Contents
Halo keʻokeʻo (Boletus edulis)
- Māhele: Basidiomycota (Basidiomycetes)
- Māhele: Agaricomycotina (Agaricomycetes)
- Papa: Agaricomycetes (Agaricomycetes)
- Papa haʻahaʻa: Agaricomycetidae (Agaricomycetes)
- Kauoha: Boletales (Boletales)
- ʻOhana: Boletaceae (Boletaceae)
- ʻAno: Boletus
- Type: Boletus edulis (Cep)
Porcini (ʻO ka t. ʻO Boletus edulis) he haloʻo mai ka genus boletus.
Pāpale:
ʻO ke kala o ka pāpale o ka porcini mushroom, e pili ana i nā kūlana ulu, ʻokoʻa mai ke keʻokeʻo a i ka ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele, i kekahi manawa (ʻoi loa i nā ʻano pine a me nā spruce) me kahi ʻulaʻula. ʻO ke ʻano o ka pāpale he hemispherical mua, ʻano cushion ma hope, convex, ʻiʻo loa, a hiki i 25 cm ke anawaena. He laumania ka ʻili o ka pāpale, he velvety iki. ʻO ka pulp he keʻokeʻo, paʻa, mānoanoa, ʻaʻole e loli ke kala i ka wā e haki ai, ʻaʻohe ʻala, me kahi ʻono nutty ʻoluʻolu.
Wāwae:
He wāwae nui ka porcini, a hiki i 20 cm ke kiʻekiʻe, a hiki i 5 cm mānoanoa, paʻa, cylindrical, ākea ma ke kumu, keʻokeʻo a ʻulaʻula paha, me kahi hiʻohiʻona māmā ma ka ʻaoʻao o luna. E like me ke kānāwai, aia kahi hapa nui o ka wāwae ma lalo o ka lepo, i loko o ka pā.
ʻĀpana spore:
ʻO ka mua keʻokeʻo, a laila huli ka melemele a me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo. He liʻiliʻi nā pores, poepoe.
ʻO ka pauka Spore:
ʻOliva palaka.
Ke ulu nei nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole o nā haʻupaʻa keʻokeʻo i nā ululāʻau deciduous, coniferous a hui pū ʻia mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kauwela a hiki i ʻOkakopa (intermittently), e hana ana i ka mycorrhiza me nā ʻano lāʻau like ʻole. ʻO nā hua i kapa ʻia ʻo "nā nalu" (i ka hoʻomaka o Iune, waena o Iulai, ʻAukake, etc.). ʻO ka nalu mua, ma ke ʻano he lula, ʻaʻole i nui loa, ʻoiai ʻo kekahi o nā nalu e hiki mai ana he ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka haʻu ʻāʻī (Tylopilus felleus)
i ka wā ʻōpiopio, ua like ia me kahi halo keʻokeʻo (ma hope e like me ka boletus (Leccinum scabrum)). He ʻokoʻa ia i ka ʻawaʻawa keʻokeʻo ma mua o ka ʻawaʻawa, ka mea i hiki ʻole ke ʻai ʻia kēia ʻala, a me ka ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula o ka papa tubular, e huli ana i ka ʻulaʻula (akā, i kekahi manawa nāwaliwali loa) i ka haki ʻana me ka ʻiʻo a me kahi hiʻohiʻona ʻeleʻele. ma ka wāwae. Hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia he maʻemaʻe ʻole ka pulp o ka haʻupuʻu gall a ʻaʻole i hoʻopā ʻia e nā ilo, ʻoiai i ka haʻiki porcini ʻike ʻoe ...
Laau ʻoka maʻamau (Suillellus luridus)
a me Boletus eruthropus – nā lāʻau ʻoka maʻamau, huikau pū me ka haʻi keʻokeʻo. Eia nō naʻe, pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ʻaʻole e loli ke kala o ka pulp o ka porcini mushroom, e waiho mau ana i ke keʻokeʻo i loko o ka sopa, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia e pili ana i nā ʻoka uliuli ikaika.
Ma ka pololei, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka maikaʻi o nā halo. Hoʻohana ʻia ma kekahi ʻano.
ʻAʻole maikaʻi ka mahiʻai ʻana o ka haʻiki keʻokeʻo, no laila ua hānai ʻia e nā mea ulu ulu ulu.
No ka mahiʻai, pono mua ia e hana i nā kūlana no ka hoʻokumu ʻana o mycorrhiza. Hoʻohana ʻia nā pā hale, kahi i kanu ʻia ai nā lāʻau deciduous a me nā coniferous, nā ʻano o ka noho ʻana o ka haʻiki, a i ʻole nā wahi ulu lāʻau maoli. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ulu lāʻau ʻōpio a me nā mea kanu (i ka makahiki 5-10 mau makahiki) o ka birch, oak, pine a spruce.
I ka hopena o ke kenekulia 6 - ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 8. i ko mākou ʻāina, he mea maʻamau kēia ʻano: mālama ʻia nā halo overripe ma kahi o hoʻokahi lā i loko o ka wai a hui pū ʻia, a laila kānana ʻia a no laila ua loaʻa kahi hoʻokuʻu o nā spores. Hoʻohāinu ʻo ia i nā ʻāina ma lalo o nā kumulāʻau. I kēia manawa, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka mycelium i ulu ʻia no ka lūlū ʻana, akā lawe ʻia nā mea kūlohelohe. Hiki iā ʻoe ke lawe i kahi papa tubular o nā halo makua (i ka makahiki o 20-30 mau lā), i maloʻo iki a lūlū ʻia ma lalo o ka lepo lepo i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi. Ma hope o ka lūlū ʻana, hiki ke ʻohi ʻia nā spores i ka makahiki ʻelua a ʻekolu paha. I kekahi manawa, hoʻohana ʻia ka lepo me ka mycelium i lawe ʻia i loko o ka ulu lāʻau e like me nā mea kanu: kahi ʻāpana ʻāpana 10-15 cm ka nui a ʻokiʻoki ʻia ka hohonu o 1-2 cm a puni ka halo keʻokeʻo i loaʻa me kahi pahi ʻoi. ʻO ka manure lio a me kahi hoʻohui liʻiliʻi o ka lāʻau ʻoka pala, i ka wā o ka compost, hoʻoinu ʻia me kahi hopena 3% o ka ammonium nitrate. A laila, i loko o kahi malu, hoʻoneʻe ʻia kahi papa o ka lepo a waiho ʻia ka humus i 5-7 papa, e ninini ana i nā papa me ka honua. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka Mycelium ma ka moena hopena a hiki i ka hohonu o XNUMX-XNUMX kenimika, hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka moena a uhi ʻia me kahi papa o nā lau.
ʻO ka hua o ka haʻiki keʻokeʻo hiki i 64-260 kg / ha i kēlā me kēia kau.