ʻO ka Haku o ke apo mare: ka moʻolelo o ke aloha wale nō a JRR Tolkien

Heluhelu ʻia nā hana a John Ronald Reuel Tolkien a puni ka honua. ʻO kāna mau hobbits, gnomes a me nā mea kupanaha ʻē aʻe i hoʻololi i ka maka o ka palapala honua a me ka moʻomeheu. Akā he aha kā mākou ʻike e pili ana i ke aloha nui loa i kona ola?

“He keiki kupaianaha ʻo ia i hōʻike i nā kālena kupaianaha. Ua makemake ʻo ia i nā moʻolelo a me nā kaʻao, e pāʻani ana i ka chess, e kaha kiʻi i nā ʻīlio, a ua haku ʻo ia i kekahi mau ʻōlelo i ka ʻeiwa o kona mau makahiki, "wahi a ka mea hoʻoponopono ʻohana ʻo Jason Whiting, ka mea kākau o kahi puke pili pili. - Ua ʻike nā kānaka a pau he makana ʻo ia, akā kakaikahi ka poʻe i ʻike i ke ʻano o Tolkien aloha ʻole. Ua puka mai kāna puke ʻo Beren lāua ʻo Lúthien i ka makahiki 2017, he mau makahiki ma hope o ka make ʻana o ka mea kākau, akā haʻi ʻo ia i kahi moʻolelo kokoke i kona puʻuwai. He moʻolelo ia o ke aloha a me ka hoʻolaʻa ʻana iā ia iho, i hoʻoulu ʻia e Tolkien makemake i kāna wahine ʻo Edith.

Ua lilo ka hoaloha i ke aloha

Ua ulu ʻo Tolkien ma ʻEnelani i nā makahiki 1900 mua ma lalo o nā kūlana paʻakikī, ua nalowale kona makuakāne a me kona makuahine i waena o ka wā ʻōpio. Lawe ʻia ma lalo o ke aʻo ʻana a kahi kahuna Katolika, ʻo Father Francis, mehameha ʻo Ronald ʻōpio a hōʻike i kahi makemake no ka noʻonoʻo a me ka noʻonoʻo. I ka makahiki 16, ua neʻe ʻo ia me kona kaikunāne i kahi hale liʻiliʻi. Ma ka hale hoʻokahi i noho ai kahi kaikamahine nāna i hoʻololi i ke ola a pau o Ronald.

He 19 mau makahiki o Edith Brett ia manawa. He mau maka hina hina kona a me ka hiki ke mele. Ua aloha ʻo Ronald a ua hoʻāla ʻo ia i ka hoihoi like ʻana o Edith. Ua hoʻomaka ka moʻolelo o ka pilina o ke kaikamahine me nā kaikunāne Tolkien. Ua wehewehe ʻo Whiting i ka wehe ʻana o Ronald i ka puka makani a hoʻohaʻahaʻa iho i ka hīnaʻi ma luna o ke kaula, a ua hoʻouka ʻo Edith i nā mea ʻai, e hānai ana i nā keiki makua ʻole. No ka emi koke ʻana o nā lako meaʻai, ua hoʻohauʻoli ʻia ʻo Mrs. Faulkner, ke kahu o ke kaikamahine, ʻoiai ʻo Edith he wiwi a ʻuʻuku, a ʻo kona kiʻekiʻe he 152 keneta wale nō.

ʻO Romeo a me Juliet Pelekania

Ua hoʻonui aku ʻo Edith lāua ʻo Ronald i ka manawa like. Ua ʻike lākou i ka ʻakaʻaka a me ka naʻaupō kekahi i kekahi e like me ke kamaliʻi - no ka laʻana, i ka wā i hui ai lākou i loko o kahi keʻena kīʻaha ma luna o ka hale ma Birmingham, ua hoʻolei lākou i nā pahu kō i loko o nā pāpale o ka poʻe hele.

ʻO kā lāua kamaʻilio ʻana i hoʻopilikia nui i ka makuakāne makaʻala ʻo Francis lāua ʻo Mrs. Faulkner, ka mea a lāua i koho ai i ka inoa kapakapa "keia luahine." Ua noʻonoʻo ka poʻe kiaʻi Moral i ka pili pono ʻole a ua huhū lākou no ka haʻalele ʻana o Ronald i ke kula. Ua hele mai nā mea aloha noʻonoʻo me kahi puʻupuʻu kūlana, i lilo i hōʻailona kelepona no ke kelepona e kamaʻilio ma nā puka makani i ka pō.

ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole i hoʻōki nā pāpā a me nā mea pale iā lākou, pono lākou e hoʻoikaika e kipi. I kekahi hopena pule, ua ʻae ʻo Ronald lāua ʻo Edith e hui ma kuaʻāina. A ʻoiai ua mālama lākou a hoʻi kaʻawale, ua ʻike kekahi o kā lākou mau hoaaloha iā lākou a haʻi aku iā Father Francis. A ma ka manawa like ʻole ʻo Tolkien i hāʻule i nā hoʻokolohua komo i Oxford, ua koi ikaika kāna kahu e hoʻomaha me Edith a ua hoʻomau ke kanaka ʻōpio i kāna mau haʻawina.

Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā kāne, a ua hoʻolālā hou lākou i kahi lā, hui malū, ee ana i ke kaʻaahi a holo i kekahi kūlanakauhale ʻē aʻe, kahi i hele ai lākou i kahi hale kūʻai nani no nā makana no nā lā hānau o kēlā me kēia - ua lilo ke kaikamahine i 21, Ronald - 18. Aka, i keia manawa no hoi, he hoike no ko lakou halawai, a ua ike hou ka Makua Francis i na mea a pau. ʻO kēia manawa he categorical ʻo ia: ʻAʻole pono ʻo Ronald e launa pū me Edith no nā makahiki ʻekolu e hiki mai ana, a hiki i kona lā hānau he iwakāluakūmākahi. No nā poʻe aloha ʻōpio, he pā maoli kēia.

Ua kaumaha ʻo Tolkien, akā ua hoʻolohe ʻo ia i ke kauoha a kona kahu. I nā makahiki ʻekolu e hiki mai ana, ua hala ʻo ia i kāna mau hoʻokolohua kolepa a noho ʻo ia ma Oxford, e pāʻani pāʻani ana a aʻo i ka Gothic, Anglo-Saxon a me Welsh. Eia naʻe, i kona komo ʻana i ke ola haumāna, ʻaʻole ia i poina e pili ana i kāna Edith.

hoi mai

I ka pō o kona lā hānau he iwakāluakūmākahi, noho ʻo Ronald ma kahi moe a nānā i kāna wati. I ka hiki ʻana mai o ke aumoe, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e kākau i kahi leka iā Edith, e hōʻike ana i kona aloha a me ka hāʻawi ʻana e mare iā ia. Ua hala kekahi mau lā hopohopo. Ua loaʻa iā Tolkien kahi pane me ka nūhou weliweli e pili ana kāna Edith i "ke kanaka ʻōpio ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi". Ma nā kūlana o ia manawa, ua ʻelemakule ʻo ia - ua kokoke ʻo ia i 24 mau makahiki - a ʻo ia ka manawa e male ai. Eia hou, ua mana'o ke kaikamahine i loko o'ekolu makahiki ua poina wale'o Ronald iā ia.

Ua lele ʻo Tolkien ma ke kaʻaahi mua i Cheltenham. Ua hui ʻo Edith iā ia ma ke kahua hoʻokele a hele lākou ma ke ala ala. Ua hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka puʻuwai o ke kaikamahine i kona ʻiʻini, a ua ʻae ʻo ia e hoʻōki i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana me ke kāne "hoʻohiki" a mare i kahi haumāna ʻē i hōʻike i ka hoihoi iā Beowulf a me ka linguistic.

“Kuhi malamalama…”

Wahi a ka poʻe biographers, ua piha kā lāua male ʻana i ka hauʻoli a me ka ʻakaʻaka. ʻEhā mau keiki a nā Tolkiens. I kekahi manawa, ua loaʻa kahi moʻolelo i nā mea aloha i waiho i kahi hōʻailona hohonu ma ka ʻuhane o Ronald a hele i kāna mau hana āpau ma ke ʻano he kumu.

Ua hele pū lāua me kāna wahine i loko o ka ululāʻau a loaʻa iā lāua kahi ʻāpua nani me kahi puʻu i ulu nui ʻia me nā pua keʻokeʻo. Hoʻomaka ʻo Edith e hula i ka lā, a paʻa ka hanu o Ronald. Ma ka haʻi ʻana i ka moʻolelo i kāna keiki i nā makahiki he nui ma hope, ua hoʻomanaʻo ʻo Tolkien: "I kēlā mau lā, ua like kona lauoho me ka ʻēheu manu koraka, ʻālohilohi kona ʻili, ʻoi aku ka mālamalama o kona mau maka ma mua o kou hoʻomanaʻo, a hiki iā ia ke hīmeni a hula."

Ua hoʻoikaika kēia hanana i ka mea kākau e haku i moʻolelo e pili ana iā Beren lāua ʻo Lúthien, he kanaka make a he elf. Eia nā laina mai ka puke ʻo The Silmarillion: “Akā, i kona auwana ʻana i waena o ke kauwela ma waena o nā ululāʻau o Neldoreth, ua hālāwai ʻo ia me Lúthien, ke kaikamahine a Thingol lāua ʻo Melian, i ka hola ahiahi, i ka puka ʻana o ka mahina, hula ʻo ia. ma na mauu maloo ole o na kahakai kahakai o Esgalduin. A laila, haʻalele ʻo ia i ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i nā ʻeha i hoʻomanawanui ʻia, a ua hoʻokalakupua ʻia ʻo ia, no ka mea, ʻo Lúthien ka mea nani loa i waena o nā keiki o Ilúvatar. ʻO kona ʻaʻahu ʻaʻahu uliuli e like me ka lani mālamalama, a ʻeleʻele kona mau maka me he pō hōkū lā, ua paʻi ʻia kona ʻaʻahu i nā pua gula, ʻeleʻele kona lauoho e like me nā aka o ka pō. Ua like kona u'i me ka malamalama e paani ana ma na lau o na kumulaau, me ke mele o na wai maemae, na hoku e pii ana maluna o ka honua noe, a ma kona alo he malamalama malamalama.

