Nawaliwali, ʻai ʻole, ʻaoʻao ʻeha: 7 mau hōʻailona o ka maʻi kanesa ʻike ʻole ʻia

Oncologist, hematologist, radiation therapist o ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa, kauka o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, polopeka, maikaʻi ke ola kino limahana o ka Russian Federation, ke poʻo o ka SM-Clinic Cancer Center Alexander Seryakov i haʻi aku i ka mea e pono ai ʻoe e ʻike e pili ana i ka maʻi maʻi ate i mea e ʻike ai a e hoola i ka manawa.

1. Hoʻomaopopo i nā ʻano o ka maʻi ʻaʻai ate

Hoʻokaʻawale ka poʻe oncologists ma waena o nā ʻano kumu mua a me nā ʻano lua o ka maʻi maʻi ate.

• ʻO ka maʻi kanalā mua - he neoplasm malignant e ulu ana mai nā hepatocytes (nā pūnaewele i 80% o ka nui o ke akepaʻa). ʻO ke ʻano maʻamau o ka maʻi maʻi maʻi mua ʻo ia ka hepatocellular carcinoma, ʻo ia ka helu ma kahi o 600 mau hihia i kēlā me kēia makahiki.

• Ka maʻi ʻaʻai ate lua - nā metastases o nā maʻi maʻi ʻino o nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe (ka ʻōpū, ka prostate, ka māmā, ka umauma a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) i ke ake. Loaʻa kēia ʻano o ka maʻi kanesa ma kahi o 20 mau manawa ʻoi aʻe ma mua o ka mea mua. 

2. E hoʻomaopopo i kāu mau mea pilikia

He mea nui ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā kumu pilikia i mea e ʻike mau ai i kāu kauka inā pono ʻoe. ʻO nā kumu e hoʻonui ai i ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi ate:

• ka ma'i me ka ma'i hepa B a me C;

• cirrhosis o ke akepaʻa;

• kekahi mau maʻi hoʻoilina o ka ate, e like me ka hemochromatosis (ka hao i ka hao me kona hōʻiliʻili ʻana i loko o nā kino a me nā ʻiʻo) a me ka maʻi o Wilson (ka hana ʻana o ka copper metabolism me kona hōʻiliʻili ʻana i loko o nā kino a me nā ʻiʻo);

• maʻi diabet;

• ka maʻi ʻaʻai momona ʻole;

• inu lama loa;

• nā maʻi parasitic o ke ake;

• hoʻohana lōʻihi i nā steroid anabolic. 

3. E makaʻala i nā hōʻailona

ʻAʻohe hōʻailona kikoʻī o ka hapa nui o nā kānaka i ka wā mua. Eia naʻe, i ka wā e ʻike ʻia ai lākou, pono e hoʻolohe i:

• ka pehu a i ʻole ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū;

• ʻeha ʻeha ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau;

• lilo o ka makemake ʻole;

• nā maʻi digestive;

• poho kaumaha no ke kumu ole;

• nausea a me ka luaʻi;

• nāwaliwali atypical, luhi, malaise ākea.

Me ka ma'i 'a'ai 'oi loa, ka jaundice, i 'ike 'ia e ka melemele o ka 'ili a me ke ke'oke'o o ka maka, a hui pu ka pehu ke'oke'o (chalky) i na hō'ailona.

4. Mai makaʻu e hele i ke kauka

lapaʻau '

Inā ʻike ʻoe iā ʻoe iho me ka maikaʻi ʻole, ka ʻike pono ʻana i kāu mau mea pilikia, a i ʻole ka ʻike ʻana i nā hōʻailona hopohopo, pono e ʻike koke i kahi oncologist. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hōʻike ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi ate mua ma kahi ala hoʻohui e komo pū ana:

• ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana (me ka palpation, hiki i kahi loea ke ʻike pinepine i kahi ate i hoʻonui ʻia);

• he ho'āʻo koko no ka oncommarker o ka maʻi maʻi ate mua AFP (alpha-fetoprotein);

• hōʻike ultrasound (ultrasound);

• helu helu helu (CT a i ʻole PET/CT);

• kiʻi resonance ʻume mākenēki (MRI);

• puncture (percutaneous) biopsy ma hope o ka histological examination.

lapaʻau

Ma muli o ka wā i ʻike ʻia ai ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻana, pono paha nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā ʻokiʻoki.

• ʻO ka wehe ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai a i ʻole metastases i ka maʻi maʻi maʻi lua ka mea nui e mālama ai.

• Hiki ke hoʻohana hou ʻia ka lāʻau Chemo- (me ka mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia).

• ʻO Chemoembolization o ke ake (blockage o nā kīʻaha koko e hānai ana i ka ʻōpū) a me ka cryodestruction (ka luku ʻana i nā metastases me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mahana haʻahaʻa), radiofrequency a me ka microwave ablation, radionuclide therapy nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe i hoʻohana ʻia i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi kanesa.

He mea nui ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka mālama ʻia ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi ate, ka mea mua a me ka lua. ʻO ka mea nui, ʻo ia ka hoʻolohe ʻana i nā kelepona alarm a hele koke i ka hoʻokipa.