Contents
ʻO Sciens, croakers, croakers he ʻohana iʻa nui, e pili ana i 56 genera a me 250 mau ʻano. Pono e ʻike ʻia ma ʻaneʻi e noho ana kekahi mau ʻano o kēia ʻohana i loko o nā loko wai maʻemaʻe. Aia ma kahi o 16 Crockers ka nui o ia mau mea ma ʻAmelika Hema. Hōʻike ʻia nā pāpaʻi āpau e ke kino i hoʻopili ʻia i ka ʻaoʻao, ʻano elongated; nui nā ʻano ʻano i ʻike ʻia ka hump. He papalua ka hope hope, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka hope (māmā). Ua uhi ʻia ke kino holoʻokoʻa me nā unahi poepoe me ka serrated ʻaoʻao waho. He hapa haʻahaʻa ka waha, uhi ʻia nā ʻāwae o ka iʻa me nā niho liʻiliʻi, akā i kekahi mau ʻano he ʻano canine a i ʻole ke ʻano incisor. Hiki ke kala ʻokoʻa. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o kekahi poʻe croakers ko lākou "noisi". Hiki iā lākou ke hana i nā kani. Hiki i ka nui o kekahi mau ʻano ke hiki i 2 m ka lōʻihi a ʻoi aku ma mua o 20 kg i ke kaumaha. Noho nui nā iʻa. Hānai nā Croakers ma muli o ke ʻano, he poʻe ʻaihue ikaika kekahi, makemake kekahi i nā benthos (makemake holoholona). Hiki ke ʻai ʻia ka hapa nui o nā ʻano. ʻO ka lawaiʻa ikaika loa, kekahi mau ʻano ʻepekema, hana ʻia ma Asia Hema. ʻO kekahi mau ʻano wai maʻemaʻe a me nā ʻano kai he "aquacultures". Ua hānai ʻia lākou ma Kina a me Brazil.
Nā ʻano lawaiʻa
He mea kaulana loa ka lawaiʻa pāpaʻa i nā poʻe lawaiʻa amateur. Ua lawa ka ʻōlelo ʻana aia ʻelua mau ʻano croakers kokoke i ke kahakai ʻo Black Sea o Rūsia: māmā a me ka pōʻeleʻele. Lawe lākou i nā papa ma nā ʻano mea like ʻole, akā ʻo kekahi o nā mea kaulana loa ʻo ka "donka". ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi ʻo ia ka lawaiʻa ʻana i ka nui o ka hohonu (2-7 m), ma ka ʻāina paʻakikī, a ʻo ka mea pinepine, koi ʻia nā pahu lōʻihi. I kekahi mau hihia, hoʻohana ʻia nā mea lana "long-cast", ma ke ʻano - "drifting gear". ʻO kēia ma muli o ka hiki i nā croakers ke hānai ma kahi kokoke i nā aʻa a i ʻole nā pōhaku, a no ka mea ola loa ka iʻa a hiki ke nui, paʻakikī ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā rigs lalo. Eia kekahi, hopu ʻia nā croakers ma nā rig wili a me ka lawaiʻa lele, ma ke ʻano heʻenalu o ka lawaiʻa kai. No nā ʻano lawaiʻa croaker a pau, ʻo ka manawa lawaiʻa maikaʻi loa ʻo ke ahiahi a me ka pō.
Ka hopu ʻana i nā papa ma ka ʻaoʻao lalo
ʻO ka hapa nui o ka poʻe lawaiʻa makemake e hopu i nā croakers mai kahakai me nā koʻokoʻo "lōʻihi" lalo. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka croaker, i ka hapanui o nā hihia, e mālama i kahi mamao mai ke kahakai ma nā wahi wai hohonu o ke kahakai. No nā koʻokoʻo lalo, hoʻohana ʻia nā koʻokoʻo like ʻole me ka "holo holo", hiki ke lilo i mau koʻokoʻo "heʻenalu" kūikawā a me nā koʻokoʻo wili like ʻole. Pono ka lōʻihi a me ka ho'āʻo o nā koʻokoʻo i nā hana i koho ʻia a me ka ʻāina. E like me nā ʻano lawaiʻa ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻohe pono e hoʻohana i nā rigs maʻalahi. Hoʻopili ʻia kēia me nā kūlana lawaiʻa a me ka hiki ke hopu i kahi iʻa nui a ola, pono e koi ʻia ka huki ʻana, no ka mea he maʻamau ka croaker, inā pilikia, e peʻe ma ka ʻāina pōhaku. I nā manawa he nui, hiki i ka lawaiʻa ke hana ma kahi hohonu a me kahi mamao, ʻo ia ka mea e pono ai ke hoʻopau i ka laina no ka manawa lōʻihi, kahi e koi ai i kahi hoʻoikaika kino ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka lawaiʻa a hoʻonui i nā koi no ka ikaika o ka pahu a me nā pahu. , i ke ʻano wae. Wahi a ke kumu o ka hana, hiki i nā coils ke hoʻonui a me ka inertial-free. No laila, koho ʻia nā koʻokoʻo ma muli o ka ʻōnaehana reel. No ke koho ʻana i kahi lawaiʻa, pono ʻoe e nīnau i nā mea lawaiʻa ʻike a alakaʻi paha. E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo mua ʻia, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lawaiʻa ʻana i ka pō. I kēia hihia, pono e hoʻohana i nā mea hōʻailona like ʻole. ʻAʻole i manaʻo ʻia a ʻoi loa ka nahu o ka croaker, no laila ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e haʻalele i ka mea hana me ka mālama ʻole ʻia. A i ʻole, aia ka pilikia e "haʻalele" ka iʻa i loko o nā pōhaku a pēlā aku.
