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Ka lawaiʻa kaʻa keʻokeʻo
He i'a kula wai ma'ema'e ka nui o ke kala kala no ka cypriniform order. Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, noho ʻo ia ma ka muliwai ʻo Amur, aia nā hihia o ka hopu ʻana i kahi iʻa mika-lōʻihi ma ke kaupaona ʻana he 16 kg. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā makahiki o kēia iʻa ma mua o 20 makahiki. He iʻa pelagic ka carp kālā e ʻai ana i ka phytoplankton i kona ola ʻana, koe wale nō nā pae mua. ʻO ka awelika lōʻihi a me ke kaumaha o ka carp kālā i nā hopu kalepa he 41 knm a me 1,2 kg. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka iʻa i loko o nā waihona wai o ka Soviet Union mua, kahi e ulu wikiwiki ai ma mua o ka Amur.
Nā ala e hopu ai i ke kaʻa keʻokeʻo
No ka hopu ʻana i kēia iʻa, hoʻohana ka poʻe lawaiʻa i nā ʻano mea like ʻole o lalo a lana. E noʻonoʻo i ka ikaika o nā mea hana, no ka mea, ʻaʻole hiki ke hōʻole ʻia ke kala kala i ka ikaika, a hana pinepine ʻo ia i nā kiola wikiwiki, lele i waho o ka wai. Hoʻopili ka iʻa i nā maunu he nui no ka iʻa ʻaʻole.
Ka hopu ʻana i ke kaʻa kālā ma luna o ka mea lana
ʻO ka lawaiʻa ʻana me nā koʻokoʻo lana, ʻo ka pinepine, e hana ʻia ma nā waihona me ka wai kū a kahe mālie paha. Hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ka lawaiʻa haʻuki me nā koʻokoʻo me kahi makapō, a me nā pahu. I ka manawa like, ma ke ʻano o ka helu a me ka paʻakikī o nā mea hana, ʻaʻole i haʻahaʻa kēia lawaiʻa i ka lawaiʻa carp kūikawā. ʻO ka lawaiʻa ʻana me kahi lana, me ka kūleʻa, e hana ʻia ma nā "holo holo". ʻO ka lawaiʻa ʻana me nā koʻokoʻo pāʻani ua kūleʻa loa ke noho mamao ke kaʻa kālā mai ke kahakai. Nui ka poʻe lawaiʻa ʻike i ka hopu ʻana i ka carp kala i hana i nā rig lana mua i hoʻohana maikaʻi ʻia ma nā "loko home". Pono e ʻike ma aneʻi ʻo ka hopu ʻana i kēia iʻa ma nā koho no ka "make rigging" ʻaʻole i kūleʻa. Nui nā kumu no kēia. ʻO ka mea mua, he hilahila ke kala kala nui a ʻaʻole kokoke kokoke i kahakai.
