ʻO ka huaʻōlelo "phobia" e pili ana i kahi ākea o nā maʻi noʻonoʻo, e like me agoraphobia, claustrophobia, social phobia, etc. phobia hoakakaia e ka makaʻu noʻonoʻo an kūlana kūikawā, e like me ka makaʻu i ka lawe ʻana i ka elevator, a i ʻole a mea kikoʻī, e like me ka makaʻu i nā spiders. Akā ʻoi aku ka phobia ma mua o ka makaʻu maʻalahi: he mea maoli ka eha e paʻa ana i ka poʻe e kū nei me ia. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kanaka phobic ʻike o kona makau. No laila, ho'āʻo ʻo ia e pale, ma nā ʻano a pau, i ke kūlana weliweli a i ʻole ka mea.

I kēlā me kēia lā, hiki i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka phobia ke hōʻeha a emi ʻole paha. Inā he ophidiophobia, ʻo ia hoʻi he phobia o nā nahesa, ʻaʻole pilikia ke kanaka i ka pale ʻana i ka holoholona i nīnau ʻia.

Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, lilo nā phobias ʻē aʻe i mea paʻakikī i ke kaʻe ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā, e like me ka makaʻu i ka lehulehu a i ʻole ka makaʻu i ke kaʻa. I kēia hihia, ho'āʻo ka phobic, akā pinepine i ka makehewa, e lanakila i ka hopohopo a kēia kūlana e hāʻawi iā ia. ʻO ka hopohopo e pili ana i ka phobia hiki ke ulu aʻe i kahi hoʻouka hopohopo a hoʻopau koke i ke kanaka phobia, ma ke kino a me ka noʻonoʻo. Hoʻokaʻawale liʻiliʻi ʻo ia iā ia iho e haʻalele i kēia mau pilikia pilikia. ʻO kēia hōʻole a laila hiki ke loaʻa i nā hopena koʻikoʻi i ka ʻoihana a / a i ʻole ka nohona pili kanaka o ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka phobia.

Aia nā ʻano like ʻole o ka phobias. I loko o nā papa helu, ʻike mua mākou i nā phobias mea a me ka phobias Nui kahi i ʻike nui ʻia ai ka agoraphobia a me ka phobia social.

Ma waena o nā phobias maʻalahi, ʻike mākou:

• phobias ʻano holoholona pili i ka makaʻu i hoʻoulu ʻia e nā holoholona a i ʻole nā ​​inike;
• Phobias o ke ʻano "kaiapuni kūlohelohe". pili i ka makaʻu i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā mea kūlohelohe e like me ka hekili, kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ka wai;
• ʻO Phobias o ke koko, ʻai ʻia a ʻeha paha pili i nā makaʻu e pili ana i nā kaʻina hana olakino;
• Nā phobia kūlana pili i nā makaʻu i hoʻoulu ʻia e kahi kūlana kikoʻī e like me ka lawe ʻana i nā kaʻa lehulehu, nā tunnels, nā alahaka, ka huakaʻi ea, nā mea hoʻokiʻekiʻe, ka hoʻokele a i ʻole nā ​​​​wahi paʻa.

ʻO ke kuhikuhina

Wahi a kekahi mau kumu, ma Farani 1 i 10 mau kānaka i loaʻa i ka phobia¹⁰. ʻOi aku ka pilikia o nā wahine (2 wahine no 1 kāne). ʻO ka hope, ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o kekahi mau phobias ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe a hiki i kekahi ke hoʻopilikia i nā poʻe ʻōpio a ʻoi aku paha.

ʻO ka makaʻu "maʻamau" i ka wā kamaliʻi

I loko o nā keiki, he mau makaʻu kekahi a he ʻāpana o ko lākou ulu maʻamau. Ma waena o nā makaʻu pinepine, hiki iā mākou ke haʻi: makaʻu i ke kaʻawale, makaʻu i ka pōʻeleʻele, makaʻu i nā monsters, makaʻu i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi, etc.

ʻO ka manawa pinepine, ʻike ʻia kēia mau makaʻu a nalowale me ka makahiki me ka ʻole o ke keʻakeʻa ʻana i ka pono holoʻokoʻa o ke keiki. Eia nō naʻe, inā hoʻomaka kekahi mau makaʻu i ka manawa a he hopena koʻikoʻi i ka ʻano a me ka maikaʻi o ke keiki, mai kānalua e nīnau i kahi pediatrician.

PalekanaEND_LINK

E ʻike pono phobia, pono e hōʻoia i ka hōʻike ʻana o ke kanaka makaʻu mau kekahi mau kūlana a i ʻole kekahi mau mea.

Makaʻu ka mea phobic i ke kū ʻana i ke kūlana weliweli a mea paha. Hiki i kēia makaʻu ke lilo koke i mea hopohopo mau i hiki ke ulu i kekahi manawa i kahi hoʻouka weliweli. Hana kēia hopohopo i ke kanaka phobic à e hele a puni nā kūlana a i ʻole nā ​​mea e hoʻāla ai i ka makaʻu i loko ona, ma o nā ʻauwai hōʻole a me / a i ʻole hōʻoia hou (e hōʻalo i kahi mea a noi i ke kanaka e hele mai i mea e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻia ai).

