Mauna pine
Hiki i nā Pines ke waiho i ka poʻe liʻiliʻi me ka manaʻo ʻole, akā ʻaʻole kūpono ko lākou nui no kēlā me kēia pūnaewele. Akā aia kahi paina mauna - kahi mea kanu paʻa i loaʻa kahi wahi ma kekahi māla.

Mauna pine (Pinus mugo) ma ke ʻano e noho ana ma nā mauna o Central a me ʻEulopa Hema. He mau ʻano kūlohelohe kēia ʻano i ʻokoʻa i ke kiʻekiʻe: 

  • ulu piha - ʻoi aku ko lākou ulu makahiki ma mua o 30 cm i kēlā me kēia makahiki a ma ka makahiki 10 hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe o 3 m;
  • medium-sized a semi-dwarf (semidwarj) - ulu lākou i ka 15 - 30 cm i kēlā me kēia makahiki;
  • dwarf (dwarf) - ko lākou ulu ʻana he 8 - 15 cm i kēlā me kēia makahiki;
  • liʻiliʻi (mini) - ulu wale lākou i 3 - 8 cm i kēlā me kēia makahiki;
  • microscopic (micro) - ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ko lākou ulu ʻana ma mua o 1 - 3 cm i kēlā me kēia makahiki.

Nā ʻano paina mauna

ʻO nā ʻano paina mauna a pau he hoʻololi maoli i hoʻolaha ʻia e ka grafting. ʻOkoʻa lākou i ke kiʻekiʻe a me ke ʻano lei aliʻi. 

Pineapple (Pinus mugo var. pumilio). He ʻano kūlohelohe kēia i hiki ke loaʻa ma nā Alps a me nā Carpathians. Ma laila e ulu ai ma ke ʻano o kahi lāʻau a hiki i 1 m ke kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 3 m ke anawaena. He ʻokoʻa ka lōʻihi o kona mau lālā a ua kuhikuhi ʻia i luna. He pōkole nā ​​kui. Hoʻololi nā ʻōpuʻu i ka waihoʻoluʻu mai ka uliuli a i ka poni i ka makahiki mua, akā i ka wā e oʻo ai ua lilo lākou i melemele a laila ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele.

Мугус (Pinus mugo var. mughus). ʻO kahi ʻano kūlohelohe ʻē aʻe e noho ana ma ka Hikina Alps a me ka Balkan Peninsula. He ulu lāʻau nui kēia, hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe o 5 m. ʻO kona mau cones he melemele-ʻeleʻele i ka wā mua, e lilo ana i ke kinamona ke oʻo. 

Pug (Mops). ʻO nā ʻano dwarf, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 1,5 m ke kiʻekiʻe a me ke anawaena like. He pōkole kona mau lālā, liʻiliʻi nā nila, a hiki i 4,5 cm ka lōʻihi. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻeleʻele nā ​​nila. Ulu mālie loa. ʻO ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻoilo - a hiki i -45 ° С. 

Dwarf (Gnom). Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i kekahi mau ʻano kūlohelohe, ʻo kēia ʻano ʻano, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke kiʻekiʻe, akā nui loa - hiki i 2,5 m a me ke anawaena o 1,5 - 2 m. I ka wā ʻōpiopio, ulu ʻo ia i ka laulā, akā hoʻomaka e hoʻolōʻihi i ke kiʻekiʻe. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻeleʻele nā ​​nila. Ulu mālie. ʻO ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻoilo - a hiki i -40 ° С.

ʻO Varella. He ʻano lei spherical ʻokoʻa kēia ʻano like ʻole. Ke ulu mālie loa ia, ma ka makahiki 10 ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 70 cm ke kiʻekiʻe a me 50 cm ke anawaena. Hiki i nā paina makua ke kiʻekiʻe o 1,5 m, a me ke anawaena - 1,2 m. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻeleʻele nā ​​nila. ʻO ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻoilo - a hiki i -35 ° С.

Gula hooilo. ʻO kahi ʻano dwarf, ma 10 mau makahiki ʻaʻole ia ma mua o 50 cm ke kiʻekiʻe, a me ke anawaena - 1 m. He kala ʻokoʻa ko nā nila: ʻōmaʻomaʻo māmā i ke kauwela, melemele gula i ka hoʻoilo. Kūleʻa hau - a hiki i -40 ° С.

ʻO kēia nā ʻano mea kaulana loa a me nā ʻano o ka pine mauna, akā aia kekahi mau mea ʻē aʻe i ʻoi aku ka hoihoi:

  • Jacobsen (Jacobsen) - me ke ʻano lei aliʻi maʻamau, e hoʻomanaʻo ana i ka bonsai, a hiki i 40 cm ke kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 70 cm ke anawaena;
  • Frisia (Frisia) - a hiki i 2 m ke kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 1,4 m ke anawaena;
  • ʻOfir (Ofir) - ka mutation dwarf me ka lei palahalaha, 30-40 cm ke kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 60 cm ke anawaena;
  • Sunshine – 90 knm ke kiʻekiʻe a me 1,4 m ke anawaena;
  • Sana Sebastian 24 - kahi ʻano liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, i ka 10 mau makahiki ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 15 cm ke kiʻekiʻe a me 25 cm ke anawaena.

