ʻO ka peʻa Prickly

Ua ʻike nā kānaka a pau i kēia cactus paʻakikī me nā hua ʻai. ʻO ka prickly pear he palahalaha, ʻono nā ʻōpuʻu o ke ʻano poepoe a i ʻole ʻano oval, ʻano pepeiao a i ʻole pōpō palahalaha. Ke ulu nei lākou mai kekahi i kekahi ma nā kihi ʻokoʻa, e hana ana i nā silhouette ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka mea hele i hāʻule i loko o ia mau ululāʻau ʻaʻole hiki ke maʻalahi ke hele i waho. 

ʻO nā ʻōpuʻu o ka pear prickly, e like me nā cacti āpau, loaʻa nā halos - nā ʻōpuʻu axillary i hoʻololi nui ʻia me nā spines ʻoi lōʻihi a me nā pūpū o nā spines lahilahi - glochidia. He mea ʻino loa kēia mau villi. Ma nā wēlau he mau notches ko lākou, e like me ke poʻo pua. Ke hoʻopili ʻia me ka ʻili, ʻoki lākou a pili i ka ʻili, e hoʻonāukiuki a me ka ʻili.  

ʻO nā pua prickly pear he kaʻawale, sessile, nui a hōʻikeʻike, e hoʻomanaʻo ana i nā rosa. ʻO ke kala keʻokeʻo, melemele, ʻalani, ʻulaʻula i nā ʻano like ʻole.

Nui nā hua, ʻono a me nā kākalaioa ma waho. E hōʻiliʻili iā lākou i nā mīkina lima paʻa. He ʻeleʻele nā ​​ʻanoʻano, he poepoe, me ka pūpū paʻakikī (1). 

Ma nā ʻano ʻano wela a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, ulu ʻia ka pear prickly ma ke ʻano he meaʻai a me ka meaʻai meaʻai - he mea ʻono punahele kēia o nā hoki. ʻO nā'ōpiopio'ōpiopio, i'eliʻia i nā kākalaioa a me ka glochidia, hoʻohanaʻia e like me nā mea kanu - hou, paʻi, kālua, pickled. ʻO nā hua ʻono nui, ʻoiai ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana iā lākou, a me ka nui o nā hua paʻakikī e like me ka hapa, he mea ʻono ia i nā ʻāina he nui. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou e hoʻomākaukau i ka molasses, jam, jam maka, marmalade, marshmallow, nā hua maloʻo, nā mea inu - syrup, wai a me ka waina. Ma ka mokupuni ʻo Malta, hana kekahi mau hui i ka liqueur ʻono ʻono ʻo Baitra (Bajtra) mai nā hua pear prickly, i lawe pū ʻia e nā mākaʻikaʻi.

ʻAʻole nele i ka pear prickly a me nā waiwai lapaʻau. He hopena ho'ōla ʻeha ko ka wai o kekahi o kona ʻano. Hoʻohana ʻia nā pua ʻiʻo i ka lāʻau lapaʻau no nā compresses a i ka mālama ʻana i nā kuni.

I loko o nā wana kahiko o prickly pear ʻaʻole i ka lāʻau pala - ikaika, akā i ka manawa like porous a me ka wili. ʻO nā ipukukui, nā peni, nā mea nani i hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻia mai ia mea.

I ka māla nani, hoʻohana ʻia ka prickly pear i nā haku ʻāina i nā māla a me nā paka, a me nā pā.

Ma ke ʻano he hale kanu, ua ʻike ʻia ka prickly pear mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 2, akā i loko o ka hale e pua lākou me ka makemake ʻole a ma lalo o nā kūlana kūpono, a, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻaʻole e hāʻawi i ka hua. Eia nō naʻe, i nā māla hoʻoilo a me nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka paia o nā hale a me nā hale ʻāina, hoʻonui nui ʻia ko lākou manawa no ke ola holoʻokoʻa o nā wana, ʻoi aku ka nui me ka hoʻomālamalama hou (XNUMX).

