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Hiki iā mākou ke ʻike i ka mea e kali nei iā mākou ma 10, 20 a i ʻole 30 mau makahiki, wehewehe ʻo Dmitry Leontiev psychologist. ʻO nā hopena o nā makahiki he nui o ka noiʻi e hōʻoiaʻiʻo nei aia i loko o ko mākou mana ke ola piha a hiki i kona lā hope loa.
Manaʻo mākou ua hiki i ka manawa e hoʻomaka ai e ʻai pono a haʻalele i ka puhi paka, hele nui a mālama iā mākou iho, e hoʻāʻo i nā mea hou a hoʻokaʻawale i ka manawa no kā mākou mau hana punahele. ʻO kēia mau mea a pau, he mea maikaʻi iā ia iho, akā pehea mākou e ʻike ai e hua mai ke ʻano o ke ola i nā makahiki he nui? I kēia lā, ke koho ʻana i ko mākou ala ponoʻī, hiki iā mākou ke hilinaʻi i ka ʻikepili o nā haʻawina i kapa ʻia ʻo longitudinal, kahi e nānā ai nā psychologists i ka hui like o nā kānaka no nā makahiki he nui. Ua hoʻomaka ka Longitudinal lōʻihi loa i ka makahiki 1938 a hiki i kēia lā. Hoʻopili kēia haʻawina ma mua o 300 mau haumāna puka o ke Kulanui ʻo Harvard (USA), ka poʻe i lanakila mua i ka milestone 80-makahiki. I kēia manawa, mālama ʻia ʻo ia e ke kauka psychologist, ke kaukaʻi ma Harvard Medical School George Valiant (George Vaillant). Wahi a Valiant aia nā hōʻailona hilinaʻi e ʻae iā mākou e wānana inā e ola mākou a hiki i ka wā ʻelemakule a maikaʻi paha mākou i kēlā makahiki *. Hoʻokumu pū ʻia kāna mau hopena i ka ʻikepili mai ʻelua mau haʻawina longitudinal ʻē aʻe: kahi haʻawina (mai ka hopena o ka makahiki 1940) o nā ʻōpio 450 mai nā kaiāulu hemahema ma Bosetona a me kahi haʻawina i mālama ʻia ma Stanford (mai ka makahiki 1920) o 90 wahine me nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka naʻauao. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻo George Valiant i ʻelua hui koʻikoʻi: hoʻokahi - olakino a hauʻoli i ka wā ʻelemakule, ʻo ka lua - maʻi a hauʻoli ʻole. He aha ka mea e pili ana i ke komo ʻana i kekahi hui a i ʻole kekahi hui?
ʻAʻole hewa nā mākua
E hoʻomaka kākou me ka mea i pili ʻole i ko kākou manaʻo ponoʻī i ka wā ʻelemakule. Ua hōʻole ka ʻikepili noiʻi i ka moʻoʻōlelo e pili ana i ka hopena make o ka wā kamaliʻi i nā mea a pau e hiki mai ana iā mākou ma hope. Inā hauʻoli ʻole ka wā kamaliʻi, a laila ʻaʻole make kēia, hiki ke koho. ʻO nā keiki makua ʻole a hiki i ke 80 mau makahiki, ua hauʻoli a olakino hoʻi e like me ka poʻe i hoʻopuni ʻia e nā mākua aloha a me nā ʻohana. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona pilikanaka a me ka noʻonoʻo o nā mākua i loaʻa kekahi hopena i ke ʻano i ka wā ʻōpio, akā ua pau ka hana ʻana i kekahi kuleana ma ka makahiki he kanahiku. ʻAʻole pili ka ola ola o nā keiki i ke ola o nā mākua, ma ka liʻiliʻi ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. ʻO kekahi mea kupanaha: ʻo ka nui o nā hanana koʻikoʻi i ke ola e pili ana i ka ʻelemakule ʻaʻole pili i kekahi mea.
He nani ka ʻelemakule
Ua loaʻa i ka haʻawina nā ʻano pilikino a me nā ʻano a hiki i ka makahiki 50 he mau wānana hilinaʻi kūpono no ka ʻelemakule hauʻoli a hauʻoli ʻole paha 30 mau makahiki ma mua (e nānā i ka pahu ma kēia ʻaoʻao). Hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia kahi wānana maikaʻi inā 4 a ʻoi aʻe paha o nā kumu 7 kūpono i kahi ʻelemakule maikaʻi i loko o ko mākou ola. ʻO ka ʻelemakule maikaʻi i kēia hihia ʻo ia ka nele o nā maʻi somatic koʻikoʻi a me ka maʻi noʻonoʻo, ke olakino maʻamau, ke kākoʻo mai nā hoaaloha a me nā ʻohana, ka ʻoluʻolu o ke ola - ʻo kēia mau mea āpau i ka makahiki 65-75 mau makahiki. ʻAʻole ia he mea maʻamau e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia, a ʻo ka mea nui loa, pili ka nui iā mākou iho - ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka hānai ʻana a i ʻole nā kūlana.
