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Hoʻomaka ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā metala i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā i ka wanaʻao o ka ulu ʻana o ke kanaka, a ʻo ke keleawe ka metala mua, no ka mea, loaʻa ia ma ke ʻano a hiki ke maʻalahi ke hana. ʻAʻole he mea kupanaha ka loaʻa ʻana o nā archaeologists i ka wā o ka ʻeli ʻana i nā huahana like ʻole a me nā lako hale i hana ʻia me kēia metala. I ke kaʻina o ka evolution, ua aʻo mālie nā kānaka e hoʻohui i nā metala like ʻole, e loaʻa ana i nā alloys lōʻihi i kūpono no ka hana ʻana i nā mea hana, a me nā mea kaua ma hope. I ko mākou manawa, hoʻomau nā hoʻokolohua, mahalo i hiki ke ʻike i nā metala paʻa loa i ka honua.
10 Titanium
Wehe ka Titanium i kā mākou helu helu - he metala paʻa ikaika i hoʻohuli koke i ka nānā. ʻO nā waiwai o ka titanium:
- ikaika kiko'ī kiʻekiʻe;
- kū'ē i nā wela kiʻekiʻe;
- haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa;
- pale ʻana i ka corrosion;
- kūʻē mechanical a me kemika.
Hoʻohana ʻia ka Titanium i ka ʻoihana koa, ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ka hana moku, a me nā wahi hana ʻē aʻe.
9. Uranium
ʻO ka mea kaulana loa, i manaʻo ʻia kekahi o nā metala ikaika loa o ka honua, a ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau he metala radioactive nāwaliwali. Ma ke ʻano, loaʻa ia ma kahi kūlana manuahi a ma nā pōhaku sedimentary acidic. He kaumaha loa, laha ʻia a puni ka honua a loaʻa iā ia nā waiwai paramagnetic, hiki ke maʻalahi, malleability, a me ka plasticity pili. Hoʻohana ʻia ka Uranium i nā wahi hana he nui.
8. ʻRamlelo Wolfram
ʻIke ʻia ʻo ia ka metala refractory loa o nā mea a pau e noho nei, a no nā metala ikaika loa o ka honua. He mea hoʻololi paʻa ia o kahi kala kala-hina ʻālohilohi. Loaʻa i ka lōʻihi kiʻekiʻe, ka infusibility maikaʻi loa, ke kū'ē i nā hopena kemika. Ma muli o kona mau waiwai, hiki ke kalai ʻia a huki ʻia i loko o kahi kaula lahilahi. ʻIke ʻia he filament tungsten.
7. ʻO Rhenium
Ma waena o nā ʻelele o kēia pūʻulu, ua manaʻo ʻia he metala hoʻololi o ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo. Loaʻa ia ma ke ʻano ma kona ʻano maʻemaʻe, akā loaʻa i loko o ka molybdenum a me nā mea keleawe. Hōʻike ia i ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe a me ka nui, a he refractoriness maikaʻi loa. Ua hoʻonui i ka ikaika, ʻaʻole i nalowale me ka hoʻololi pinepine ʻana i ka mahana. No nā metala pipiʻi ka Rhenium a he kumu kūʻai kiʻekiʻe kona. Hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻenehana hou a me ka uila.
6. ʻO Osmium
ʻO kahi metala keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ʻālohilohi me kahi ʻulaʻula iki, no ka hui platinum a manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā metala paʻa loa o ka honua. E like me ka iridium, he kiʻekiʻe ka atomic density, ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ka paʻakikī. No ka mea no ka osmium i nā metala platinum, loaʻa iā ia nā waiwai e like me ka iridium: refractoriness, hardness, brittleness, kū'ē i ke koʻikoʻi mechanical, a me ka mana o nā kaiapuni koʻikoʻi. Ua loaʻa i ka hoʻohana ākea i ka ʻokiʻoki, electron microscopy, ʻoihana kemika, ʻenehana rocket, nā lako uila.
5. ʻO Beryllium
No ka pūʻulu o nā metala, a he mea ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele me ka paʻakikī pili a me ka ʻawaʻawa kiʻekiʻe. Ma muli o kāna mau waiwai kūikawā, hoʻohana ʻia ka beryllium i nā ʻano ʻoihana like ʻole:
- mana nuklea;
- ʻenehana aerospace;
- ka mea hao hao;
- ʻenehana laser;
- ikehu nuklea.
Ma muli o kona paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, hoʻohana ʻia ka beryllium i ka hana ʻana i nā alloying alloying a me nā mea refractory.
4. ikona
ʻO Chromium ka mea aʻe i loko o ka ʻumi metala paʻa loa o ka honua - he metala keʻokeʻo polū-keʻokeʻo paʻakikī a kiʻekiʻe e kū nei i nā alkalis a me nā waikawa. Loaʻa ia ma ke ʻano ma kona ʻano maʻemaʻe a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā lālā like ʻole o ka ʻepekema, ʻenehana a me ka hana. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Chromium e hana i nā ʻāpana like ʻole i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā mea hana lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā mea hana kemika. I ka hui pū ʻana me ka hao, hana ia i kahi ferrochromium alloy, i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā mea ʻoki metala.
3. Kālā
Pono ʻo Tantalum i ke keleawe ma ke kūlana, ʻoiai ʻo ia kekahi o nā metala paʻa loa o ka honua. He metala kala me ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe a me ka nui o ka atomic. Ma muli o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni oxide ma luna o kona ʻili, loaʻa iā ia kahi tint alakaʻi.
ʻO nā ʻano ʻokoʻa o ka tantalum he ikaika kiʻekiʻe, refractoriness, kūʻē i ka corrosion a me ka media aggressive. ʻO ka metala he metala ductile kūpono a hiki ke maʻalahi i ka mīkini. I kēia lā ua hoʻohana maikaʻi ʻia ka tantalum:
- i ka ʻoihana kemika;
- i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā reactors nuklea;
- i ka hana metala;
- i ka hana ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui wela.
2. Ruthenium
ʻO ka laina ʻelua o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā metala paʻa loa o ka honua e noho ʻia e ka ruthenium - he metala kala no ka hui platinum. ʻO kona hiʻohiʻona ka hiki ʻana i ka haku o ka ʻiʻo ʻiʻo o nā mea ola. ʻO nā waiwai waiwai o ka ruthenium ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ka paʻakikī, ka refractoriness, ke kūpaʻa kemika, a me ka hiki ke hana i nā pūhui paʻakikī. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo Ruthenium he mea hoʻoikaika no ka nui o nā hopena kemika, hana ma ke ʻano he mea hana no ka hana ʻana i nā electrodes, contacts, a me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo koi.
1. ʻO Iridium
ʻO ka helu o nā metala paʻa loa o ka honua ke poʻo e ka iridium - he metala keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, paʻakikī a refractory no ka hui platinum. Ma ke ʻano, he mea kakaikahi ka mea ikaika kiʻekiʻe, a hui pinepine ʻia me ka osmium. Ma muli o kona paʻakikī maoli, paʻakikī i ka mīkini a kūpaʻa loa i nā kemika. Hoʻopili ʻo Iridium me ka paʻakikī nui i nā hopena o nā halogens a me ka sodium peroxide.
He mea koʻikoʻi kēia metala i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā. Hoʻohui ʻia ia i ka titanium, chromium a me ka tungsten e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūʻē ʻana i nā wahi acidic, hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā mea kākau, hoʻohana ʻia i nā mea nani e hana i nā mea nani. Ke kiʻekiʻe nei ke kumukūʻai o ka iridium ma muli o kona liʻiliʻi i ke ʻano.