ʻO nā mea kanu ʻōpiopio e pua maʻamau i 10 mau makahiki a ʻoi paha.

ʻO ka mea pono

Wahi a kahi moʻolelo kahiko, ʻo nā Aztecs, luhi i ka hele lōʻihi ʻana i nā mauna, kū lākou ma kahakai o ka Lake Texcoco nani a ʻike i kahi ʻaeto e haehae ana i ka nahesa ma luna o kahi pear prickly nui. He hōʻailona maikaʻi ia o nā akua a ua hoʻokumu ka ʻohana i ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Tenochtitlan ma ʻaneʻi - ka "Place of the sacred prickly pear" - ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Mexico i kēia manawa. I kēia manawa ua hōʻike ʻia kēia hiʻohiʻona o ka moʻolelo ma ka ʻaʻahu Mekiko.

Nā ʻano o ka pear prickly

ʻOi aku ma mua o 350 mau ʻano o ka prickly pear i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano. Akā he kakaikahi wale nō o lākou i hoʻohana ʻia i ka moʻomeheu.

ʻO ka peʻa Prickly (Opuntia microdasys). Mea kanu lālā paʻa a hiki i 60 knm ke kiʻekiʻe no ka floriculture i loko. Aia ke kumu i nā ʻāpana ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻeleʻele oval a hiki i 15 knm ka lōʻihi me ka nui o nā halo-pads o ka glochidia ʻulaʻula - melemele, ʻulaʻula a me ke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo. Albinospina). He melemele nā ​​pua. He ʻulaʻula nui nā hua.

Opuntia Bergera (Opuntia bergeriana). Ke ulu nei a hiki i 1 m. ʻO nā'ōpuʻu he elongated,'ōmaʻomaʻo'ōmaʻomaʻo, me nā'ōniu melemele lōʻihi. Mohala i ka wā ʻōpiopio, a nui loa. ʻAlani-ʻulaʻula nā pua me kahi pistil ʻōmaʻomaʻo.

lauoho keʻokeʻo prickly pear (Opuntia leucotricha). Hoʻonui ʻia nā ʻāpana kumu - a hiki i 25 cm. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o kēia ʻano he spines keʻokeʻo lōʻihi, kahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai nā wana āpau. He liʻiliʻi nā pua, melemele gula.

ʻO Peick Prickly (Opuntia cylindrica). ʻO nā mea kanu me nā kumu cylindrical atypical no ka prickly pear, ua kapa ʻia lākou he pterocactus.

Opuntia Indian, a fig (Opuntia ficus-indica). He lāʻau ke kumu ma ke kumu. Puʻu ʻoliva ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Nui nā spines cream ma nā halos liʻiliʻi. He ʻulaʻula nā pua, me kahi hue gula. Ma ke ʻano, hāʻawi ia i kahi ʻohi maikaʻi o nā hua ʻono a ʻala.

ʻO Gosselin pear prickly (Opuntia gosseliniana). Hoʻomaka nā mea kanu e pua mai 5 mau makahiki. I nā ʻōpio prickly ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula, i nā pākeke he uliuli-'ōmaʻomaʻo lākou me kahi ʻulaʻula. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao o luna wale nō o nā ʻāpana i lūlū ʻia me nā spines loloa palupalu. He melemele nā ​​pua, ʻala.

E mālama i ka pear prickly ma ka home

He mea maʻalahi ka prickly pear e ulu a hoʻololi maikaʻi i nā kūlana like ʻole. No ke kauwela, makemake ʻia e hoʻoneʻe iā ia i ka ea hou - i ka balcony a i kahi hale kauwela. I ka wā o ka pua a me ka pua ʻana, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻonohonoho hou ʻia nā mea kanu mai kahi a i kahi, hoʻoweliweli kēia e hāʻule i nā pua (3).