I ka wā i hāʻawi aku ai ʻo Tolkien i ka manuscript o The Lord of the Rings i ka mea hoʻopuka, ua nīnau ka mea hoʻopuka i ke akamai o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā mea aloha i loko o ka moʻolelo. ʻO ka mea nui, ua haʻi ʻia ka mea kākau ʻōpio ʻo ka moʻolelo o Aragorn lāua ʻo Arwen, e like me Beren lāua ʻo Lúthien, "ʻaʻole pono a papa". Ua manaʻo ka mea hoʻopuka ʻaʻole pono ka puke e pili ana i ka poʻe, ka kilokilo a me nā kaua i nā hiʻohiʻona aloha.

Eia naʻe, ua kū ʻo Tolkien i kona ʻāina, me ka haʻi ʻana i ka mana hoʻoikaika o ke aloha. I loko o kahi leka i ka mea hoʻopuka ʻo Rayner Unwin, ua hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻo ia no ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ke kumumanaʻo o Aragorn lāua ʻo Arwen: "Ke ʻike nei au he mea nui loa ia, no ka mea, he hoʻohālikelike ia o ka manaʻolana. Manaʻo wau e haʻalele ʻoe i kēia hiʻohiʻona. " Ua lilo hou kona makemake, a no laila ua mālama ʻo Tolkien i kāna puke moʻolelo.

Ua make ʻo Edith i ka makahiki 1971 i ka makahiki 82, a ua kahakaha ʻo Tolkien iā “Lúthien” ma ka ʻaoʻao o kona inoa ma kona pōhaku kupapaʻu. Ua make ʻo ia he iwakāluakūmākahi mahina ma hope mai a kanu pū ʻia me ia, a ua hoʻohui ʻia ʻo "Beren" i kona inoa.

ʻO ke kuko a me ka hōʻole iā ia iho

"ʻO ka pilina paʻa ma waena o Tolkien a me kāna mea aloha ʻo Edith e hōʻike ana i ka hohonu o ka manaʻo e hiki ai i nā kānaka ke hiki," wahi a Jason Whiting.

Eia nō naʻe, ʻoiai ua hoʻomālamalama ka pilina me ke kuko, ke hoʻomau nei lākou e ola i ka uku o ka hoʻoikaika nui a me ka ʻālana. Ua ʻike ʻo Tolkien i kēia i kona noʻonoʻo ʻana i ke kumu i kūpaʻa mau ai kāna male. Ua noʻonoʻo ʻo ia: "ʻAneʻe nā male a pau, ʻo nā mea hauʻoli hoʻi, he mau hewa i ka manaʻo e hiki i nā hoa ʻelua ke loaʻa i nā hoa kāne kūpono aʻe. Akā ʻo ka ʻuhane maoli ka mea āu i koho ai, ka mea āu i male ai.

ʻOiai ʻo kona ʻano hoihoi, ua hoʻomaopopo ka mea kākau i ka pono o ka hana ʻana i ka pilina: "ʻAʻole hiki i ke kanaka, ʻoiai ʻo ia ke aloha ʻoiaʻiʻo i kāna mea i wae ʻia ma ke ʻano he wahine mare, a ʻoiai ʻo kona kūpaʻa ʻana iā ia ma ke ʻano he wahine, ʻaʻole hiki ke noho pēlā i kona ola ʻana me ka ʻole o ka wahine. ʻO ka hoʻoholo manaʻo ikaika a me ka noʻonoʻo, me ka hōʻole ʻole iā ia iho i ka ʻuhane a me ke kino.

"Ua ʻike ʻo Tolkien ʻaʻole i hoʻokō ʻia ke aloha ʻoiaʻiʻo e ka manaʻo o ka makemake rapturous," kākau ʻo Whiting. Pono ʻo ia i ka mālama mau a me ka nānā ʻana i nā kikoʻī. No ka laʻana, makemake ʻo Ronald lāua ʻo Edith e hōʻike i ka nānā ʻana i kekahi i kekahi a hāʻawi i nā makana liʻiliʻi. I ka wā makua, ua nui ka manawa i kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā keiki a me nā moʻopuna. Ua kūkulu ʻia ko lāua pilina ma luna o ke kuko a me ka hoaloha, nāna i hānai i kēia aloha mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻopalau a hiki i ka hopena o ke ola.

E pili ana i ka loea: ʻO Jason Whiting he mea lapaʻau ʻohana, kaukaʻi psychology, a me ka mea kākau o True Love. ʻO nā ala kahaha o ka hoʻopunipuni pilikino i ka pilina.