Ke kanu paina mauna 

Mountain pine - kahi mea kanu unpretentious, ʻoluʻolu i kona nani no nā makahiki he nui, akā ma ke ʻano ua kanu pono ʻia.

ʻO ka mea mua e noʻonoʻo ai, makemake kēia mea kanu i ka nui o ka mālamalama. No laila, pono e māmā ka wahi. 

Kūʻai ʻia nā mea kanu pine mauna i loko o nā pahu, no laila ʻaʻohe pono e ʻeli i kahi lua nui ma lalo o lākou - ʻo ke anawaena he 10 cm ka nui ma mua o ka coma earthen. Akā i ka hohonu, pono e hana hou i mea e kau ai i kahi papa wai ma lalo. 

Hiki ke kanu i nā paina me kahi ʻōnaehana paʻa (ZKS) mai ka waena o ʻApelila a waena o ʻOkakopa.

malama pine mauna

He lāʻau unpretentious ka mauna mauna, he liʻiliʻi ka mālama ʻana, akā pono nō.

Pā

ʻAʻole koi ka paina mauna i ka lepo, hiki iā ia ke ulu ma kahi kokoke i nā wahi āpau, koe naʻe nā wahi marshy - ʻaʻole makemake ia i ka wai paʻa.

kau iho

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻano a me nā ʻano ʻano pine mauna makemake i nā kukui piha a puni ka lā. Ua kaulana loa nā pine Pumilio, Mugus a me Pug no ko lākou ʻano aloha māmā - ʻaʻole lākou e ʻae i ka malu. Hiki i nā mea ʻē aʻe ke ʻae i kahi pale liʻiliʻi. 

Hoʻomoʻa i ka wai

ʻAʻole maʻalahi kēia mau pine i ka maloʻo, akā i ka mahina mua ma hope o ke kanu ʻana, pono lākou i ka wai nui - hoʻokahi manawa i ka pule, 1 lita no ka lāʻau.

nā mea kanu

I ke kanu ʻana i loko o ka lua, ʻaʻole pono ka fertilizer.

e ai ana

Ma ke ʻano, ulu nā pine mauna ma nā ʻāina ʻilihune, pōhaku, no laila ʻaʻole pono lākou i ka lole kiʻekiʻe - hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa ka nui o nā meaʻai no lākou iho.

Hana hou i ka paina mauna 

Hiki ke hoʻolaha ʻia nā ʻano maoli o ka pine mauna e nā hua. Ma mua o ka lūlū ʻana, pono lākou e hana i ka stratification: no kēia ua hui ʻia lākou me ke one i hoʻomoʻa ʻia a mālama ʻia i loko o ka friji no hoʻokahi mahina. Ma hope o kēlā, hiki iā ʻoe ke lūlū i ke kula i kahi hohonu o 1,5 cm.

Hiki ke hoʻolaha wale ʻia nā ʻano hoʻololi ʻokoʻa ma ka grafting. ʻAʻole hoʻolaha kēia ʻano me nā ʻokiʻoki.

Nā maʻi paina mauna

Hoʻopilikia ʻia ka paina mauna e nā maʻi like me nā ʻano paina ʻē aʻe. 

Pine milo (pana rust). He fungus ke kumu o keia mai. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona mua o ka maʻi i ka hopena o ke kau - ʻeleʻele nā ​​nila, akā ʻaʻole e hāʻule. 

ʻO kēia kekahi o nā maʻi weliweli loa, hiki iā ia ke luku i kahi lāʻau i nā makahiki ʻelua. A ma ke ala, ʻaʻole pili kēia haʻuki i nā pine wale nō, ʻo kāna mau kikowaena waena he poplars a me aspens. 

Pono ka mālama ʻana i ka Rust ke ʻike koke ʻia nā hōʻailona mua. Hāʻawi ka mālama ʻana me ka wai Bordeaux (1%) i nā hopena maikaʻi, akā pono he 3-4 o lākou: i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Mei, a laila ʻelua mau manawa me ka ʻokoʻa o 5 mau lā.

Brown Shutte (palapala hau ʻeleʻele). ʻOi loa kēia maʻi i ka hoʻoilo - ulu ia ma lalo o ka hau. ʻO kahi hōʻailona he uhi keʻokeʻo ma nā nila. 

No ka mālama ʻana, hoʻohana ʻia nā lāʻau ʻo Hom a i ʻole Rakurs (1).

