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ʻO ka mushroom mold ka maʻi maʻamau i loaʻa i ka poʻe mahi halo i ka wā e hoʻoulu ai i nā champignons a me nā halo ʻoyster. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻaʻohe ala maikaʻi e hakakā ai i ka ʻōpala o nā halo hou, a ʻo ka pale ʻana i nā mea kanu aia i ka hoʻokō pono ʻana i nā hana pale. ʻO nā ʻano nui o nā mole fungi he ʻōmaʻomaʻo, melemele, melemele-'ōmaʻomaʻo, confetti, carmine, spider web a me ka ʻoliva. ʻO ka mea e hana ai i mea e pale ai i ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o ka ʻōpala ma nā halo i ka wā o ka mahi ʻana e wehewehe ʻia ma kēia ʻaoʻao.
No ke aha i ʻike ʻia ai ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma luna o nā halo?
ʻOleʻele ʻōmaʻomaʻo, e like me ke kānāwai, pili i nā champignons i ulu i nā lumi nui. ʻO ke kumu o ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma luna o nā halo, ʻo ia nā ʻano like ʻole o ka skae-yutsht, ua pālahalaha loa lākou i ke ʻano a ʻike ʻia i loko o ka substrate me nā mea hoʻomaka. ʻO lākou, me nā microorganism ʻē aʻe, pili pū i ka fermentation. ʻAʻole pilikia kēia pathogen i nā wela kiʻekiʻe. I kēia hihia, make nā microorganisms i koe, a hoʻomaka kēia haʻuki e ulu wikiwiki aʻe, me ka loaʻa ʻole o nā pilikia a me nā mea hoʻokūkū. ʻO ka mycelium o kēia haʻuki he hyphae lahilahi ia e komo i ka substrate holoʻokoʻa a hāʻawi iā ia i ke ʻala o kahi hale a me ka ʻōpala. ʻAʻole hiki i ka mushroom mycelium ke ulu i loko o ia mau kūlana, no ka mea ʻaʻole loaʻa nā meaʻai. Make koke ʻo ia. A hoʻomohala ka ʻōpala parasitic i nā spores. ʻO ka hopena, ʻike ʻia nā ʻōpuʻu o ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻoliva ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻeleʻele i ka substrate. Hoʻopihaʻia nā'ōpuʻu fungus me nā'ōmaʻomaʻo'ōmaʻomaʻo. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka ammonia i loko o ka substrate a me ka nele o ka ea hou e hoʻoulu wale i ka ulu ʻana o kēia haʻuki. Inā hui ʻole ʻia ka manure moa i ka hui mua ʻana, a laila hoʻoulu ʻia kēia i kekahi manawa i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
ʻO ke ʻano o nā halo i loaʻa i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo ke ʻano i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi:
Hiki ke pale wale i ka poni ʻōmaʻomaʻo. No ke aha e lawe ʻia ai ka mea hoʻomaka no nā substrates ma ke ʻano kūpono a hoʻopili pono ʻia. Pono e nānā mau ʻia ke kaʻina hana pasteurization, e pale i ka overheating i kekahi hihia.
Ua ʻae ʻia e lulu hou i ka substrate i hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka maʻi. ʻO ka hopena, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa kahi hua haʻahaʻa. Ma mua o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana, kāpīpī ʻia ka substrate me ka pauka superphosphate.
ʻEleʻele a melemele ma luna o nā halo ʻoyster a me nā champignons
puna palaoa pili pinepine i nā halo ʻoyster a me nā champignons. ʻO kona kumu kumu, he fungus saprophytic moldy. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka mold ma ka substrate ma mua a ma hope paha o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mea uhi. I ka wā mua, he keʻokeʻo a ʻulaʻula ka ʻōpala, a laila lilo ia i ʻeleʻele-hina, ma ke ʻano he plaque. Inā ʻoe e paʻi me kou lima a wai paha, a laila e piʻi aʻe ka lepo mai nā kiko. Ke ulu ka mushroom mycelium i loko o ka mea uhi, nalo ka ʻūhā mushroom.
