Ke kanu a mālama i ka actinidia: ke koho ʻana i kahi a me ka lepo, ka hoʻoinu ʻana, ka ʻaʻahu kiʻekiʻe, ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka lei aliʻi, ka hana hou + ʻano maikaʻi loa.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o actinidia

He pili pili loa ʻo Actinidia o ke kiwi, kahi mea kanu dioecious perennial o ka ʻano kumu waina lāʻau. Me ke kākoʻo ʻole, ulu a hiki i 1,5-2 m. Hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻōpala palupalu me ka ʻili brownish. ʻO nā lau puʻuwai nui me ka ʻaoʻao serrated, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻaʻohe stipules. Ke mohala ka lāʻau, lilo ke ʻano o nā lau lau i keʻokeʻo, a laila ʻulaʻula a hope loa ka raspberry.

I ka wā pua, e mau ana mai Mei a Iune, ua uhi ʻia ka mea kanu me nā pua kīʻaha kīʻaha me ke anawaena o 1 a 3 cm. ʻO ko lākou kala e pili ana i nā ʻano like ʻole a hiki ke keʻokeʻo i ka poni. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻano actinidia he ʻala ʻole, akā ʻo kekahi mau ʻano he ʻala ʻoluʻolu iki. Hoʻomaka ka oʻo ʻana o nā hua i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hāʻule. Oblong edible melemele-'ōmaʻomaʻo a i ʻole nā ​​​​hua ʻalani māmā e ulu i ka nui mai 1 a 8 cm.

Video "Ka kanu ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i actinidia"

Ma kēia wikiō, e haʻi aku kahi loea iā ʻoe pehea e kanu pono ai i ka actinidia a mālama i ka mea kanu.

He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka wahine actinidia a me ke kāne

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka wahine actinidia mai ke kāne wale nō i ka wā pua. Ke kau nei i nā hua, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoholo i ka hopena ma mua. Inā makemake ʻoe e loaʻa nā pua nani a me nā hua ʻono, pono ʻoe e kanu i nā mea kanu ʻelua i ka māla.

Mohala ka wahine specimen me nā pua hoʻokahi, aia nā pistils a me nā embryos. He mea maʻalahi ke ʻike ʻia ka male shrub e nā inflorescences, nona nā pua 3-4 me nā stamens lōʻihi. I ka wā pollination, hoʻololi ʻia ka pollen mai kekahi mea kanu i kekahi.

ʻO nā ʻano like ʻole no ka ulu ʻana

I ka huina, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻano actinidia ma mua o 70 mau ʻano, ʻo ia hoʻi nā hua a me nā ʻano mea hoʻonaninani. ʻO nā mea maʻamau:

1. Kolomikta. ʻO nā ʻano mea kūʻē i ka hau, kū i ka mahana a hiki i -42 ° C. Popular ma nā Urals a me Siberia. Ke ulu nei ia i 5-10 m, uhi ʻia e nā hua ʻōmaʻomaʻo 2-2,5 cm ka nui i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hāʻule. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo nā lau serrated, me kahi puʻu ʻulaʻula. Mai Sepatemaba, ua pena hou ʻia ka lau i nā leo melemele-ʻulaʻula a me ka poni-ʻulaʻula. ʻO nāʻano maikaʻi loa: Lakomka, Pineapple, Doctor Shimanovsky.
2. Paʻapaʻa. ʻO ka nui loa o ka actinidia, nā kumu a hiki i 36 m ka lōʻihi. ʻO nā lau lau he serrated, laumania, ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele ke kala. ʻAʻole maikaʻi ka ulu lāʻau a hua nui i nā hua i nā kūlana. Hoʻomaka nā hua i ka hoʻomaka o Kepakemapa. ʻO nā hua a hiki i 3 knm ka nui he ʻōmaʻomaʻo a i ʻole me ka ʻulaʻula poni. ʻO nāʻanoʻano maikaʻi loa: Nui-hua, Self-fertile, Primorskaya.
3. Polygam. ʻO ka lālā palupalu nāwaliwali me nā wana ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 5 m. ʻO nā ʻano ʻano wale nō, ma kahi o nā huaʻai, hiki ke ʻai ʻia nā lau. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo nā papa lau me nā ʻaoʻao kikoʻī, hoʻololi i ko lākou malu i kahi hapa wale nō. Nui nā hua ʻalani i ka beta-carotene a ʻono e like me nā fiku. ʻO nā ʻano maikaʻi loa: Nani, Patterned, Apricot.