Ka maʻi 'aʻai pana (scleroderriosis). Hoʻopilikia kēia maʻi i nā wana, a ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona mua ma nā wēlau o nā lālā - hāʻule lākou, loaʻa ke ʻano o kahi umbrella. I ka pūnāwai, huli melemele nā ​​nila ma luna o nā mea kanu i hoʻopilikia ʻia, akā ʻeleʻele koke. Hoʻolaha ʻia mai luna a lalo. Inā ʻaʻole mālama ʻia ka maʻi, piʻi ia a hiki i ka make o ka cortex (2). 

ʻO nā pine liʻiliʻi, kahi i ʻoi aku ka nui o ke anawaena o ke kumu ma mua o 1 cm, ʻaʻole pono e mālama - e make nō lākou. Hiki ke ho'ōla ʻia nā lāʻau makua, no kēia hoʻohana lākou i Fundazol.

mau pests pine pine

Kūleʻa ka paina mauna i nā pest, akā loaʻa kekahi.

Paina pale. He malihini kipa kēia i nā paina mauna, makemake ʻo ia i ka pine Scotch, akā no ka pōloli hiki iā ia ke noho ma luna o kēia ʻano. He liʻiliʻi ka insect, ma kahi o 2 mm. Noho mau ia ma ka ʻaoʻao lalo o nā nila. Huli ʻeleʻele a hāʻule nā ​​kui i pōʻino. He aloha kūikawā ko kēia insect unahi i nā kumulāʻau ma lalo o 5 makahiki (3). 

He mea makehewa ke kaua me ka poe makua - ua uhiia lakou me ka iwi ikaika a aole lawe na laau lapaau ia lakou. Akā, aia ka nūhou maikaʻi - hoʻokahi wale nō kau ola lākou. Akā, waiho lākou i nā hua he nui. A aia pū me ia e pono ai ʻoe e hakakā a hiki i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka larvae i kahi pūpū.

Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻōpala ʻōpio ʻōpio i Iulai me Actellik.

Nā nīnau a me nā pane kaulana

Ua kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i nā pine mauna me agronomist-breeder Svetlana Mikhailova.

Pehea e hoʻohana ai i ka pine mauna i ka hoʻolālā ʻāina?

He plastic loa kēia mea kanu, pale i ka hau, no laila hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i kekahi hui pū me nā mea kanu coniferous ʻē aʻe. He kūpono nā ʻano ʻano liʻiliʻi no nā paheʻe alpine a me nā pōhaku. ʻIke maikaʻi kēia mau pine i nā māla rose a me nā mea kanu. A, ʻoiaʻiʻo, hiki ke hoʻohana pū ʻia me nā pine ʻē aʻe.

Hiki paha ke ulu i ka pine mauna ma ke kumu?

ʻAe, hiki iā ʻoe, inā ʻoe e kālai i kahi kumu o kahi ʻano ulu haʻahaʻa ma luna o kahi ʻano lōʻihi o kēia ʻano. I ka manawa like, hiki ke waiho ʻia hoʻokahi pana a i ʻole ma ke kumu kumu. Hiki ke hana ʻia ka grafft, no ka laʻana, ʻoki i kahi ʻāpana o nā lālā a kuʻi i nā poʻo - hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i kekahi ʻano bonsai.

No ke aha i melemele ai ka pine mauna?

Ke ola nei nā kui o ka pine mauna ma kahi o 4 mau makahiki, no laila, huli nā mea kahiko i ka melemele a hāʻule i ka wā - he mea maʻamau kēia. Inā huli melemele nā ​​nila a pau, a laila ʻo ke kumu ke kumu o nā maʻi a i ʻole nā ​​​​pests.

Kumuwaiwai o

  1. ʻAe ʻia ka papa inoa o nā pesticides a me nā agrochemical no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma ka ʻāina o ka Federation ma Iulai 6, 2021 // Ministry of Agriculture of the Federation

    https://mcx.gov.ru/ministry/departments/departament-rastenievodstva-mekhanizatsii-khimizatsii-i-zashchity-rasteniy/industry-information/info-gosudarstvennaya-usluga-po-gosudarstvennoy-registratsii-pestitsidov-i-agrokhimikatov/

  2. Zhukov AM, Gninenko Yu.I., Zhukov PD ʻO nā maʻi i aʻo ʻia liʻiliʻi o nā conifers i nā ululāʻau o ko mākou ʻāina: ed. 2, rev. a me nā mea hou // Pushkino: VNIILM, 2013. - 128 p.
  3. ʻO ka ʻinikena unahi ʻo Gray GA Pine – ucaspis pusilla Low, 1883 (Homoptera: Diaspididae) ma ka ʻāina ʻo Volgograd // Ka noiʻi Entomological a parasitological ma ka ʻāina ʻo Volga, 2017

    https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/schitovka-sosnovaya-ucaspis-pusilla-low-1883-homoptera-diaspididae-v-volgogradskoy-oblasti

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