ʻO kēia maʻi hiki ke pale wale ʻia, ʻaʻohe mea e ola ai. Ma ke ʻano he pale, pono e mālama ʻia ka mea uhi me ka foundationazole. Eia kekahi, mai compost ma ka lepo.
melemele melemele pili pinepine i nā champignons. ʻO ia ka mea i loaʻa i ka haʻo parasitic Myceliophtora lutea; ʻO kēia pathogen kekahi o nā mea weliweli loa no nā champignons. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kēlā ʻano haʻuki ma ke ʻano - he parasitizes ma ka mycelium ulu ʻāhiu o nā ʻano like ʻole. A i loko o ka substrate, ulu wale ia inā he champignon mycelium ma kahi hoʻokahi. Hōʻike ʻia kahi mycelium keʻokeʻo ma ka palena ma waena o ka mea uhi a me ka substrate. Ma hope o kēlā, hoʻokumu ʻia nā spores a lilo nā wahi i hoʻopili ʻia i melemele. Hoʻomaka ka substrate e honi e like me ka copper oxide, a i ʻole carbide. Kūleʻa nā spores o ka haʻuki i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻole lākou e make i ka wā pasteurization a hiki ke lawe ʻia me ka lepo, substrate contaminated, ma o nā lima a me nā mea hana.
No ka pale ʻana, pono e mālama pono i nā koi hoʻomaʻemaʻe, pono ka compost. Inā hoʻopili ʻia ka substrate, a laila e hoʻopili ʻia nā mea āpau a puni ka halo i kēlā me kēia pule me kahi hopena formalin 4%. A ma hope o kēlā me kēia keakea, pono ia e pīpī i nā kola me kahi hopena 1% o ka copper sulphate. Hoʻopili ʻia ka substrate i hoʻopili ʻia me kahi hopena 1% o ka copper sulphate a laila lawe ʻia i kahi ʻāina. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia substrate ma ke ʻano he mea kanu organik. Pono e puhi ʻia nā wahi hana a pau ma 12 °C no 72 mau hola ma hope o kēlā me kēia hoʻololi ʻana.
He aha kāu e hana ai inā ʻike ʻia ka ʻōpala confetti ma nā halo
confetti poni melemele - He maʻi ʻokoʻa kēia, ʻokoʻa mai ka poni melemele maʻamau. Hoʻokumu ʻia ia e kekahi ʻano ʻano haʻuki parasitic. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka mycelium keʻokeʻo i ka substrate ma ke ʻano o nā wahi i hoʻopuehu ʻia. Huli melemele ma hope iki a lilo i melemele-ʻeleʻele. Hiki ke hana ʻia ka ʻiʻo mushroom ma waena.
Ke hoʻomohala nei i ka manawa like me ka mycelium mushroom, hoʻomaka mālie kēia parasite ma luna ona. Hiki ke ʻike maopopo ʻia nā kiko ma ka ʻeke. He mea maʻalahi ka nānā ʻana iā lākou ma ka ninini ʻana i ka substrate mai loko o ka ʻeke ma luna o ka pepa a hoʻokaʻawale iā ia i nā papa ākea. He ʻokoʻa ka waihoʻoluʻu ma mua o ka mycelium mushroom - he hina-hina mau. Ke hoʻomohala nei, he hopena koʻikoʻi ka maʻi i ka hua ʻana o nā halo. Hoʻolohi mua ia, a laila kū hope.
ʻO ka hoʻomohala nui loa o ka ʻōpala i ka lā 50-60th ma hope o ka lūlū ʻana i ka mycelium. No laila, hiki mai ka hua ma hope i ka mea kanu champignon, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā poho.
