Ka mālama ʻana i nā strawberries i ka hāʻule

ʻO ka mālama ʻana i nā strawberries (nā strawberries māla) no nā kamaʻāina o ke kauwela e hele mai i ka hana puna - hoʻomaʻemaʻe lākou mai nā lau kahiko, hoʻoinu iā ia, hānai iā ia, a laila ʻohi a ... poina i ka mahiko a hiki i ka pūnāwai e hiki mai ana. Mālama nā māla kiʻekiʻe i nā mea kanu i ke kauwela - hoʻoinu hou lākou, ʻoki kekahi i nā lau, a ʻo ia nō. He ino anei! I ka hāʻule, pono pū nā strawberries i ka nānā pono.

ʻO ka hana nui o ka hana hoʻoilo ʻo ia ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā strawberries me nā kūlana no ka hoʻoilo maikaʻi. Akā ma ʻaneʻi he mea nui ʻaʻole e hoʻonui, no ka mea, hiki i ka mālama nui ke pāʻani i kahi ʻakaʻaka ʻino.

ʻO ka hānai ʻana i nā strawberry i ka hāʻule

I ka hāʻule, hoʻohana maʻamau ka phosphorus a me ka potash fertilizers i ka māla a me ka māla, a ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa nā strawberries. Eia naʻe, ua hōʻike nā hoʻokolohua he hopena maikaʻi ʻole ka potassium i ka maikaʻi o nā hua: lilo lākou i wai, ʻawaʻawa a ʻono ʻole paha. Akā ʻo ka phosphorus, ma kahi ʻē aʻe, hoʻolilo iā lākou i mea momona a ʻono. No laila, hāʻawi mau ʻia ka phosphorus, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka potassium. Eia kekahi, pili ka nui o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka hāʻule (no ka 1 sq. m.) i ka makahiki o ke kanu ʻana (1)(2).

Ma mua o ka pae ʻana (i ka waena o ʻAukake) e hana:

• humus a compost paha - 4 kg (1/2 bākeke);
• pōhaku phosphate - 100 g (4 punetēpē) a i ʻole superphosphate pālua - 60 g (4 punetēpē);
• potassium sulfate - 50 g (2,5 punetune).

Pono e hoʻopuehu ʻia kēia mau mea kanu a pau ma luna o ka pūnaewele a ʻeli ʻia ma luna o kahi bayonet shovel.

Ma hope o ka hoʻopiha ʻana i ka pūnaewele no ka makahiki 2 a me 3, ʻaʻole pono e hoʻopili i nā mea kanu - ʻaʻole i ka hāʻule, ʻaʻole i ka pūnāwai, ʻaʻole i ke kauwela.

No ka makahiki 3 (waena o ʻOkakopa) no nā strawberries, pono ʻoe e hoʻohui:

• humus a compost paha - 2 kg (1/4 bākeke);
• ʻelua superphosphate - 100 g (1/2 kīʻaha);
• potassium sulfate - 20 g (1 punetune).

No ka makahiki 4 (waena o ʻOkakopa):

• ʻelua superphosphate - 100 g (1/2 kīʻaha);
• potassium sulfate - 12 g (2 teaspoons).

I nā hihia ʻelua hope loa, pono e hoʻopuehu ʻia nā mea kanu ma waena o nā lālani a hoʻokomo ʻia i ka lepo me kahi rake.

I ka makahiki 5 o ke ola, hāʻule nui ka hua o nā strawberries, no laila ʻaʻohe kumu o ka ulu ʻana - pono ʻoe e kau i kahi kanu hou.

ʻOki ʻana i nā strawberry i ka hāʻule

Nui nā poʻe noho kauwela e ʻoki i nā lau strawberry. Hana ʻia kēia i ka hoʻomaka o ʻAukake. A makehewa loa.

ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo ka ulu ʻana o nā strawberries i ʻekolu manawa i kēlā me kēia kau (1):

• i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pūnāwai, ke piʻi ka mahana o ka ea i 5 - 7 ° C - ola kēia mau lau no 30 - 70 mau lā, a laila make lākou;
• i ke kauwela, ma hope koke o ka ʻohi ʻana - ola lākou i 30 - 70 mau lā a make;
• i ka hāʻule, mai ka hopena o Kepakemapa a i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ʻOkakopa - hele kēia mau lau ma mua o ka hoʻoilo.

No laila, hoʻokumu nā lau puna a me ke kauwela i kahi papa maikaʻi o ka mulch maoli ma ka hāʻule ʻana, kahi e pale ai i nā aʻa mai ka maloʻo inā he anu ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoilo akā ʻaʻole hau. Inā ʻoki ʻoe iā lākou i ʻAukake, ʻaʻohe pale i koe a make nā mea kanu.

No ke kumu like, ʻaʻole ʻōlelo ʻia e ʻohi i nā lau maloʻo mai ka mea kanu i ka hāʻule - pono lākou e noho a hiki i ka pūnāwai. Akā i ka pūnāwai, i ka wā e ulu ai ka hau, pono lākou e hoʻoneʻe ʻia, no ka mea he ʻāina hānai lākou no nā maʻi. Eia naʻe, hiki iā ʻoe, ʻoiaʻiʻo, e wehe i nā lau a me nā mea kanu strawberry mulch me 10 cm o ka peat, akā he mau koina hou kēia o ka hana, ka manawa a me ke kālā.

Akā ʻo ka mea e pono ai ke hana i ka hāʻule ʻana ʻo ka ʻoki ʻana i kou ʻumi inā ʻaʻole ʻoe i hana i ke kauwela. No ka mea, ua hōʻike ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa e hoʻopau nui lākou i ka mea kanu makuahine, hoʻemi i ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻoilo a me ka hua (1).

Ka hana ʻana i nā strawberries i ka hāʻule ʻana mai nā maʻi a me nā pōpoki

Mai nā maʻi. Hana ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau āpau no nā maʻi ma hope o ka pua ʻana (3). ʻO ia hoʻi, pono e hana ʻia nā strawberries maʻamau i ke ʻano maikaʻi i ke kauwela. Akā hoʻohua nā strawberries remontant a hiki i ka hopena o ka hāʻule, a no laila ua neʻe ka hakakā ʻana i nā maʻi i ʻOkakopa. I kēia manawa, pono e disinfected ka mea kanu me ka wai Bordeaux (1%) - 1 lita no 1 sq. m (4). Eia naʻe, inā ʻaʻohe mea i hana ʻia me nā strawberries maʻamau, hiki iā ʻoe ke kāpīpī pū kekahi.

Pono e hana ʻia ka lua o ka mālama ʻana i ka pūnāwai, ma mua o ka pua ʻana - pū kekahi me ka wai Bordeaux me ka helu hoʻohana like.

Mai nā pests. ʻAʻole kūpono ka hakakā ʻana i nā pōpoki i ka hāʻule me ke kōkua o nā kemika - ua hūnā lākou i ka lepo no ka hoʻoilo. Pono e hana ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau a pau i ka wā ulu.

ʻO ka ʻeli ʻana i ka lālani i ka hohonu o 15 knm hiki ke hōʻemi i ka nui o nā pests - inā ʻaʻole i haki nā clods, loaʻa nā ʻōpala a me nā larvae i loko o lākou a maloʻo i ka hoʻoilo. Akā, eia kekahi pilikia hou - ʻaʻole e pale ʻia ma ke ʻano o ka mulch ma ka mahiko i ʻeli ʻia, ʻaʻole wale nā ​​​​insects, akā ʻo nā strawberry pū kekahi e make i ka hoʻoilo hau ʻole. A inā mulched ka pūnaewele, a laila e hoʻopau nā pests me ka pilikia ʻole.

Hoʻomākaukau Strawberry no ka hoʻoilo

No kekahi kumu, loaʻa i ka poʻe noho kauwela ka manaʻo he paʻakikī loa nā strawberries, akā he moʻolelo kēia. Make kona mau aʻa me ka hoʻemi pōkole (!) i ka mahana o ka lepo i -8 ° С (1) (5). A ʻo nā lau hoʻoilo a me nā kiwi (nā ulu pōkole o kēia makahiki, kahi i waiho ʻia ai nā pua pua) ua pōʻino loa i ka mahana o -10 ° C, a ma -15 ° C make lākou (1).