Ka pae ʻana ma ka ʻāina ākea

Manaʻo nā māla akamai i ke kanu ʻana i nā mea kanu ma ka ʻāina ākea, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku kona mau makahiki ma mua o 3 mau makahiki. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e kūʻai i kahi mea kanu nona ka ʻōnaehana kumu. Hiki ke hoʻopōʻino i ka actinidia ʻōpio, nā mahana kiʻekiʻe a me ka ʻole o ka makū.

Ke kūʻai ʻana i nā mea kanu, pono e noʻonoʻo i ke kāne o ka mea kanu. No ka mea ua hoʻoholo ʻia e nā pua wale nō, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā pua o kahi lāʻau maloʻo. He mea nui nō hoʻi ke ʻano o ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻoki. ʻO Actinidia i ulu mai nā ʻanoʻano e nalowale nā ​​​​hōʻailona pili i ka ʻano like ʻole.

Ka manawa kūpono

Hiki ke kanu ʻia ʻo Actinidia i kēlā me kēia manawa o ka makahiki, koe wale nō nā mahina hoʻoilo. ʻAʻohe manaʻo maʻamau o nā māla e pili ana i ka manawa, no laila kanu lākou i nā mea kanu i nā manawa like ʻole:

• i ka puna mua (ma mua o ka neʻe ʻana o ka wai);
• i ka makahiki ʻekolu o ʻApelila (i ka wā e pau ai ka lāʻau);
• kau (ma mua o ka hau mua).

Ke koho ʻana i kahi a me ka hoʻohui ʻāina

ʻO ke kaiapuni kūpono no ka ulu ʻana i ka actinidia he ʻakika a ʻakika iki paha. Inā kū ʻole ka lepo, hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi ʻia no ka ulu ʻoluʻolu. ʻAʻole ʻōlelo ʻia e kanu i kahi mea kanu ma ka loam, a me nā wahi kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka wai honua. E ulu ʻoluʻolu ka lāʻau ma nā kiʻekiʻe, ma ka lepo maikaʻi.

ʻO nā mea mua a me nā hoalauna maikaʻi

E maikaʻi ka lāʻau ma hope o nā mea kanu ʻaʻole e hoʻopau i ka lepo (blackcurrant, hazel). E hoʻomaikaʻi i ka lepo, a mālama pū i ka pae kiʻekiʻe o nā legumes moisture. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kanu pono i nā pua māla ma kahi kokoke.

ʻAʻole ʻōlelo ʻia e ulu i kahi kumu waina ma kahi kokoke i nā kumulāʻau hua. Lawe lākou i ka nui o ka wai, a ʻo ka puʻu ʻana i ka pōʻai underbarrel hiki ke hōʻeha i ka ʻōnaehana kumu o actinidia. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā ʻōpuʻu o ka lāʻau, e hoʻopaʻa ana i nā kumulāʻau, e "ʻoki" pinepine i nā lāʻau ʻōpio.

Ka pae pololei

Hoʻomākaukau ʻia nā lua no ke kanu ʻana i 2 mau pule ma mua o ke kanu ʻana. Hana ʻia lākou ma kahi mamao o 50 cm mai kēlā me kēia, ʻo 50x50x50 cm ke ana. Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi papa wai ma lalo, e ninini ʻia kahi hui ʻāina ma luna: humus, pehu, superphosphate.

Ma mua o ke kanu ʻana, nānā pono ʻia ka mea kanu a wehe ʻia nā ʻāpana maloʻo a ʻeha paha. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā aʻa i loko o kahi mash pālolo, a hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka hoʻomaha kanu me 1 bākeke wai. Ma hope o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka mea kanu i loko o ka lua, e waiho i ka ʻāʻī aʻa me ka ʻili. Hoʻopili ʻia ka lepo a mulched. E hoʻopau i ke kaʻina hana me ka wai nui (2-3 mau bākeke). Ua uhi ʻia ka ʻōpala ʻōpiopio me ka gauze a i ʻole ka pepa e pale ai mai ka lā pololei.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka ulu ʻana

Ma waho aʻe o ka climatic zone, pono nā kumu waina i ka mālama kūikawā a me nā kūlana ulu. ʻAʻole paʻakikī ka hana ʻana i kahi ʻoluʻolu no actinidia - ua lawa ka ʻike i kekahi mau lula agrotechnical.