Pā

No ka prickly pear, ʻo nā lepo kūikawā no ka cacti a me nā succulents a i ʻole ka hui ʻana o ka lepo o kēia ʻano i kūpono: lepo soddy, one coarse, gravel maikaʻi a i ʻole ka pālolo hoʻonui (2: 3: 1) me ka hoʻohui o ka pālolo (4).

kau iho

Hoʻokumu ʻia nā mea kanu prickly nui olakino me ka kukui ikaika. ʻO kahi kūpono he puka makani hema a kokoke paha, pale ʻia mai ka lā pololei (4).

mahana

I ka hoʻoilo, mālama ʻia ka pear prickly ma kahi mahana o 5 - 15 ° C a me ka lepo haʻahaʻa a me ka haʻahaʻa o ka ea. I nā wela kiʻekiʻe, ʻō a nāwaliwali nā mea kanu. 

I ke kauwela, ʻo ka mahana maikaʻi he 23 - 30 ° C, akā ma ke kumu, ʻae nā mea kanu i kahi ākea o nā mahana maikaʻi (4). 

Kawaūea

ʻO ka Cacti kahi maloʻo maloʻo a hiki i ka home ke ola no ka manawa lōʻihi me ka ʻole o ka wai. No laila, hoʻohāinu nui ʻia lākou, akā kakaikahi: 

• i ka wā ulu - 1 manawa i 10 - 15 mau lā, e pili ana i ka mahana a me ka maloʻo o ka lepo;
• i ka hoʻoilo - 1 manawa i 20 - 25 mau lā (a hiki i ka hoʻoinu hou ʻana, pono e maloʻo ka honua, ma nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, pau ka wai). 

E hoʻohana wale i ka wai mālie. Pono e hoʻoinu ʻia mai kahi pahu wai ma ka lihi o ka ipuhao i ʻole e hāʻule ka wai ma luna o nā mea kanu. 

Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka oddly lawa, prickly pea, a me nā cacti ʻē aʻe, makemake hoʻi i ka pīpī ʻana, no ka mea ma ke ʻano o kēlā me kēia kakahiaka ua uhi ʻia lākou me nā kulu liʻiliʻi o ka hau. No laila, i kēlā me kēia manawa pono lākou e pīpī ʻia. Pono ʻoe i kahi mea hoʻoheheʻe noe maikaʻi. Hoʻopiha ʻia ka pahu me ka wai mahana (30 - 35 ° C), i ka wā e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, maʻalili.

Pono e hoʻoheheʻe mau ʻia ka lumi kahi e ulu ai ka pear prickly (4).

ʻO nā mea momona a me nā mea momona

ʻO ka prickly pear, e like me ka hapa nui o ka cacti, mai ka pūnāwai a i ka hopena o ke kauwela, hoʻokahi manawa i ka mahina, hānai ʻia lākou me nā mea kanu mineral paʻakikī no ka cacti a me nā succulents a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea momona wai no ka cacti. ʻAʻole kūpono nā mea kanu organik no kēia poʻe noho wao nahele. Hoʻomākaukauʻia nā mea e like me nā kuhikuhi. 

Hoʻopau ʻia ka fertilization i ka hāʻule (2).

Kūkā

ʻAʻole koi ʻia ka ʻohi maʻamau. Hana ʻia ia i ka wā e pono ai ka cactus i ke kōkua, a i ʻole e hoʻololi i ke ʻano o ka mea kanu, hāʻawi iā ia i kahi ʻano nani a i ʻole e hōʻemi wale i ka nui. Hoʻopau pinepine ʻia nā ʻōpuʻu ʻoki ʻia ma hope o ka hoʻoilo (2).

Ka hana hou ʻana o ka pear prickly ma ka home

Nā ʻokiʻoki. ʻO kēia ke ala nui. Hoʻokiʻoki ʻia nā ʻōpio ʻōpio ma kahi o ke kumu, hoʻomaloʻo ʻia no 1-3 mau lā i ka malu a kanu ʻia no ke aʻa ʻana, hohonu hohonu, i loko o kahi kāwili o ka peat a me ke one (1: 1). Hoʻomoʻu iki ʻia ka substrate, a ua uhi ʻia ka pahu me nā mea kanu me kahi kiʻi ʻoniʻoni a i ʻole ka lole i ulana ʻole ʻia ma ke kiʻi. Mālama ʻia ka mahana ma 20 ° C. 

