ʻO ka iʻa Beluga: hiʻohiʻona, ke kaumaha, kahi noho, ke kūlana mālama

ʻO Beluga ka iʻa nui loa i loaʻa i nā wai o ko kākou honua. Wahi a ka ʻikepili maʻamau, hiki i kona lōʻihi ke piʻi i 4,5 mika a ke kaumaha a hiki i 1500 kilograms. ʻOiai, aia nā mea hōʻike ua hopu lākou i ka beluga 2 mau manawa nui. I kēlā me kēia hihia, hōʻike kēia ʻike ʻo ka beluga ka mea nui loa o ka ʻohana sturgeon.

I ko mākou manawa, ʻo ia mau ana kekahi mea mai ke aupuni o ka noʻonoʻo. Ma keʻano he kūlana, hiki i nā kānaka ke kaumaha ma mua o 300 kilokani, e hōʻike ana i kekahi mau pilikia e pili ana i ke ola o kēia nunui o nā muliwai a me nā kai.

ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana o ka Beluga

Kūā

ʻAʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 100 mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua loaʻa kēia pilikua i nā kīʻaha o ke kai Caspian, Black, Azov a me Adriatic. I kēia mau lā, hiki ke loaʻa wale ma ke kai ʻEleʻele, a i ʻole ma ka muliwai Danube, a me ke kai Caspian Sea, aia wale nō ma nā Urals. I loko o ke kīʻaha o ke Kai o uXNUMXbuXNUMXbAzov, a ʻoi aku ka pololei ma ka muliwai Volga, ʻike ʻia kekahi o nā subspecies o ka beluga, ʻo ka helu o ia mea i mālama ʻia.

No ka mea he nui nā ʻāina i hana i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā iʻa, ʻaʻole i emi iho ka heluna beluga ma nā kino wai o Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Serbia a me Turkey. A ʻo kēia ma muli o ke ʻano o nā hana e hoʻihoʻi i ka helu o kēia iʻa e noho i kahi kūikawā i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ia mau pilikia. Ma ka pae moku'āina wale nō e hiki ai ke hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia paʻakikī.

Keʻano

Hoʻomanaʻo ke ʻano o ka beluga i kona ʻano like me nā ʻano iʻa sturgeon. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona ʻokoʻa he:

• Nui ka waha.
• ʻAʻole ihu puʻupuʻu nui.
• ʻO ka spike mua, aia ma ke kua, he liʻiliʻi.
• Aia ma waena o nā gills he membrane e hoʻopili ai iā lākou.

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo Beluga e kahi kino ākea a kaumaha o kahi ʻano pōʻai, i pena ʻia i kahi hue hina hina. He keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ka ʻōpū, i kekahi manawa me ka ʻulaʻula melemele. Ma ke kino nui he poʻo nui. Ua like nā ʻumiʻumi ma lalo o ka ihu me he lau lā i ka hui ʻana.

Hoʻopili ʻo Beluga i kekahi manawa me kona ʻohana, e like me sterlet, spike, sturgeon Lūkini. ʻO ka hopena, loaʻa nā hybrids i waho i kekahi mau ʻokoʻa e pili ana i ke ʻano o ke kino, gills a i ʻole kala. ʻOiai kēia, ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa nā hybrids i kā lākou ʻano mai ko lākou ʻohana.

Nā hana

ʻO Beluga kahi iʻa i loaʻa kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa i waena o nā ʻelele o kēia ʻano. ʻElua ʻano ʻokoʻa i ka manawa o ka neʻe ʻana o ka spawning a me ka lōʻihi o ka noho ʻana i ka wai hou. I ke kai, makemake ka beluga e alakaʻi i kahi noho mehameha, a i loko o ka muliwai, hōʻuluʻulu ʻo ia i nā ʻohana he nui. ʻO ia ke kumu o kona hele ʻana i nā kahawai no ka hoʻohua ʻana, a ma ke kai wale nō ʻo ia e hānai ai a ulu.

ʻai

He iʻa predatory ʻo Beluga a hoʻomaka ʻo ia e alakaʻi i kēia ala o ke ola i ke kakahiaka nui. Aia ka i'a e like me ka herring, carp, zander a me gobies. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole makemake ka beluga i ka ʻai ʻana i kona ʻohana inā he liʻiliʻi a kānalua i kahi.

Ma waho aʻe o ka iʻa, hiki iā ia ke ale i nā mollusks, nā manu wai a me nā sila pēpē inā hiki ʻo ia i ka nui kūpono. Ua hiki mai ka poʻe akamai i ka hopena e pili ana ka neʻe ʻana o ka beluga me ka neʻe ʻana o kāna lako meaʻai.

ʻOhana

Hoʻomaka kekahi o nā ʻano subspecies ma mua o kekahi. Kūlike kona wā hoʻohua me ka kiʻekiʻe o ka wai punawai ma nā muliwai. I ka manawa like, hiki ke piʻi ka mahana o ka wai + 8- + 17 degere. ʻO kekahi subspecies e hele mai no ka hoʻoulu ʻana mai ke kai ma kahi o ka mahina ʻo ʻAukake. Ma hope o kēlā, moe ka poʻe i loko o nā lua hohonu, a hoʻomaka e hoʻohua i ka puna. Hoʻomaka ʻo Beluga e hoʻomaka i ka makahiki 15-17 mau makahiki, ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kaumaha ma kahi o 50 kg.