Ka wai a me ka mālama lepo

Me ka ʻole o ka wai kūpono, ʻaʻole hiki i ka lāʻau ke ola maʻamau. Inā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wai ma lalo o ka pae i koi ʻia, e hoʻokahe ka mea kanu i kāna mau lau, e hoʻōki i ka ulu ʻana, ʻaʻole e ʻae maikaʻi i ka hoʻoilo. He hopena maikaʻi ʻole ka nui o ka haʻahaʻa i ka actinidia. Manaʻo nā māla e hoʻoinu i hoʻokahi manawa i ka pule. I ka manawa like, pono 1-2 mau bākeke wai i kēlā me kēia lāʻau, a i nā wā maloʻo e pālua ʻia ka nui. Ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana, wehe ʻia ka lepo, wehe ʻia nā mauʻu a uhi ʻia me kahi papa mulch hou.

Hiki iā ʻoe ke wai i ka actinidia ma ka lau wale nō i ke kakahiaka a i ke ahiahi.

Ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā fertilizers

Hoʻoulu ka mineral fertilizers i ka ulu, branching, productivity, a hoʻoikaika pū i ka mea kanu ma mua o ka hoʻoilo. Lawe ʻia ka ʻaʻahu kiʻekiʻe o nā kumu waina i ʻekolu mau manawa i kēlā me kēia kau:

• i ka pūnāwai mua: nitrogen (35 g), phosphorus a me potassium (20 g kēlā me kēia) pūhui;
• i ka wā o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā ovaries: nitrogen (15-20 g), phosphorus a me potassium (10-12 g kēlā me kēia);
• i ka waena o Kepakemapa, ma hope o ka ʻohi ʻana: nā mea kanu phosphorus-potassium wale nō (20 g kēlā me kēia).

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea hoʻomākaukau ma luna o ka ʻili o ka pōʻai underbarrel a hohonu i ka lepo e 10-12 cm. I ka hopena o ke kaʻina hana, pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe nui ʻia ka lepo.

Hoʻokumu lei aliʻi

Manaʻo ka poʻe māla e ʻoki koke ma hope o ka pua. Pono e wehe i nā wana keu, a e hoʻopōkole iā lākou i ke kolu o ka makahiki. Lawe ʻia ka pruning anti-aging no nā mea kanu ma mua o 8 mau makahiki. ʻO ke kaʻina hana, kahi i ʻoki ʻia ai ke kumu waina i kahi kumu 30-40 cm kiʻekiʻe, e hana ʻia i kēlā me kēia 3-4 mau makahiki.

No kekahi ʻano kumu lāʻau, hoʻohana ʻia kahi ʻano ʻoki ʻokoʻa. No laila, pono e hoʻopau pinepine ʻia ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa, e hoʻopōkole i nā ʻōpala, akā ʻaʻole pono e hoʻopā ʻia ka lālā ikaika nui. I loko o kahi kolomikt makua, ho'okahi makahiki e ho'ololi 'ia e ka 'ōpiopio, a ho'okumu 'ia ka lei ali'i ma ke 'ano pe'ahi.

Ka hoʻomalu ʻana i nā maʻi ʻeha a me nā maʻi

ʻAneʻane pale ʻia ʻo Actinidia i nā maʻi a me nā parasites. ʻO ka mālama pono ʻana i ka lāʻau he lawa ia e mālama ai i ke olakino. Eia nō naʻe, i kekahi manawa hiki ke hoʻopilikia ʻia ka mea kanu e nā maʻi fungal a i ʻole nā ​​​​pee lau. Mai ka pala a me ka pauka lepo, ka wehe ʻana o nā wana maloʻo a ʻeha paha, a me nā hua, e mālama. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopau i nā haʻuki a hoʻoweliweli i nā pepeke me kahi hui Bordeaux (1%) a i ʻole kahi hopena o ka lehu soda (0,5%).

