ʻO ka berry

Ua ʻike paha ʻoe i nā yews ma ka nahele? ʻOiaʻiʻo, hiki mai ka ulu lāʻau yew-boxwood ma Sochi i kou manaʻo. Ma laila, e ulu ana nā hua yews, a me nā mea kahiko loa - ʻo kekahi mau lāʻau, e like me nā ʻepekema, aia ma kahi o 2 mau makahiki. Hoʻomanaʻo ʻoe i nā wahi ʻē aʻe? Paʻakikī. A ʻo nā mea āpau no ko mākou ʻāina he kakaikahi loa lākou. Aia lākou ma ka Caucasian Reserve (000), ka North Ossetian Reserve (1), ka Crimea (2) a me ka Kaliningrad Region (3).

Akā i kekahi manawa ʻae ʻae (Taxus baccata) ulu a puni ʻEulopa a noho i nā ʻāina ākea. Akā ua hoʻopau nā kānaka iā ia - makemake nui lākou i ka lāʻau o ka relic. ʻAʻole ia e pala, a ma waho aʻe, loaʻa iā ia nā waiwai bactericidal - ʻo nā mea maʻalahi a kēia mea kanu e hoʻokuʻu ai e pepehi i ka nui o nā microbes i ka lewa. Ke ʻōlelo nei lākou inā loaʻa nā lako yew i loko o ka hale, ʻaʻohe mea e maʻi i laila. ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha inā ʻaʻohe yew i ka nahele.

Akā hiki ke ulu i ka māla! ʻAe, loaʻa i ka yew kona mau hiʻohiʻona, akā ma ka laulā he unpretentious.

Strawberry yew ʻano like ʻole

Ma ke ʻano, hiki i ka yew berry ke kiʻekiʻe o 10 - 20 m, akā i loko o ka ulu lāʻau yew-boxwood he mau specimens 30 m kiʻekiʻe. Akā i nā māla, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 3 m.

Nui nā ʻano yew i ʻokoʻa i ke ʻano o ka lei aliʻi a me ke kala o nā nila.

ʻO Goldener Zwerg (Goldener Zwerg). ʻO kahi ʻano liʻiliʻi o ke ʻano columnar, ma 10 mau makahiki ʻaʻole ia ma mua o 1 m. ʻO ka ulu makahiki he 3-4 cm. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻeleʻele nā ​​nila, he ʻōmaʻomaʻo gula nā ʻōpiopio, e hāʻawi ana i ka mea kanu i kahi ʻano like ʻole. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ke kūpaʻa loa i ka hau.

David (David). He ʻano kolamu ko kēia yew a he kala like ʻole o nā nila - he ʻōmaʻomaʻo me ka palena melemele a puni ka lihi. Ua ulu mālie, 3-4 cm i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o kahi mea kanu makua ma mua o 2 m, ʻo ka laulā o ka lei aliʻi he 70 cm. māmā, lilo i ʻōmaʻomaʻo māmā. ʻO nā ʻano like ʻole i ka hau, akā i nā makahiki mua e pono ai ka malu no ka hoʻoilo.

Hoʻopiʻi (Repandens). ʻO nā ʻano ʻano dwarf me kahi ʻano pālahalaha, poʻe o ka lāʻau. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe he 80 cm, a hiki ke anawaena a hiki i 3 - 4 m. ʻO ka ulu makahiki he 8 cm. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻeleʻele nā ​​kui. ʻO ke kūpaʻa o ka hau, e like me kekahi mau kumu, a hiki i -30 ° C, i nā makahiki mua e pono ai ka hale no ka hoʻoilo. Hoʻomanawanui maikaʻi i ka maloʻo.

Summergold (Summergold). ʻO ke ʻano dwarf me ka lei ākea. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka nahele he 1 m, ʻo ke anawaena he 2-3 m. ʻO ka ulu makahiki he 15 cm. ʻO ka'ōmaʻomaʻo'ōmaʻomaʻo nā nila, akā ua penaʻia nā'ōpiopio'ōpiopio i ka melemele'ōmaʻomaʻo, e hāʻawi ana i ka mea kanu i kahi chic kūikawā. Akā haʻahaʻa loa kona kūpaʻa hau - a hiki i -18 ° С.

Fastigiata (Fastigiata). ʻO kahi ʻano like ʻole me ke ʻano kū pololei, ovoid. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o kahi mea kanu makua a hiki i 7 m, ʻo ke anawaena a hiki i 2 m. ʻO ka ulu makahiki he 12 cm. He ʻeleʻele loa nā nila, ʻeleʻele-'ōmaʻomaʻo ke kala. He haʻahaʻa ka pale ʻana o ka hau (a hiki i -23 ° C), hoʻoilo maikaʻi ma lalo o ka hau.