ʻO ka hopu ʻana i nā croakers me ka wili a lele i nā mea lawaiʻa
I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka kaulana o ka lawaiʻa heʻenalu no ka milo a me ka lawaiʻa lele. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka lawaiʻa croaker, ʻo ia, ma muli o ka maʻamau o ka iʻa, ʻo ka manawa maikaʻi loa ʻo ia ka pō hohonu a me ka pō. ʻO ka hapa nui o kēia lawaiʻa he kukui poʻo. ʻO ka mana o ka paʻa, ma ka lawaiʻa lele a me ka wili, pili i ka nui o nā lures, kahi lawaiʻa a me ka ʻike o ka mea lawaiʻa. I ka hihia o ka lawaiʻa lele, pono e hoʻomaopopo i ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā kuʻuna no nā Lūkini, hoʻokahi lima lima o nā papa like ʻole, hiki ke hoʻohana i nā koʻokoʻo kūikawā no ka lawaiʻa heʻenalu, a me nā hoʻololi.
Maunu
No ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā rigs no ka lawaiʻa ʻana ma nā rigs maoli, hiki i nā ʻōpae a i ʻole ka ʻiʻo pāpaʻi ke lilo i maunu maikaʻi loa. I kēia hihia, hiki ke hoʻohana i nā ʻāpana o ka ʻiʻo o ka iʻa a me nā ilo. I ka ʻākoakoa ʻana no ka lawaiʻa, he mea nui e ʻike i nā ʻano o ka lawaiʻa croaker ma kekahi wahi, aia kekahi mau nuances ma ke kahakai ʻo Black Sea. I ka lawaiʻa ʻana me nā lures artificial, ʻoluʻolu ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka laulā holoʻokoʻa. Hoʻouka maʻamau ka croaker mai ka hoʻohālua ʻana, a hiki ke hoʻouka i kahi pio nui, ʻoiai ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia i ka nui o nā hihia, ʻai ʻo ia i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi.
Nā wahi lawaiʻa a me nā wahi noho
E like me ka mea i haʻi mua ʻia, ʻokoʻa ka ʻohana gorbyls, ʻepekema. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻano mea makemake i nā ʻāpana ʻāina a me nā subtropical o ke kai a me nā wai ʻāina. I ka manawa like, e ulu ana kekahi mau ʻano (e pili ana i 11), e noho ana i ka ʻāina wela, no ka laʻana: ke Kai Mediterranean a me ke Kai ʻEleʻele. Eia kekahi, loaʻa lākou ma ka moana ʻĀina, ʻAkelanika a me ka Pākīpika. I ka ʻāina haʻahaʻa, i ka hoʻoilo, hele mamao nā croakers mai kahakai, me ka hoʻomehana ʻana, hoʻi lākou i hope.
ʻOhana
ʻO ka spawning i nā ʻepekema, hiki ke ʻokoʻa nā croakers i ka manawa a me ka wā oʻo. Ua lawa ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana he thermophilic nā ʻano āpau. I ka iʻa o ka ʻāina ʻEleʻele, ʻike ʻia ka spawning ma nā ʻāpana, i ka pūnāwai a me ke kauwela. He pelargic ka hua a me ka larvae. ʻO ka wikiwiki loa, hele nā larvae i ke kahua palai. Hanai nā ʻepekema ʻōpio i ka zooplankton.