Loaʻa i nā mea a pau kona manawa
ʻO ka mea i manaʻo ʻole ʻia, ʻo nā mea e pili ana i ke olakino e hoʻololi i ka makahiki: ʻo ka mea nui ma 40 a i ʻole 50 e lilo i kī ma 60 a me 70. Eia kekahi laʻana, ma ke ʻano o nā pae cholesterol i ka makahiki 50, "hauʻoli" ka wā e hiki mai ana. a ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa ka poʻe kahiko pōʻino, akā ma hope ua lilo ia i mea nui. Kokoke e like me ka Baibala: he manawa e nānā ai i kāu cholesterol a he manawa e haʻalele ai, wahi a Valiant. Aia kekahi mau ʻike hoihoi ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka mea nui, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke olakino maʻamau, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka manaʻo kumu o ke kūlana o kekahi, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā palena olakino. ʻO nā pōʻino a me nā hanana leʻaleʻa ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopaʻi iā mākou i kahi ʻelemakule paʻakikī, inā ʻike mākou pehea e hoʻoponopono ai iā lākou. ʻO ka poʻe hiki ke ʻae i ka poʻe a puni lākou, e kala a mahalo i ka maikaʻi o ka ola ma hope. A ʻo ka mea hope loa, ʻo ka noʻonoʻo, ka pāʻani a me nā hoaaloha ʻōpio e pani ana i ka poʻe e haʻalele ana e kōkua i kahi ʻelemakule hauʻoli.
* G. Vaillant «Aging Well». Little, Brown and Company, 2002.
Nā kī i ka wā e hiki mai ana
Inā makemake mākou e leʻaleʻa i ke ola ma hope o 65, he mea nui e mālama iā ia ma mua o ka piha ʻana i ka 50. Eia nā kī ʻehiku i kahi ʻelemakule pōmaikaʻi e pono ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia.
1 ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka puhi pume (ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi ʻeke i ka lā) ke kumu ikaika loa. He mea nui e hāʻule i ka 45-50, a laila e nalowale ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole. ʻAʻole helu ka paka i kēlā me kēia manawa.
2 Nā pale noʻonoʻo makua: ʻakaʻaka, manaʻo (foresight), sublimation. ʻO nā pale noʻonoʻo nā ala maʻamau e hoʻokō ai i nā ʻike maikaʻi ʻole a me nā hakakā. ʻO nā pale pale ʻole - ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, ka huhū, ka hōʻole - hāʻawi i kahi hoʻopau manawa pōkole wale nō, ʻaʻole ka hopena i ka pilikia.
3 Kaumaha maʻamau.
4 ʻO ka nele o ka hoʻomāinoino ʻana i ka waiʻona ʻo ia wale nō ka mea e wānana i ke olakino psycho-emotional a me ke kino ma hope o ka makahiki. ʻO ka poʻe i puhi ʻole a inu ʻole i ka waiʻona, 75% ʻaʻohe pilikia me ka hoʻoikaika kino i ka makahiki 80-64. ʻO ka poʻe i puhi nui a hoʻopaʻa i ka waiʻona - 24-36%. ʻO ka poʻe i ʻae iā lākou iho ʻelua, - 8%.
5 ʻO kahi male paʻa e lawe mai i ka ʻoluʻolu.
6 Kekahi hana kino. ʻO kēia kumu, e like me ka mea ma mua, ʻaʻole pili i ke olakino kino wale nō, akā, i ke ʻano o ka pono kumuhana.
7 Ka pae o ka hoʻonaʻauao. ʻAʻole nui kēia kumu ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole ia i hōʻike ʻia ma ka hōʻike Harvard, kahi i loaʻa i kēlā me kēia kanaka kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻonaʻauao, akā ua lilo ia i mea nui loa i nā ʻōpio Boston paʻakikī i loaʻa nā ola like ʻole. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻohe mana o ka papa kaiaulu a me ka naʻauao.