Fastigiata Robusta (Fastigiata Robusta). Ma ke ʻano o kahi kolamu slender a hiki i 8 m ke kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 1,5 m ke anawaena. Paʻa loa nā ʻōpuʻu. Ka ulu makahiki - 15 cm. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo nā kui. Ke ulu maikaʻi nei i ka lā a me ka malu, akā i ka mālamalama maikaʻi, ʻoi aku ka momona o nā nila i ke kala. He haʻahaʻa ke kūpaʻa hau (a hiki i -28 ° С).

Elegantissima (Elegantissima). He ʻano ākea kēia ʻano like ʻole a hoʻomanaʻo ʻia i kahi vase. He ʻano like ʻole nā ​​nila, melemele-'ōmaʻomaʻo. Ka ulu makahiki - 10 - 15 cm. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o kahi ulu lāʻau makua - 3 - 5 m. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ke kūpaʻa loa i ka hau.

ʻO Yew berry mālama

He liʻiliʻi nā koi mālama Yew. Hiki iā ia ke ulu me ka ʻole o nā hoʻopunipuni, ʻo ka mea nui ke koho i kahi kūpono no ia.

Pā

He kūpono kēlā me kēia lepo no ka yew. Ua ulu maikaʻi ma nā loam momona - ma laila ʻoi aku ka ulu ʻana, ʻoi aku ka mālamalama o ka waihoʻoluʻu, akā ʻoi aku ka paʻa o ka hoʻoilo ma nā one one.

kau iho

Hiki ke ulu ʻo Yews i ka lā a me ka malu. No nā ʻano mea kanu, ʻaʻohe ʻokoʻa loa, akā no nā mea kanu varietal, pili ke kala o nā nila i ke kukui - ma lalo o nā kukui uila e lilo ia i saturated. He ʻoiaʻiʻo kēia no nā ʻano like me ka lei melemele. Me ka ʻole o ka mālamalama, ʻeleʻele nā ​​nila a ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha.

Hoʻomoʻa i ka wai

Pono ka wai o ka yew berry i ka wā o ka ulu ikaika. A, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, i ka wā ʻōpio - i ka makahiki mua ma hope o ke kanu ʻana. I kēia manawa, pono e hoʻoinu iā ia i hoʻokahi manawa i ka pule, 1 bākeke wai no ka lāʻau.

I ka makahiki ʻelua, pono ka wai i ka wā maloʻo lōʻihi - hoʻokahi hoʻi i ka pule, 1 bakeke.

Akā mai ke kolu o ka makahiki, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopilikia hou - ʻae maʻalahi nā yews i ka maloʻo.

nā mea kanu

ʻAʻole pono ke kau ʻana i kekahi mea momona i ke kanu ʻana i ka yew. Akā ʻo ka mea e pono ai e hoʻohui i 1 bākeke honua mai lalo o nā pine a i ʻole nā ​​​​firs i ka lua. Noho nā halo kūikawā i loko o ia ʻano puʻupaʻa, e kōkua ana i nā conifers e unuhi i nā meaʻai.

e ai ana

ʻAʻole pono lākou i ka yew. A ua contraindicated lākou, no ka mea, ʻo nā mea organik hou a me nā fertilizers mineral e pepehi i kēlā mau ʻōpala lepo like, a me ke kōkua ʻole o ka mea kanu e make.

Ka hana hou ʻana o ka yew berry

Hoʻolaha ʻia ka Yew berry i ʻelua ala.

Nā hua. ʻO kēia koho no ka poʻe hoihoi a hoʻomanawanui. Ke ulu mālie nei ʻo Yew, a hiki i nā mea kanu ke kiʻekiʻe o 1 m ma hope o 30 mau makahiki. Akā inā makemake ʻoe e kali, a laila pono ke hoʻāʻo.

Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana e lūlū, pono nā hua, a i ʻole nā ​​cones (ʻo ia ka mea i kapa ʻia nā hua yew), pono e hoʻoinu ʻia i hoʻokahi lā i ka wai - i kēia manawa e palupalu ka pūpū, pono e wehe ʻia. A laila e hoʻomaloʻo ʻia, hui pū ʻia me ke one a hoʻouna ʻia i ka friji me kahi mahana o 5 - 6 ° C (hana maikaʻi ʻia kēia i ʻApelila) ... no 1 makahiki! Makemake ʻoe e hoʻolaha i nā yews mai nā hua? A laila, ma hope o hoʻokahi makahiki, pono lākou e lūlū ʻia i loko o nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo a uhi ʻia me ka lepo coniferous mai lalo o nā pine a i ʻole nā ​​spruces mai luna mai me kahi papa o 2 cm. Me kēia koho lūlū, ma kahi o 70% o nā hua e ulu.

Aia kahi koho maʻalahi - e lūlū koke i nā hua cone ma ka ʻāina ākea i ka hopena o ʻOkakopa - i ka hoʻomaka o Nowemapa i kahi hohonu o 2 cm. Akā i kēia hihia, hiki iā lākou ke ulu i loko o 3 - 4 mau makahiki.

Nā ʻokiʻoki. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o kēia ʻano a hiki ke loaʻa i kēlā me kēia māla. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole pono e hoʻopunipuni kekahi iā ia iho, no ka mea, hōʻike nā hoʻokolohua he ʻilihune loa ke ola o nā ʻoki ʻoki: ʻo ka nui o ka hiki ke manaʻo ʻia he 20%, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o kēia helu (5).

ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e ʻoki i nā ʻokiʻoki no ka hoʻolaha ʻana i Kepakemapa-ʻOkakopa a i ʻApelila-Mei. Pono lākou he 15 - 20 knm ka lōʻihi a pono e lawe ʻia mai nā wana 3 - 5 mau makahiki - ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke aʻa mai nā lālā kahiko. Pono e hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā nila mai ka hapakolu haʻahaʻa o ka ʻokiʻoki, a laila kanu ʻia i loko o nā ipuhao, i ka hui ʻana o ka peat a me ke one ma kahi ratio o 2: 1. ʻAʻole pono e mālama i nā ʻokiʻoki me nā mea hoʻoulu aʻa - ua hōʻike ʻia nā hoʻokolohua. ʻaʻole lākou e hāʻawi i kekahi hopena, a i ʻole, hoʻomāhuahua i ke ola o nā ʻokiʻoki (5).

E aʻa nā ʻokiʻoki ma kahi o 3-4 mau mahina. I kēia manawa a pau, pono lākou e hoʻoinu ʻia i mea e maʻa mau ka honua, a pale ʻia mai ka lā pololei. ʻO nā ʻokiʻoki i kanu ʻia i ka hāʻule i kanu ʻia i ka māla i ka hopena o Mei. Puna - i Kepakemapa.

No ka hoʻoilo, pono e uhi ʻia ka lepo a puni nā mea kanu me ka sawdust me kahi papa o 7-10 cm, a pono e uhi ʻia nā ʻokiʻoki me nā lālā spruce. Ma ke ala, pono e uhi iā lākou no nā makahiki 3-4 mua.

ʻO nā maʻi o ka yew berry

Ma keʻano laulā, ʻaʻole maʻi pinepine ka yew berry, akā naʻe, aia kekahi mau fungi pathogenic hiki ke hoʻopilikia i nā pilikia.

Phomosis. Me kēia maʻi, make ka ʻili o ka mea kanu, huli mālie nā nila, a laila ʻeleʻele a hāʻule. Me ka maʻi ikaika, hoʻomaka nā lālā e maloʻo nui, nāwaliwali ka mea kanu, a maikaʻi ʻole ka hoʻoilo. Hoʻomau nā spores o ka haʻiki ma ka ʻili a me nā nila hāʻule.

I ka hōʻailona mua o ka maʻi, pono e ʻoki ʻia nā ʻōpala āpau. I ka hāʻule, mālama i nā mea kanu me ka hui ʻana o Bordeaux (1%). A inā ua pālahalaha ikaika ka maʻi, a laila pono e hana hou ʻia ka mālama ʻana me Bordeaux i ke kauwela.

Brown Shutte (palapala hau ʻeleʻele). Hoʻopilikia kēia maʻi fungal i nā ʻano conifers, a ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa ka yew. Hōʻike pinepine ka maʻi iā ia iho i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka puna - hoʻomaka nā nila e loaʻa kahi hue hina-ʻeleʻele. A me ka lanakila ikaika, ku na laau me he mea la i wela i ke ahi.

I nā hōʻailona mua o ka maʻi, pono ʻoe e ʻoki i nā lālā i hoʻopilikia ʻia, e hōʻiliʻili i nā nila hāʻule mai ka lepo. A laila mālama i nā mea kanu me Topsin-M a i ʻole Rakurs (6).