Pehea e hoʻolaha ai i ka actinidia

He hana maʻalahi ka hana hou ʻana o actinidia. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e hana i kēia me nā ʻokiʻoki, no ka mea e noho mau ka mea kanu i nā ʻano like ʻole, ke kāne, a hoʻomaka ia e hua i ka hua no 3-4 mau makahiki. Ke ulu nei nā kumu lāʻau paʻakikī mai nā hua, akā hāʻawi lākou i ka hōʻiliʻili ma hope o 7 mau makahiki.

na anoano

Holoi ʻia nā mea kanu, hoʻomaloʻo ʻia a hoʻoinu ʻia no 4 mau lā. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻanoʻano i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o kahi pahu me ke one, hoʻoinu mau a hoʻolele iā lākou no 2 mau mahina. A laila, no ka manawa like, lawe ʻia ka ipu i uhi ʻia me nā ʻōpala i ke anuanu. ʻO ka hana aʻe e kau i ka pahu hua ma kahi anuanu, kahi ma hope o 20-25 mau lā e ʻike ʻia nā wana mua. Ua kanu ʻia lākou i loko o nā pahu me ka lepo i ka hapalua me ka perlite, a i ka wā e puka mai ai ke kolu o ka lau, ua kanu ʻia lākou i ka lepo.

ʻOki ʻoki

Hoʻohana nā māla i ʻelua ala:

1. ʻOki ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Ma hope o ka pua ʻana, ʻoki ʻia kahi pana 10-15 cm ka lōʻihi me ʻekolu mau pua mai ka nahele. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka pana i loko o kahi lua i hoʻopiha ʻia me kahi papa wai a me kahi hui o humus a me ke one. E uhi me ka foil, e palua i ka la a me ka ea mau. Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Actinidia i ka ʻāina ākea i ka pūnāwai.
2. ʻOki lāʻau. Hoʻopau ʻia nā lālā no ke kanu ʻana i ka hāʻule. ʻO ko lākou lōʻihi he 20 cm. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā wana i ke one a mālama ʻia a hiki i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Malaki, a laila kanu ʻia i loko o ka hale kōmaena. Ke ʻike ʻia nā aʻa, hoʻololi ʻia ka ʻōpala i ka ʻāina ākea.

Ka hoʻopololei ʻana

ʻO ke ʻano o ka hāʻule ʻana o nā pua ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Hana ʻia nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi 7-10 cm hohonu ma lalo o ke kumu lāʻau, kahi papa o ka hui ʻana o ka lepo (sawdust, peat, humus) i uhi ʻia a waiho ʻia ke kumu ʻōpio haʻahaʻa, e waiho ana i luna ma luna o ka ʻili. I ka hiamoe ʻana me ka honua a hoʻopaʻa ʻia mai ka makani, hoʻoinu mau ʻia e hana i kahi ʻōnaehana kumu kūʻokoʻa. E hoʻokaʻawale i ka pana mai kahi mea kanu makua i ka pūnāwai.

ʻOhi, mālama a hoʻohana i nā mea kanu

Hoʻomaka ʻo Actinidia e hua i nā makahiki 3-4, a mai ka makahiki 7 e hana mau ia. Hiki i hoʻokahi kumu lāʻau ke hua mai 12 a 60 kg o nā hua. ʻOhi mai ka hopena o ke kauwela a hiki i ka hopena o ke kau. E ʻoki ʻia nā hua ʻōpala mai ka liana ma luna o kahi lau palahalaha. Pono ka wahi e waiho ai i ke anuanu a maikaʻi hoʻi. Eia kekahi, hiki ke maloʻo a maloʻo paha nā hua.

Ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka huaora C a me nā minela, pono loa ka actinidia:

• Hoʻoikaika ia i ka ʻōnaehana pale pale;
• hoʻopaʻa i ka hana o ka puʻuwai, ka hoʻohui koko a me ka elasticity o nā kīʻaha koko;
• ka hopena maikaʻi ma nā kino o ka ʻōnaehana hanu;
• hakakā i nā maʻi o ka ʻōpū ʻōpū;
• wehe i nā palaka;
• hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ʻili a me ka elasticity.

ʻO kahi mea kanu mea kanu ʻaʻole wale i ka nani aesthetically, akā lawe pū kekahi i ka ʻohi ʻana, ʻo ia ka moeʻuhane o kekahi māla. He paʻakikī a ʻano haʻahaʻa ʻole, a no laila hiki i nā mea hoʻomaka ke ulu i ka actinidia.