Kūleʻa ʻo Beluga ma kahi hohonu o 10 mau mika. I ka manawa like, koho ʻo ia i nā wahi me kahi lalo pōhaku paʻa a me ke au wikiwiki, kahi e hāʻawi ai i kahi kahua spawning me ka oxygen.

Komo nā iʻa i loko o nā kahawai no ka hoʻohua ʻana, no laila ua kapa ʻia lākou he migratory. Aia i loko o ka wai maʻemaʻe, hoʻomau ʻo ia i ka hānai ʻana. Ma hope o ka hoʻohua ʻana, i ka wā e puka mai ai ka palai mai nā hua, hoʻi ʻo ia i ke kai me lākou. Hele mai ʻo Beluga i hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia 2-3 mau makahiki. I ka manawa like, aia kekahi ʻano e noho mau ana i nā muliwai a ʻaʻole e neʻe i kahi mamao.

Ka lawaia kalepa

ʻO ka mea hou aku nei, ʻo ka beluga ka mea hoihoi i ka ʻoihana a ua hopu ʻia i ka wikiwiki. Ma muli o kēia, ua kokoke e pau kekahi ʻano iʻa like.

No ka nalo loa ʻana o kēia iʻa, ua kaupalena ʻia kāna iʻa ma nā ʻāina āpau o ka honua. I kekahi mau ʻāina, pāpā ʻia ka hopu ʻana. Ua helu ʻia ʻo Beluga ma ka Buke ʻulaʻula ma ke ʻano he ʻano e kokoke ana e pau. I kekahi mau ʻāina, ʻae ʻia e hopu iā ia ma lalo o kahi laikini kūikawā a no ke kumu o ka noiʻi ʻepekema. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia kēia iʻa me ka ʻupena paʻa a i ʻole ka ʻupena.

ʻO ka caviar Beluga

ʻO Beluga ʻeleʻele caviar ka meaʻai meaʻai nui loa i kēia lā. Hiki i kona kumukūʻai ke hiki i nā tausani euros no ka kilo. ʻO ka caviar i loaʻa ma nā mākeke he hoʻopunipuni a i ʻole i loaʻa i ke kānāwai.

ʻO nā ʻoiaʻiʻo Beluga hoihoi

1. Hiki iā Beluga ke ola no nā makahiki he 100, ʻo ia ke kumu i manaʻo ʻia ai kekahi o nā iʻa lōʻihi loa o ka honua.
2. ʻAʻole mālama nā mākua i kā lākou mau keiki. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole lākou manaʻo i ka ʻai ʻana i ko lākou ʻohana.
3. Ke hoʻohua ka beluga, lele ʻo ia i luna mai ka wai. A hiki i kēia manawa, he mea pohihihi kēia.
4. ʻO ka beluga, e like me ka manō, ʻaʻohe iwi, a ʻo kona iwi he cartilage, a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī a ikaika hoʻi i nā makahiki.
5. Hiki i ka wahine ke loaʻa i ka caviar he nui. No laila, hiki i ke kanaka ma kahi o 1200 kg ke loaʻa iā 150 kg o ka caviar.
6. Aia i loko o ke kahawai ʻo Amur kahi ʻano kokoke - kaluga, hiki ke piʻi i kahi lōʻihi ma kahi o 5 mau mika a ke kaumaha a hiki i 1000 kg. ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e nā ʻepekema e hele i Kaluga a me Beluga i pau ʻole.

E nānā i nā pilikia mālama

Wahi a nā kānaka ʻepekema, ua emi ka heluna kanaka beluga ma 90% i nā makahiki he 50 i hala. No laila, ma muli o ia mau hopena noiʻi, hiki iā mākou ke manaʻo ʻaʻole kēia he hopena hōʻoluʻolu. Ma hope o ka waena o ke kenekulia hope, ma kahi o 25 tausani mau kānaka i komo i ka Volga no ka spawning, a i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kēia kenekulia ua hoʻemi ʻia kēia helu i 3 tausani.

Eia kekahi, ke hana nei kēia mau kaʻina hana a pau ma muli o ke ʻano o nā hoʻoikaika nui a ke kanaka e hana nei i mea e mālama ai i ka heluna kanaka o nā ʻano i ka liʻiliʻi ma ka pae like. ʻO nā kumu nui o ka emi ʻana o nā helu penei:

1. Ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o nā hale mana wai. ʻAʻole ʻae ka iʻa e piʻi aʻe i ko lākou kahua hoʻohua maoli. ʻO ia mau hale e ʻoki loa i nā ala o ka neʻe ʻana o ka beluga ma nā kahawai o Austria, Croatia, Hungary a me Slovakia.
2. nā hana a nā poʻe ʻaihue. ʻO nā kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe kūpono no ka ʻiʻo o kēia iʻa a me kāna caviar he mea hoihoi ia i ka poʻe i maʻa i ka loaʻa kālā ma ke kānāwai. Ma muli o ka hopu ʻana i ka poʻe nui loa i hiki ke hoʻohua i nā hua he nui, nui loa ka pōʻino. Ma muli o ia mau hana, ua nalowale loa ka heluna Adriatic.
3. Kuʻi ʻana i ke kaiaola. No ka mea hiki i ka beluga ke ola no ka manawa lōʻihi, i kēia manawa e hōʻiliʻili nā mea ʻino i loko o kona kino e komo i ka wai ma muli o nā hana kanaka, e like me nā pesticides. Pili kēia ʻano kemika i nā hana hānau o ka iʻa.

Manaʻolana wale nō e hiki i nā kānaka ke mālama i kēia ʻano iʻa nui no kā lākou mau mamo.