Make nā spores o kēia fungus parasitic moldy ma nā mahana o 60 ° C a ma luna. ʻO ka pinepine, pālahalaha ka maʻi ma o ka substrate, i kekahi manawa hiki ke loaʻa ma ka lepo. Hiki i ka maʻi ke komo i loko o ka substrate ke wehe ʻia mai ke keʻena. Lawe ʻia nā spores e ka makani me ka lepo mai nā champignons e pili ana a i ʻole mai kahi substrate i hoʻopau ʻia. Hiki i ka lepo ke lilo i ka ma'i. Lawe pū ʻia nā spora me nā lole a me nā kāmaʻa, me nā mea hana, nā ʻoki, nā ʻiole, nā nalo mushroom, etc.
No ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi, pono ia e hoʻokō i nā koi maʻemaʻe ma ka lāʻau champignon ponoʻī a ma ka ʻāina e pili ana iā ia. ʻAʻole pono e hana ʻia ka compost ma ka papahele lepo. Pono e hoʻopili pono ʻia ka substrate no 12 mau hola ma 60 ° C. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻeke i hana ʻia me ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni polymer, kahi e hōʻemi ai i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka maʻi i ka wā e waiho ana i nā halo. Eia kekahi, pono e hahai pono nā hana a pau (ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka substrate hānau, ka wikiwiki o ka mycelium, ka hui ʻana me ka substrate pasteurized, etc.) e hoʻolalelale i ka ulu ʻana o ka mycelium a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā hua. E kōkua kēia i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka pōʻino o nā mea kanu.
Inā uhi ʻia nā halo i ka ʻōpala, a laila ʻaʻole pono e hoʻopuehu ʻia nā ʻokiʻoki o nā wāwae a me nā mea uhi e pili ana iā lākou. Pono e hōʻiliʻili ʻia i loko o nā ʻeke kiʻi polymer a hoʻopili ʻia i loko o kahi lua i hoʻomākaukau kūikawā ʻia no kēia. Pono e hoʻoinu ʻia kēia mau ʻōpala i kēlā me kēia lā me kahi hopena o ke keleawe sulfate. Pono e uhi ʻia ka lua me ka honua. Pono e holoi ʻia ka lumi holoʻokoʻa kahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai ka champignon i kēlā me kēia lā me kahi hopena o ke keleawe sulfate. Pono e uhi ʻia nā puka makani a pau me nā ʻupena. Ma mua a ma hope o ka hana ʻana i kahi halo, pono ʻoe e holoi i nā mea hana a pau, holoi i nā lole hana, holoi a hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā kāmaʻa me ka hopena o ke keleawe sulfate, a holoi i kou mau lima me ke kopa a me ka wai.
ʻO nā hana nui e pale aku i nā fungi mold he pale. ʻO ka mea mua, pono e wehe i nā kumu āpau o ka maʻi ma nā pae āpau o ka ulu ʻana i nā halo.
I mea e pale ʻole ai i ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o ka ʻōpala ma luna o nā halo, pono e pīpī ʻia ka wahi holoʻokoʻa o ka champignon i hoʻokahi manawa i ka pule me kahi hopena 1% o ka copper sulphate. Pono e mālama ʻia ka substrate i hoʻohana ʻia me kahi hopena o ka copper sulphate ma mua o ka wehe ʻana iā ia mai ka mushroom. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea kanu organik wale nō inā ʻaʻohe halo. Pono e puhi pū ʻia nā hale hana me ka substrate.