ʻO ka hopu ʻana i ka carp kālā ma ka ʻaoʻao lalo
Hiki ke hopuʻia ke kala kala ma ka mea maʻalahi loa: kahi mea hānai e pili ana i 7 knm i hoʻolakoʻia me kekahi mau makau (2-3 pcs.) Me nā pōpō pahu i hoʻopaʻaʻia a pili i ka laina lawaiʻa nui. Lawe ʻia nā leashes mai ka laina braided me ke anawaena o 0,12 mm. E ʻoluʻolu, ʻaʻole e hāʻawi nā leashes pōkole i ka hopena i makemake ʻia, no laila ʻo ko lākou lōʻihi ma kahi o 20 cm. Hāpai ka iʻa me ka wai i ka maunu a kau i ka makau. Akā naʻe, no ka lawaiʻa mai lalo, pono ʻoe e hāʻawi i ka makemake i ka mea hānai a me ka mea ʻohi. He lawaiʻa kēia ma nā mea "lalo", hoʻohana pinepine i nā mea hānai. ʻoluʻolu loa no ka hapa nui, ʻoiai ʻo ka poʻe lawaiʻa ʻike ʻole. Hāʻawi lākou i ka lawaiʻa e neʻe loa ma ka loko, a no ka hiki ke hānai ʻia, "ʻohi" wikiwiki i nā iʻa ma kahi i hāʻawi ʻia. ʻO ka mea hānai a me ka mea ʻohi, e like me nā ʻano ʻano mea like ʻole, i kēia manawa ʻokoʻa wale nō ka lōʻihi o ke koʻokoʻo. ʻO ke kumu ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi pahu maunu-sinker (feeder) a me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo ma ke koʻokoʻo. Hoʻololi nā piko ma muli o ke kūlana lawaiʻa a me ke kaumaha o ka mea hānai i hoʻohana ʻia. Hiki i nā nozzles no ka lawaiʻa ke ʻano, nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona, me nā pāpaʻi. Loaʻa kēia ʻano lawaiʻa i nā mea a pau. ʻAʻole koi ʻo Tackle i nā mea pono a me nā mea hana kūikawā. Hiki iā ʻoe ke lawaiʻa ma kahi kokoke i nā kino wai. He mea pono e hoʻolohe i ke koho ʻana o nā mea hānai i ke ʻano a me ka nui, a me nā hui pū. ʻO kēia ma muli o nā kūlana o ka waihona (ka muliwai, ka loko, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) a me ka makemake o nā iʻa kūloko.
Maunu
No ka hopu ʻana i kēia iʻa hoihoi, e hana nā maunu meaʻai. Hāʻawi ka lawaiʻa maikaʻi i nā pī ʻōpiopio i hoʻolapalapa ʻia a i ʻole ka pī. Hiki ke uhi ʻia ka makau me nā ʻāpana filamentous algae. Ma ke ʻano he maunu, hoʻohana nui ʻia ka "technoplankton", e like me ka meaʻai maoli o ka carp kālā - phytoplankton. Hiki ke hana ʻia kēia maunu iā ʻoe iho a kūʻai ʻia paha ma kahi pūnaewele kūʻai.
Nā wahi lawaiʻa a me nā wahi noho
ʻO ka ʻāina kūlohelohe o ka carp kālā ʻo ka Far East o Russia a me Kina. I Rusia, loaʻa nui ia ma ka Amur a me kekahi mau loko nui - Qatar, Orel, Bolon. Aia ma Ussuri, Sunari, Lake Khanka, Sakhalin. Ma ke ʻano he mea lawaiʻa, ua hoʻolaha nui ʻia ma ʻEulopa a me ʻAsia, i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o nā kino wai o nā repubalika o ka USSR mua. I ke kauwela, makemake nā kala kala i nā kahawai o ka Amur a me nā loko, no ka hoʻoilo, neʻe lākou i ka muliwai a moe i loko o nā lua. Makemake kēia iʻa i ka wai mahana, hoʻomehana ʻia a hiki i 25 degere. Makemake ʻo ia i nā wai kua, pale i nā au ikaika. I loko o kahi ʻoluʻolu no lākou iho, hana ikaika nā kala kala. Me ke anu, ho'ōki loa lākou i ka ʻai ʻana. No laila, ʻike pinepine ʻia nā carps kālā nui i loko o nā waihona i hoʻomehana ʻia.
ʻOhana
I ke kala kala, e like me ke kala keʻokeʻo, e puka mai ana ka spawning i ka wā e piʻi nui ai ka wai mai ka hoʻomaka o Iune a i ka waena o Iulai. ʻO ka awelika fecundity ma kahi o ka hapalua miliona mau hua moa me ke anawaena o 3-4 mm. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka spawning, maʻamau a hiki i ʻekolu kipa ʻana. I loko o ka wai mahana, ʻelua lā ka ulu ʻana o nā larvae. ʻO nā kaʻa kala kala wale nō e lilo i mau makahiki 7-8. ʻOiai ma Cuba a me India, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o kēia kaʻina hana a lawe wale i 2 mau makahiki. Oo mua na kane ma mua o ka wahine, ma ka awelika o ka makahiki hookahi.