Ke ʻike ʻia nā ʻōpuʻu hou ma ka lima, ua hoʻololi ʻia i loko o ka ipuhao mau.

Nā hua. He pūpū paʻakikī loa ka ʻanoʻano prickly pea, no laila pono lākou e ʻulaʻula ma mua o ka lūlū ʻana - e hana i nā notches liʻiliʻi me kahi faila nail. A laila hoʻomoʻi ʻia nā hua no 30 mau minuke i kahi hopena ʻulaʻula o ka potassium permanganate a ma hope o 12 mau hola i ka wai mahana, hoʻololi wau i nā manawa he nui. Ma hope o ia hoʻomākaukau ʻana, lūlū ʻia nā hua i loko o ka lepo maloʻo o ka ʻano like a uhi ʻia ka pahu me ke aniani. Ma hope aʻe, hoʻopili ʻia ka substrate i kēlā me kēia manawa. Mālama ʻia ka mahana ma 22 ° C. 

Hiki i ka germination a hiki i hoʻokahi mahina a he mea nui ʻaʻole e pala nā hua. Luʻu nā hua ulu i loko o nā ipu liʻiliʻi (2).

Hoʻololi ʻo Opuntia ma ka home

Hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻōpio prickly pears i kēlā me kēia makahiki a i kēlā me kēia makahiki, nā pākeke - hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia 4 - 5 mau makahiki, i ko lākou ulu ʻana a i ka wā e pau ai ka substrate.

ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka kanu hou ʻana i ka cacti ma mua o nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe i loko, ua maʻalahi ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ko lākou aʻa mai ka lepo a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke ola. 

ʻO ka manawa hoʻololi maikaʻi loa ma ka hopena o ka hoʻoilo. Pono e hooki i ka wai i loko o hoʻokahi pule. Pono ka ipuhao hou i ke anawaena he 2-3 cm ka nui ma mua o ka mea mua. Kanu ʻia nā mea kanu i ka pae o ka ʻāʻī aʻa. 

Hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ka hoʻololi ʻana me ka transshipment i loko o nā pahu nui aʻe me ka mālama ʻana i ka lepo lepo.

Hoʻomaka ka hoʻoinu ʻana i nā mea kanu ma hope o 10 a 12 mau lā (5).

nā maʻi prickly pea

ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka Cacti i nā maʻi physiological - non-infectious e ulu ana ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi ʻole no nā mea kanu. ʻO ka ea maʻemaʻe i loko o kahi lumi maikaʻi ʻole, ka haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe o ka ea a me ka lepo, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, kōkua i ka puka ʻana a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā maʻi. 

ʻO nā hōʻailona nui o nā maʻi:

Nā kiko ʻulaʻula ma nā wana. ʻO ke kumu ma luna o ka wai.

Hoʻokiʻoki ʻia nā ʻāpana i hoʻopili ʻia i ka ʻiʻo olakino a mālama ʻia me ka lanahu i ʻoki ʻia.

Nā lau ʻōniʻoniʻo. ʻO ka maʻamau kēia ma muli o ka nele o ka māmā a i ʻole ka nui o ka wai. 

Manaʻo ʻia e hoʻonohonoho hou i ka mea kanu i kahi wahi mālamalama a hoʻoponopono i ka wai.

Hoʻopau i ka ulu ʻana. ʻO kahi hopena o ka nui o ka makū i ka hoʻoilo a (a i ʻole) ka hemahema o nā meaʻai, me nā mea ʻala. 

ʻO ka wai kūpono a me ka fertilizing maʻamau e hoʻoponopono i ke kūlana.

Hiki i nā mea kanu nāwaliwali ke loaʻa i nā maʻi fungal: lohi ahi (palapala pulu) a phomosis(palapala maloʻo). No ka pale ʻana iā lākou, hoʻohana ʻia nā fungicides - ka hui ʻana o Bordeaux, Fundazol, Polyhom (3).

