No ka make ʻana i nā ʻōpū ʻōpū, pono ʻo E. coli i kahi kō kūikawā i hiki ʻole i ke kanaka ke synthesize iā ia iho. Komo wale i loko o ke kino me ka ʻiʻo a me ka waiū. No laila no ka poʻe e hana me ka ʻole o kēia mau huahana, ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli ʻia nā maʻi ʻōpū - ma ka liʻiliʻi loa nā mea i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka subtype bacterium Shiga.
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina hou i ka hana ʻole ʻana o nā mea ʻai meaʻai i kā lākou hana: ma ka hōʻole ʻana i ka ʻiʻo a me nā huahana waiu, hoʻemi lākou i ka hiki ke loaʻa i nā toxins E. coli o ka subtype Shiga, e hoʻoulu ai i ka maʻi maʻi koko a me nā maʻi weliweli ʻē aʻe, i ka aneane ʻole.
E pili ana i nā molekole kō liʻiliʻi: ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ka pahuhopu o ka mea ʻawaʻawa o kēia hua bacteria ʻo N-glycolneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), aia ma ka ʻili o kā mākou mau cell. Akā i loko o ke kino kanaka, ʻaʻole synthesized kēia kōpaʻa hōʻailona. ʻO ka hopena, pono ka bacteria e "kali" i ka molekala Neu5Gc e komo i ka ʻāpana digestive mai ka ʻiʻo a i ʻole ka waiū a hoʻohui ʻia i loko o ka membrane o nā cell e hoʻopaʻa ana i nā ʻōpū. Ma laila wale nō e hoʻomaka ai ka hana ʻino.
Ua hōʻike ka poʻe ʻepekema i kēia me nā laina kelepona in vitro (in vitro), a ua hoʻomohala i kahi laina kūikawā o nā ʻiole. I nāʻiole maʻamau, ua hoʻohui ʻia ʻo Neu5Gc mai ka haʻahaʻa i loko o nā cell, no laila e hoʻohana maʻalahi ʻo E. coli i kēia. E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia, inā ʻoe e hoʻohuli i ka artificial - e like me ka ʻōlelo a ka poʻe ʻepekema, "kikeke" i ka gene e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke synthesize Neu5Gc, a laila ʻaʻohe hopena o nā lāʻau Shiga iā lākou.
ʻO ka mea huna o ka "wahine Sepania"
Ua wehe ka poʻe ʻepekema i ka mea huna o ka make mua ʻole mai ka "flu Spanish". He ʻumi miliona o ka poʻe i make i ka makahiki 1918 ma muli o ʻelua mau hoʻololi ʻana i hiki ai i kahi maʻi maʻi hou ke hoʻopaʻa paʻa i nā kō.
Hoʻopaʻa pū nā maʻi maʻi influenza i nā kō ma ka ʻili o nā cell, nakinaki nā virions HIV i nā molekala CD4 hōʻailona o ka membrane o T-helper immune cell, a ʻike ka plasmodium malarial i nā erythrocytes e nā koena neuraminic acid like.
ʻAʻole ʻike wale ka poʻe ʻepekema i kēia mau ʻoiaʻiʻo, hiki iā lākou ke wehewehe i nā pae āpau o ka hopena o ka hoʻopili ʻana a me ke komo ʻana o kahi mea maʻi infectious, a i ʻole kona toxin, i loko o kahi keena. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki i kēia ʻike ke alakaʻi i ka hana ʻana i nā lāʻau ikaika. ʻO ka mea ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā molekala like ʻole e nā cell o ko mākou kino e kamaʻilio pū kekahi me kekahi, a ʻo kēlā me kēia hopena i kuhikuhi ʻia iā lākou e hoʻopilikia ʻole i ke ola o ka pathogen, akā i ka hana o ko mākou kino.
Hana ke kino o ke kanaka me ka Neu5Gc, a i mea e pale aku ai i ka ma'i mea'ai weliweli, ua lawa ia e pale aku i keia mole mai ke komo ana i ke kino - oia hoi, mai ai i ka io a me ka waiu. ʻOiaʻiʻo, hiki iā ʻoe ke hilinaʻi i ka ʻai ʻana i ka ʻiʻo a me ka sterilization o ka waiū, akā ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o kēia mau huahana.
No ka pālākiō "Nobel", ʻaʻole lawa kēia hana koe wale nō ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e hoʻopili iā E. coli, no ka mea, ma kēia hihia, hiki i nā mea kākau o kēia haʻawina ke hoʻokūkū kaulana me nā mea ʻike o Helicobacter pylori, ka mea e hoʻopiʻi ai i ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā makahiki 1980, i mea e hōʻoia ai iā ia iho i ka honua lapaʻau conservative, ua hoʻopili ʻia kekahi o lākou iā ia iho me nā "ulcer agents." A he 20 makahiki ma hope mai ua loaʻa iā ia ka makana Nobel.