Ke piʻi aʻe nei ka maʻi bacteria pale antibiotic. ʻO ke kanaka ponoʻī ka hewa no kēia, nāna i hana i nā lāʻau antibiotic a hoʻomaka e hoʻohana nui iā lākou, ʻoiai ʻaʻole pono. ʻAʻohe koho o ka bacteria akā ke hoʻololi. ʻO kekahi lanakila o ke ʻano - ke ʻano o ka gene NDM-1 - hoʻoweliweli e lilo i hope. He aha ka hana me ia?
Hoʻohana pinepine nā kānaka i nā lāʻau antibiotic no ke kumu liʻiliʻi loa (a i kekahi manawa no ke kumu ʻole). ʻO kēia ke ʻano o ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o nā maʻi multidrug-resistant, ʻaʻole i mālama ʻia me nā lāʻau antibiotic i ʻike ʻia i ka lāʻau lapaʻau hou. ʻAʻole pono nā lāʻau antibiotic i ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi viral no ka mea ʻaʻole hana lākou i nā maʻi maʻi. Akā ke hana nei lākou i ka bacteria, aia i loko o ke kino o ke kanaka. Eia nō naʻe, ma ka pololei, pono e ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo ka mālama ʻana i ka "pololei" o nā maʻi bacterial me nā antibiotics, ʻoiaʻiʻo hoʻi, e kōkua pū i kā lākou hoʻololi ʻana i nā kūlana kūlohelohe maikaʻi ʻole.
E like me ke kākau ʻana o ka Guardian, "E pau ana ka makahiki o nā lāʻau antibiotic. I kekahi lā, e noʻonoʻo mākou ʻelua mau hanauna me ka maʻi ʻole he manawa maikaʻi loa ia no ka lāʻau lapaʻau. I kēia manawa ʻaʻole hiki i ka bacteria ke hoʻi hou. Me he mea lā ua kokoke loa ka hopena o ka moʻolelo o nā maʻi lele. Akā i kēia manawa ma ka papa kuhikuhi he "post-antibiotic" apocalypse.
ʻO ka hana nui o nā antimicrobials i ka waena o ke kenekulia iwakālua i hoʻomaka i kahi au hou o ka lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻO ka lāʻau antibiotic mua, ʻo ka penicillin, ua ʻike ʻia e Alexander Fleming i ka makahiki 1928. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ka ʻepekema iā ia mai kahi ʻano o ka fungus Penicillium notatum, ʻo ka ulu ʻana o ia mea ma kahi o nā maʻi bacteria ʻē aʻe he hopena koʻikoʻi iā lākou. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka hana nui o ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma ka hopena o ke Kaua Honua II a mālama ʻia e hoʻopakele i nā ola he nui, ka mea i koi i nā maʻi bacterial i hoʻopilikia i nā koa ʻeha ma hope o nā hana ʻoki. Ma hope o ke kaua, ua hana ikaika ka ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau i ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hana ʻana i nā ʻano lāʻau antibiotic hou, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a me ka hana ʻana i kahi ākea o nā microorganism pōʻino. Eia naʻe, ua ʻike koke ʻia ʻaʻole hiki i nā lāʻau antibiotic ke lilo i mea lapaʻau āpau no nā maʻi bacterial, no ka mea he nui loa ka nui o nā ʻano bacteria pathogenic a hiki i kekahi o lākou ke pale aku i nā hopena o nā lāʻau lapaʻau. Akā ʻo ka mea nui, hiki i ka bacteria ke hoʻololi a hoʻomohala i ke ʻano o ka hakakā ʻana i nā antibiotic.
Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea ola ʻē aʻe, ma ke ʻano o ka evolution, loaʻa i ka bacteria hoʻokahi pono hiki ʻole ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia - ʻaʻole ola lōʻihi kēlā me kēia mea maʻi, a hoʻonui pū lākou me ka wikiwiki, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ke kaʻina o ka helehelena a me ka hoʻohui ʻana i kahi mutation "maikaʻi" e emi loa lākou. manawa ma mua o ke kanaka. ʻO ka puka ʻana o ke kūʻē ʻana i ka lāʻau, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka emi ʻana o ka hopena o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau antibiotic, ua ʻike nā kauka no ka manawa lōʻihi. ʻO ka mea nui i hōʻike ʻia ʻo ka puka ʻana mai o nā maʻi kūʻokoʻa mua i nā lāʻau lapaʻau kūikawā, a laila nā maʻi kūʻokoʻa multidrug o ka tuberculosis. Hōʻike nā helu helu honua ma kahi o 7% o nā maʻi TB i loaʻa i kēia ʻano maʻi maʻi maʻi. ʻAʻole naʻe i pau ka ulu ʻana o ka Mycobacterium tuberculosis - a ua puka mai kahi maʻi me ke kūʻē ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻaʻole hiki ke mālama ʻia. ʻO ka maʻi maʻi he maʻi me ka virulence kiʻekiʻe, a no laila ua ʻike ʻia ka hiʻohiʻona o kāna ʻano super-resistant e ka World Health Organization i mea weliweli loa a lawe ʻia ma lalo o ka mana kūikawā o ka UN.