Pests o ka strawberry yew

He kakaikahi loa na pests on yew, aka, hiki mai no ia, a he mea nui e ike ia lakou i ka hikiwawe no ka hoomaka ana i ka lapaau.

Yew pale wahaheʻe. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kēia pest ma nā ʻōpuʻu lahilahi a me ka ʻaoʻao ma lalo o nā nila - ua like nā ʻōpala me nā tubercles poepoe o ke kala melemele (wahine) a i ʻole keʻokeʻo (kāne), 2-4 mm ke anawaena. ʻAi lākou i ke kohu mea kanu. ʻO nā hōʻailona mua o ka maʻi - hoʻomaka nā nila e lilo i ʻeleʻele a ʻānai, a ʻeleʻele nā ​​nila ma nā lālā haʻahaʻa - hui pū kekahi maʻi lua ma ke ʻano o nā haʻiki soot.

He paʻakikī ke hakakā me nā poʻe mākua - ua uhi ʻia lākou me ka pūpū ikaika. Akā hiki ke hoʻopau maikaʻi i nā larvae hele, i ʻike nui ʻia i ka hapa mua o Iulai. I kēia manawa, pono e mālama ʻia nā mea kanu me Confidor Maxi a i ʻole Engio.

Yew waena. Hōʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona o ka pest ma ka piko o nā wana - ʻohi ʻia nā nila ma luna o lākou i loko o kahi pūpū, i loko e ʻike ʻia ai nā larva pest ʻulaʻula.

No ka hakakā ʻana i ka yew gall midge, hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Engio.

Spruce needleworm. ʻO nā mākua he mote liʻiliʻi o nā kala like ʻole. A he poino ole. Akā, ua hoʻopili nā ʻōpala silt i nā mea kanu coniferous, me ka yew. Noho lākou i loko o nā nila, e ʻai ana i nā mines. I ko lākou ulu ʻana, ulana lākou i kahi pūnaewele, e hōʻiliʻili i nā nila i loko o kahi pūʻolo.

No ka hakakā ʻana i ka pest, hoʻohana ʻia nā lāʻau ʻōnaehana - Calypso, Confidor a i ʻole Engio.

Nā nīnau a me nā pane kaulana

Ke hāpai nei ʻo Yew berry i nā nīnau he nui i waena o nā māla, ua kamaʻilio mākou i ka mea kaulana loa o lākou agronomist-breeder Svetlana Mikhailova.

Kumuwaiwai o

1. Buke Ulaula o ka Teritori Krasnodar (Nā mea kanu a me nā halo). Helu lua / Rev. ed. Litvinskaya SA // Krasnodar: Keena Hoʻolālā No. 1 LLC, 2007.
2. Buke ʻIke ʻulaʻula o ka Repubalika o North Ossetia-Alania. ʻO nā ʻano mea kanu a me nā holoholona / Ed. Nikolaeva I., Gamovoy N. // Vladikavkaz: Project-Press, 1999. - 248 p.
3. Buke Ulaula o ka Repubalika o Crimea. Nā mea kanu, nā algae a me nā haʻani / Ed. ed. dbs, prof. ʻO Yena AV a me Ph.D. Fateryga AV // Simferopol: LLC "IT "ARIAL", 2015. - 480 p.
4. Red Data Book of the Kaliningrad Region / Collective of authors, ed. ʻO Dedkova VP a me Grishanova GV // Kaliningrad: Hale Paʻi o ke Kulanui Moku'āina. I. Kant, 2010. - 333 p.
5. Magomedalieva VK, Omarova PK Nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻohālikelike o ke ola o nā ʻokiʻoki a me nā explants o ka yew berry in vitro // Bulletin of the Dagestan State University. Māhele 1: Nā ʻepekema Kūlohelohe, 2013, https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/sravnitelnaya-harakteristika-vyzhivaemosti-cherenkov-i-eksplantov-pobega-tisa-yagodnogo-in-vitro
6. ʻO ka papa inoa o nā pesticides a me nā agrochemical i ʻae ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma ka ʻāina o ka Federation ma Iulai 6, 2021 // Ministry of Agriculture of the Federation, https://mcx.gov.ru/ministry/departments/departament-rastenievodstva-mekhanizatsii- khimizatsii -i-zashchity-rasteniy/industry-information/info-gosudarstvennaya-usluga-po-gosudarstvennoy-registratsii-pestitsidov-i-agrokhimikatov/