Pīhoihoi? Mai manaʻoʻiʻo? E haʻi mai iaʻu, he mea lapuwale kēia mau mea, no ka mea, ulu nā strawberries ma ka ʻĀkau a me Siberia!? ʻAe, ke ulu nei. Maopopo iā ʻoe ke kumu? Nui ka hau ma laila. A ʻo ia ka pale maikaʻi loa mai ke anu. I loko o nā hau hau 20 knm ke kiʻekiʻe, hiki i kēia hua ke kū i ka hau a hiki i -30 - 35 ° C (1).

No laila,ʻo ka mea nui e pono e hanaʻia i ka hāʻuleʻana,ʻo ia ka mālamaʻana i ka hau. ʻO ke ala maʻalahi ka hoʻolei ʻana i ka brushwood ma ka mahiko. ʻAʻole ia i keke a ʻae ʻole i ka makani e kahili i ka hau mai ka pūnaewele.

ʻO kahi koho maikaʻi ʻē aʻe e uhi i nā moena me nā lālā spruce a pine paha (5). He papa mānoanoa paha. Mālama lākou iā lākou iho i ka hau, no ka mea, aia kahi papa o ka ea ma lalo o lākou, kahi e pale ai i ka lepo mai ka maloʻo nui. Eia kekahi, maikaʻi loa lākou i ka mālama ʻana i ka hau. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole make nā mea kanu ma lalo o lākou. Akā ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka loaʻa ʻana iā lākou.

I kekahi manawa ua ʻōlelo ʻia e mulch strawberries me nā lau maloʻo, akā he koho weliweli kēia. ʻAe, e pale lākou i ka mahiʻai mai ke anuanu, akā i ka pūnāwai hiki iā lākou ke lilo i pilikia - inā ʻaʻole i wehe ʻia i ka manawa, i ka wā e hoʻoheheʻe ai ka hau, hiki i nā mea kanu ke maloʻo a make. Maikaʻi ka mulch me nā lau inā noho ʻoe i ka hale ʻāina - hiki iā ʻoe ke hopu i ka manawa kūpono, akā no nā poʻe noho kauwela hopena pule, ʻoi aku ka nui inā wehe lākou i ke kau ma ʻApelila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ʻaʻole e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i kēia ʻano hana - hiki ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa i loko. Malaki a ma ka waena o ka pule, a hiki ke hoʻopilikia nui ʻia nā strawberries i loko o 2 a 3 mau lā.

Nā nīnau a me nā pane kaulana

Ua kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka mālama strawberry autumn me agronomist-breeder Svetlana Mikhailova.

Kumuwaiwai o

1. Burmistrov AD Berry crops // Leningrad, hale paʻi "Kolos", 1972 - 384 p.
2. Rubin SS Fertilizer o nā hua a me nā hua hua // M., "Kolos", 1974 - 224 p.
3. Grebenshchikov SK Reference manual no ka mālama ʻana i nā mea kanu no nā māla a me nā māla (2nd edition, revised and additional) / M .: Rosagropromizdat, 1991 – 208 p.
4. ʻO ka papa inoa o ka mokuʻāina o nā pesticides a me nā agrochemical i ʻae ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma ka ʻāina o ka Federation mai Iulai 6, 2021 // Ministry of Agriculture of the Federation https://mcx.gov.ru/ministry/departments/departament-rastenievodstva-mekhanizatsii-khimizatsii - i-zashchity-rasteniy/ʻike-ʻoihana/info-gosudarstvennaya-usluga-po-gosudarstvennoy-registratsii-pestitsidov-i-agrokhimikatov/
5. Korovin AI, Korovina ON Weather, māla a me ka māla o kahi amateur // L .: Gidrometeoizdat, 1990 - 232 p.