ʻO nā mea ʻeha prickly pears

ʻO nā mea hōʻeha nui o ka prickly pear he spider mites a me mealybugs, ʻo nā ʻōpala unahi e ʻoluʻolu e noho ma luna o nā wana, a me nā nematodes ma nā aʻa. ʻO ka nānā mau ʻana i nā mea kanu e ʻae iā ʻoe e ʻike koke i ke ʻano o nā pests a hana i ka hana.

ʻO ka spider mite. Hoʻonui wikiwiki ia ma kahi maloʻo a maikaʻi ʻole ka makani. ʻAi ia i ke kohu o nā mea kanu, ʻoi aku ka nui ma nā ʻōpuʻu ʻōpio. Me ka lanakila ikaika, pau ka prickly pear i ka ulu ʻana, a hoʻololi ke kala o nā wana i ka melemele a ʻulaʻula paha. 

Kūpono nā Acaricides no ka mālama ʻana: Neoron, Sunmite, etc. - e like me nā kuhikuhi.

Mealybug. Me ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o kēia mau pepeke liʻiliʻi, me he mea lā ua kāpīpī ʻia ka cacti me ka palaoa. ʻIke maopopo ʻia nā puʻupuʻu keʻokeʻo o nā ovipositions. 

I ka pae mua o ka infestation, hiki ke holoi ʻia nā iniseti a me nā hua me kahi pulupulu pulu. Hoʻopili ʻia nā mea kanu i hoʻopilikia nui ʻia me nā insecticides - Actellik, Fufanon (6), etc., a uhi ʻia me ka ʻili plastik no hoʻokahi lā.

E kūʻē aku nā nematodes ua hoʻokahe ʻia ka lepo i ʻelua manawa, me kahi manawa o 7 - 10 mau lā, me nā nematicides (Vidat, Nematofagin-Mikopro, etc.), e like me nā kuhikuhi. ʻO Shchitovok ʻO ka hapa nui i wehe ʻia me ka mechanically, a laila holoi ʻia nā wana me kahi hopena palupalu o ka potassium permanganate (3).

ʻO ka mea pono

I ka wā i hala iho nei, ma Mekiko, ua ulu nā mea kanu āpau o prickly pear e hānai i nā aphids huluhulu - cochineal, kahi i loaʻa ai ka pena raspberry waiwai - carmine. Me ka hiki ʻana mai o nā dyes synthetic, ua emi loa ka dilution o ka cochineal, akā hoʻohana mau ʻia ka carmine maoli i ka ʻoihana meaʻai a me nā mea ʻala, a me ka noiʻi biochemical a no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā hoʻomākaukau histological no ka nānā ʻana ma lalo o kahi microscope. 

Nā nīnau a me nā pane kaulana

Ua pane ʻia nā nīnau maʻamau o nā mea kanu pua e pili ana i ka prickly pear kukui. s.-x. ʻEpekema Irina Titova.

Kumuwaiwai o

1. Takhtajan AL Plant life, volume 5 (1) // M .: Education, 1982
2. Kulish SV Prickly pear. alakaʻi hoʻomaʻamaʻa. Māhele: ʻO nā mea kanu i loko o ka honua kaulana loa // M .: AST / Stalker, 2005 - 2008
3.  Semenov DV Cacti a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe // M.: Fiton +, 2013
4. Semenov DV cacti. Puke kuhikuhi piha // M.: AST-Press, 2004
5. Udalova RA, Vyugina NG I ke ao o ka cacti // M.: Nauka, 1983
6. ʻAe ʻia ka papa inoa o nā pesticides a me nā agrochemical no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma ka ʻāina o ka Federation ma Iulai 6, 2021 // Ministry of Agriculture of the Federation

   https://mcx.gov.ru/ministry/departments/departament-rastenievodstva-mekhanizatsii-khimizatsii-i-zashchity-rasteniy/industry-information/info-gosudarstvennaya-usluga-po-gosudarstvennoy-registratsii-pestitsidov-i-agrokhimikatov/