ʻulaʻula ʻōmaʻomaʻo melemele
melemele ʻōmaʻomaʻo pili pinepine ka substrate i nā champignons. Nawaliwali ka halo, hina hina; make malie ka mycelium. Ma kona wahi, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā halo moldy me nā spores melemele-'ōmaʻomaʻo a me ka mycelium keʻokeʻo. Loaʻa iā ia ke ʻano ʻala pupū a me ka manaʻo ʻeleʻele. ʻO kēia maʻi i loaʻa mai i nā ʻano like ʻole. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomohala i ka manawa like, a he mea paʻakikī ke hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou. He mea maʻamau kēia ʻano polū ma ke ʻano. Hoʻokomo ʻo ia i ka substrate me nā mea hoʻomaka a, me nā microorganism ʻē aʻe, komo i ka composting. Hoʻomaka ka hoʻouluʻana o ka'ōmaʻomaʻo melemele ma kahi mahana o 45 ° C. Make loa ia me ka pasteurization maikaʻi. Inā hana ʻia ka pasteurization me ka manaʻoʻiʻo maikaʻi ʻole, a he maikaʻi ʻole ka substrate ponoʻī, a laila e hoʻopili koke ka ʻōpala i ka mycelium mushroom i ka wā mua o ka hoʻomohala ʻana. Hiki i ka maʻi ke komo i loko o kahi substrate kiʻekiʻe. Hiki i nā kumu o ka ma'i ke ho'ohaumia i ka lepo lepo, i ho'opuehu'ia ma kahi kokoke i nā champignons a me ke kahua compost, ka makani a me ka lepo, nā kāma'a, nā mea hana. Ua lohi loa ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka mea e hana ai ke poʻo mua nā halo. Inā hoʻokomo ʻia ka maʻi i ka manawa lōʻihi, i ka wā i hoʻokumu piha ʻia ai ka mycelium a hoʻomaka ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā hua, a laila e hoʻemi iki ka hopena o ka pau ʻana o ka hua.
No ka pale ʻana i kēia maʻi, pono ʻoe e hahai mau i nā lula a pau o ka maʻemaʻe ma ka pūnaewele compost. Mai hoʻohana i nā kulu manu i mālama lōʻihi ʻia. Pono e hoʻokō ʻia ka compost e pili ana i nā koi āpau a waiho ʻia i loko o ka puʻu. Pono e hoʻopili mau ʻia ka substrate i ka mālama wela. Eia kekahi, pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe koke ʻia ma hope o ka wehe ʻana i ka mushroom mai ia mea. I nā lā makani, ʻaʻole makemake e hoʻomaʻemaʻe. Pono e lawe ʻia ka substrate i hoʻopau ʻia i loko o nā ʻeke plastik. E holoi mau i nā halo a disinfect me nā fungicides.
ʻO nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole o nā haʻiki
mold carmine hana ʻia e ka haʻiki Sporendomena purpurescens Bon. ʻIke ʻia ia i ka wā hua ʻana ma ke ʻano o nā puffs keʻokeʻo a i ʻole kahi uhi o ka mycelium ma waena o nā puʻupuʻu o nā mea integumentary. Hoʻomaka koke ka mycelium o kēia ʻōpala a uhi i ka papa holoʻokoʻa o ka mea integumentary. ʻAʻole e komo i ka wai i ka wā e hoʻoinu ai. I ka champignon, emi mua ka hua, a laila pau loa. Huli melemele ka mycelium o ka poʻi, a laila lilo i ʻulaʻula cherry a hoʻomaka ka sporulation. Aloha nui kēia haʻuki i ka nitrogen a ulu i loko o kahi substrate waiwai i loko. Inā piʻi ka mahana o ka substrate i 10-18 ° C, a laila e hoʻonui ka ulu ʻana o ka haʻuki mold, aʻo ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka haʻuki i hoʻoulu ʻia, ma ke ʻano, e lohi.
No ka pale ʻana i kēia maʻi, pono e pale ʻia kahi substrate supersaturated me ka nitrogen a me ka wai. Pono e hoʻopili pono i nā mea kanu Nitrogen. I ka wā o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa wela o ka substrate, pono e loaʻa kahi influx o ka ea hou. Pono e hoʻokuʻu loa ʻia ʻo Ammonia. Pono ka mahana o ka substrate i mea maikaʻi loa no ka fungus i kanu ʻia.
ʻO ka punawelewele a me ka ʻoliva - nā maʻi maʻamau o nā halo ʻoyster. Hōʻike lākou ma ka substrate a keʻakeʻa i ka ulu ʻana o ka mycelium a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā hua. ʻO ke ala maʻalahi a maikaʻi loa e hakakā ai i kēia mau maʻi ʻo ka paʻakai. E kāpīpī pinepine ʻia ma nā wahi i maʻi ʻia. Kāohi ka paʻakai i ka laha ʻana o ka maʻi.