ʻO ka "hopena o ka wā antibiotic" i hoʻolaha ʻia e ka Guardian ʻaʻole ia ka manaʻo maʻamau o ka pāpā e hopohopo. Ua ʻike ʻia ka pilikia e ka loea Pelekane ʻo Tim Walsh, nona ka ʻatikala "The Emergence of New Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance in India, Pakistan and the UK: Molecular, Biological and Epidemiological Aspects" i paʻi ʻia ma ʻAukake 11, 2010 ma ka puke moʻolelo hanohano Lancet Infectious Diseases. . ʻO ka ʻatikala a Walsh a me kāna mau hoa hana i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i ke aʻo ʻana i ka gene NDM-1, i ʻike ʻia e Walsh i Kepakemapa 2009. ʻO kēia ʻano, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia no ka manawa mua mai nā moʻomeheu bacteria i loaʻa mai nā poʻe maʻi i hele mai ʻEnelani a i India a pau i ka ʻO ka papa hana ma laila, he maʻalahi loa ka hoʻololi ʻana ma waena o nā ʻano bacteria like ʻole ma muli o ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka hoʻoili gene horizontal. ʻO ka mea nui, ua wehewehe ʻo Walsh i ka hoʻololi ʻana ma waena o ka Escherichia coli E. coli maʻamau a me Klebsiella pneumoniae, kekahi o nā kumu kumu o ka pneumonia. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona nui o ka NDM-1 ʻo ia ka hana ʻana i ka bacteria e kūʻē i kahi kokoke i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ikaika loa a me nā mea hou e like me carbapenems. Hōʻike ka haʻawina hou a Walsh he mea maʻamau ka bacteria me kēia mau genes ma India. Loaʻa ka maʻi maʻi i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana. Wahi a Walsh, ʻo ke ʻano o kēlā ʻano gene i loko o ka bacteria he mea weliweli loa ia, no ka mea, ʻaʻohe lāʻau antibiotic e kūʻē i ka maʻi ʻōpū me kēlā ʻano gene. ʻIke ʻia he 10 mau makahiki hou aʻe ka lāʻau a hiki i ka laha ʻana o ka genetic mutation.
ʻAʻole nui kēia, ʻoiai ʻo ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi lāʻau antibiotic hou, kāna mau hoʻokolohua lapaʻau a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hana nui e lōʻihi loa. I ka manawa like, pono mau ka ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau i ka manawa e hana ai. ʻO ka mea kupanaha, ʻaʻole makemake nui ka ʻoihana lāʻau i ka hana ʻana i nā lāʻau antibiotic hou. Ua ʻōlelo pū ka World Health Organization me ka ʻawaʻawa ʻaʻole pono ia no ka ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau e hana i nā antimicrobials. Ho'ōla koke nā maʻi maʻi: ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke ʻano o nā lāʻau antibiotic ma mua o kekahi mau lā. E hoʻohālikelike me nā lāʻau lapaʻau puʻuwai e lawe i nā mahina a i ʻole mau makahiki. A inā ʻaʻole nui ka mea e pono ai no ka hana nui ʻana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, a laila ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka loaʻa kālā, a ʻo ka makemake o nā ʻoihana e hoʻokomo i nā hoʻomohala ʻepekema ma kēia ʻaoʻao. Eia kekahi, he nui loa na ma'i ma'i ma'i ma'i 'ole, 'o ia ho'i nā ma'i parasitic a me nā ma'i wela, a loa'a loa mai ke Komohana mai, hiki ke uku i nā lā'au lapa'au.
Ma waho aʻe o nā mea waiwai, aia kekahi mau palena kūlohelohe - loaʻa ka hapa nui o nā lāʻau antimicrobial hou e like me nā ʻano o nā mea kahiko, a no laila "hoʻomaʻamaʻa" ka bacteria iā lākou me ka wikiwiki. ʻAʻole hiki pinepine ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi ʻano lāʻau antibiotic hou i kēia mau makahiki. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ma kahi o nā lāʻau antibiotic, ke hoʻomohala nei ka mālama olakino i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe e mālama ai i nā maʻi - bacteriophages, antimicrobial peptides, probiotics. Akā haʻahaʻa loa ko lākou pono. I kēlā me kēia hihia, ʻaʻohe mea e hoʻololi i nā lāʻau antibiotic no ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi bacterial ma hope o ke kaʻina. He mea nui hoʻi nā hana hoʻololi: ʻo ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana pale e pono ai no ka hoʻololi ʻana o ke kino e pono ai ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau antibiotic e hōʻoia i ka mea maʻi e kūʻē i ka ulu ʻana o nā maʻi. Pēlā nō, hoʻohana ʻia nā lāʻau antibiotic i ka wā o ka chemotherapy. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻole o ia pale e lilo kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau āpau, inā ʻaʻole pono, a laila pilikia loa.
ʻOiai ke ʻimi nei ka poʻe ʻepekema i ke kālā mai kahi hoʻoweliweli hou (a i ka manawa like ke kālā e hoʻolilo i ka noiʻi kūʻē i ka lāʻau lapaʻau), he aha kā mākou e hana ai? E hoʻohana i nā lāʻau antibiotic me ka akahele a me ka akahele: ʻo kēlā me kēia hoʻohana ʻana iā lākou e hāʻawi i ka "ʻenemi", bacteria, kahi manawa e ʻimi ai i nā ala e pale aku ai. Akā,ʻo ka mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo i ka hakakā maikaʻi loa (mai ka manaʻo o nā manaʻo likeʻole o ke olakino a me ka meaʻai maoli, ka lāʻau lapaʻau maʻamau - ka Ayurveda hoʻokahi, a me keʻano o ka manaʻo maʻamau) he pale. ʻO ke ala maikaʻi loa e hakakā ai i nā maʻi, ʻo ia ka hana mau ʻana i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i kou kino ponoʻī, e lawe mai i kahi kūlana o ka lokahi.