ke ʻano o nā kaʻina pathological i nā ʻiʻo periodontal. I ka makahiki 1985, ua hoʻopaʻa ke kauka o ka dentistry a me ka dentistry o ke Kulanui o Kaleponi, ʻo AJ Lewis (AJ Luiss) i kāna mau ʻike lōʻihi ʻaʻole wale i ke ʻano o ka caries i nā maʻi, akā no ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hanana ʻana o ka periodontitis i nā mea kanu a me nā mea ʻole. -mea kanu. ʻO nā poʻe maʻi a pau he poʻe kamaʻāina o Kaleponi, no ka hui kaiaulu like ʻole me ka like o ka nohona a me ka pae kālā, akā ʻokoʻa i nā hiʻohiʻona meaʻai (mea kanu a me nā omnivores). I loko o nā makahiki he nui o ka nānā ʻana, ua ʻike ʻo Lewis ʻaʻole i loaʻa i nā mea kanu meaʻai, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā maʻi omnivorous. Mai loko mai o 20 mau meaʻai meaʻai, uaʻikeʻia nā pathologies ma 4,ʻoiai ua loaʻa nā pathologies i nā maʻi omnivorous i ka 12 o ka 20. I nā meaʻai meaʻai,ʻaʻole i koʻikoʻi nā pathologies a ua hoʻemi mauʻia i ke kalaʻana. I ka manawa like, i nā maʻi ʻē aʻe, mai 12 mau hihia, 4-5 i pau i ka nalowale o ka niho.
Ua wehewehe ʻo Lewis i kēia ʻaʻole wale ma ke kūpaʻa a me ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana o ka ligamentous apparatus o nā niho, nā mīkini hoʻomaʻemaʻe ponoʻī maikaʻi o ka waha waha a me ka lawe ʻana i nā huaora, i loaʻa ka hopena maikaʻi i ka synthesis o ka ʻiʻo pili like. Ma hope o ka nānā ʻana i ka microflora o nā maʻi, ua hōʻea ʻo ia i ka hopena o ka poʻe meaʻai i ka liʻiliʻi loa o nā microorganisms periodontopathogenic i loko o ka microflora obligate (mau) o ka waha waha. Ma ka nānā ʻana i ka epithelium mucosal, ua ʻike pū ʻo ia i nā helu kiʻekiʻe o nā cell immune oral (immunoglobulins A a me J) i nā mea ʻai meaʻai.
Nui nā ʻano kalapona e hoʻomaka e ferment i loko o ka waha. Akā ua hoihoi a kāhāhā nā mea a pau i ka pilina ma waena o nā kaʻina hana o ka fermentation carbohydrate a me ka pilina me ka ʻai ʻana i ka protein holoholona e nā maʻi. Ua maopopo a maʻalahi nā mea a pau ma aneʻi. ʻO nā kaʻina hana o ka digestion a me ka fermentation i loko o ka waha waha ʻoi aku ka paʻa a maikaʻi loa i nā mea kanu. Ke hoʻohana nei i ka protein holoholona, hoʻopilikia ʻia kēia kaʻina hana (ke manaʻo nei mākou i nā kaʻina enzymatic i hana ʻia e amylase). Inā hoʻohālikelike ʻoe, a laila ua like kēia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kō, ma hope a ma hope paha e loaʻa iā ʻoe ke kaumaha. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, akā naʻe, inā ua hoʻolālā ʻia kekahi ʻōnaehana enzymatic e ke ʻano e wāwahi i nā ʻakika maʻalahi i loko o kahi puʻupuʻu meaʻai, a laila e hoʻopau koke ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka protein i ke kaʻina hana biochemical holoʻokoʻa. ʻOiaʻiʻo, pili nā mea a pau. I kekahi mau maʻi e ʻoi aku ka nui o ka haʻi ʻana, i kekahi mau mea liʻiliʻi. Akā ʻo ka mea ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā ʻiʻo paʻakikī (enamel a me dentin) i nā mea ʻai meaʻai (ua aʻo ʻia kēia e Lewis ʻaʻole i ka helu helu wale nō, akā i ka histologically, ke hoʻomau nei nā kiʻi uila i nā niho ʻai ʻai a hiki i kēia lā). Ma ke ala, ʻo Lewis ponoʻī he mea ʻai meaʻai ʻole, akā ma hope o ka noiʻi ua lilo ʻo ia i vegan. Noho ʻo ia a hiki i ka makahiki 99 a make i ka wā ʻino ma Kaleponi i ka heʻenalu ʻana.
Inā maopopo nā mea a pau me nā pilikia o ka caries a me nā hopena enzymatic, a laila No ke aha i hana maikaʻi ai ka poʻe ʻai meaʻai me nā mea ligamentous o nā niho a me ka ʻiʻo pili? Ua hopohopo kēia nīnau iā Lewis a me nā kauka niho ʻē aʻe i kona ola a pau. ʻO nā mea a pau me nā mīkini hoʻomaʻemaʻe ponoʻī a me ka maikaʻi o ka wai waha ua maopopo. No ka ʻike ʻana, pono wau e "komo" i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka histology a hoʻohālikelike i nā iwi a me nā ʻiʻo pili ʻaʻole wale o ka maxillofacial region, akā i nā ʻāpana a me nā ʻōnaehana āpau.
Ua kūpono nā hopena a me ke kūlohelohe. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka ʻiʻo pili a me nā iwi o nā mea kanu ʻole i ka luku a me ka loli ma mua o ka ʻiʻo pili o nā mea ʻai meaʻai. He kakaikahi ka poe hiki ke kahaha i keia ike. Akā kakaikahi ka poʻe e hoʻomanaʻo i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka noiʻi ʻana ma kēia wahi me ka mahalo i kahi kahua haiki o ka dentistry e like me periodontics.
Mea kākau: Alina Ovchinnikova, PhD, niho niho, kauā, orthodontist.