No ka ʻike ʻana i kahi phobia, hiki i ka ʻoihana mālama ola ke kuhikuhi i ka nā pae hoʻohālikelike no ka phobia e hoike ana ma ka DSM IV (Ka Papa Hana Hoʻonaʻauao a me Heluhelu o nā Mino Lō - 4^st hoʻopuka) a i ʻole CIM-10 (Ka helu helu helu honua o nā maʻi a me nā pilikia olakino pili - 10^st hoʻoponopono). Hiki iā ia ke alakaʻi a ninaninau kikoʻī kikoʻī i mea e loaʻa ai ka nā hōʻailona hōʻike o kahi phobia.

Nui nā unahi e like me ka pālākiō makaʻu (FSS III) a i ʻole houKa Nīnauele Makau ʻo Marks and Mattews, loaʻa i nā kauka a me nā psychologists. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohana iā lākou i mea e hana ai hōʻoia ma ke ʻano o kā lākou hōʻoia ʻana a loiloi i kapinepine ' ʻO ka phobia a me nā hopena o kēia mea hiki ke loaʻa i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā o ka mea maʻi.

Nā kumu

ʻOi aku ka Phobia ma mua o ka makaʻu, he maʻi hopohopo maoli. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o kekahi phobias i ka wā kamaliʻi, e like me ka hopohopo e pili ana i ka kaʻawale ʻana mai ka makuahine (separation anxiety), aʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe i ʻike ʻia i ka wā ʻōpio a i ʻole ka wā makua. Pono e ʻike ʻia he hanana traumatic a i ʻole ke koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi i ke kumu o ke ʻano o kahi phobia.

ka phobias maʻalahi ulu pinepine i ka wā kamaliʻi. Hiki ke hoʻomaka nā hōʻailona maʻamau ma waena o 4 a 8 mau makahiki. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka manawa, hahai lākou i kahi hanana i ʻike ʻia e ke keiki he mea leʻaleʻa a me ke kaumaha. ʻO kēia mau hanana, no ka laʻana, he kipa kino, hoʻopaʻa ʻana a i ʻole hoʻāʻo koko. Hiki i nā keiki i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o kahi wahi paʻa a me ka pōʻeleʻele ma hope o kahi ulia pōpilikia ke ulu aʻe i kahi phobia o nā wahi paʻa, i kapa ʻia ʻo claustrophobia. Hiki i nā keiki ke ulu i ka phobia "ma ke aʻo ʻana.² »Inā pili lākou me nā poʻe phobia ʻē aʻe i ko lākou ʻohana. No ka laʻana, i ka launa pū ʻana me kekahi lālā o ka ʻohana makaʻu i ka ʻiole, hiki i ke keiki ke ulu i ka makaʻu i ka ʻiole. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua hoʻohui ʻo ia i ka manaʻo he mea pono e makaʻu iā ia.

ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o ka ʻike ʻana i ke kumu o nā phobias paʻakikī. Nui nā mea (neurobiological, genetic, psychological or environmental) e like me ke kuleana i ko lākou helehelena.

Ua hōʻike kekahi mau haʻawina i ka lolo o ke kanaka ma ke ʻano "preprogrammed" e ʻike i kekahi mau makaʻu (nā nahesa, ka pōʻeleʻele, ka nele, etc.). Me he mea lā ʻo kekahi mau makaʻu kekahi ʻāpana o kā mākou hoʻoilina hoʻoilina a ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo ia ka mea i hiki ai iā mākou ke ola i loko o ka ʻāina ʻino (nā holoholona hihiu, nā mea kūlohelohe, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) kahi i ulu ai ko mākou mau kūpuna.

Nā maʻi pili

Loaʻa pinepine ka poʻe me ka phobia i nā maʻi noʻonoʻo pili e like me:

• he maʻi hopohopo, e like me ka panic disorder a i ʻole phobia ʻē aʻe.
• kaumaha.
• ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i nā mea me nā waiwai anxiolytic e like me ka waiʻona³.

Nā pilikia

ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka phobia hiki ke lilo i hemahema maoli no ka mea i loaʻa iā ia. Hiki i kēia maʻi ke loaʻa nā hopena i ka manaʻo, pilikanaka a me ke ola ʻoihana o ka poʻe phobic. I ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e hakakā i ka hopohopo e pili ana i ka phobia, hiki i kekahi poʻe ke hana ʻino i kekahi mau mea me nā waiwai anxiolytic e like me ka waiʻona a me nā lāʻau psychotropic. Hiki nō hoʻi ke hoʻololi ʻia kēia hopohopo i loko o ka panic attacks a i ʻole ka maʻi hopohopo lehulehu. I nā hihia koʻikoʻi, hiki i ka phobia ke alakaʻi i kekahi poʻe i ka pepehi kanaka.