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ʻO nā halo Porcini i manaʻo ponoʻia he mau haku o ka nahele - ua kaulana loa lākou no ka mea he meaʻono ko lākou a kūpono i nāʻano kuke.
ʻAʻole nui nā ʻano halo porcini, a ʻono maikaʻi lākou a pau i ka hou a me ka maloʻo. I loko o nā ululāʻau o ke kikowaena o kā mākou ʻāina, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike pinepine i ka ʻala birch keʻokeʻo a me ka ʻala pine keʻokeʻo. E like me ka hōʻike ʻana o ka inoa, loaʻa kekahi o lākou i nā ululāʻau deciduous, a ʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe aia i nā ululāʻau coniferous.
Ma kēia ʻatikala, hāʻawi ʻia nā kiʻi a me nā wehewehe o nā halo porcini a me kā lākou mau ʻano, ka ʻike e pili ana i nā halo māhoe a me nā mea hoihoi ʻē aʻe i hāʻawi ʻia i kou nānā.
ʻO ka halo keʻokeʻo a me kāna kiʻi
Māhele: ʻai.
Pāleʻa halo keʻokeʻo ((Boletus edulis) (diameter 8-30 cm):matte, convex iki. He ʻulaʻula, ʻeleʻele, melemele, lemona a ʻalani ʻeleʻele paha.
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E noʻonoʻo i ke kiʻi o ka porcini mushroom: ʻoi aku ka māmā o nā kihi o kona pāpale ma mua o ke kikowaena pouli. He maʻalahi ka pāpale i ka hoʻopā ʻana, i ka wā maloʻo e haki pinepine, a ma hope o ka ua, lilo ia i ʻālohilohi a liʻiliʻi. ʻAʻole kaʻawale ka ʻili mai ka pulp.
Wahi (9-26 knm ke kiʻekiʻe): ʻoi aku ka māmā ma mua o ka pāpale - ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula, i kekahi manawa me kahi ʻulaʻula. E like me nā boletes a pau, piʻi ʻo ia i luna, ke ʻano o ka cylinder, kahi lāʻau, ʻaʻole pinepine ka pahu haʻahaʻa. Aneane pau i uhi ʻia me ka maka o nā veins māmā.
ʻĀpana tubular: keʻokeʻo, i loko o nā halo kahiko hiki ke melemele a ʻoliva paha. Hoʻokaʻawale maʻalahi mai ka pāpale. He poepoe ke ano o na pores liilii.
E like me kāu e ʻike ai ma ke kiʻi o nā halo porcini, he ʻiʻo ikaika lākou āpau o ke kala keʻokeʻo maʻemaʻe, a laila hoʻololi i ka melemele. Ma lalo o ka ʻili he ʻeleʻele a ʻulaʻula paha. ʻAʻohe ona ʻala.
Pālua: nā ʻelele hiki ke ʻai ʻia o ka ʻohana Boletaceae a me ka haʻi ʻawaʻawa (Tylopilus felleus). Akā ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ka gall kahi pulp paʻa, a ʻo kona ʻāpana tubular he ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula (i ke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo he keʻokeʻo). ʻOiaʻiʻo, hiki i nā halo porcini kahiko ke loaʻa ka malu like. ʻO kekahi ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe, ke kaomi ʻia, lilo ka ʻāpana tubular o ka haʻupuʻu i ka ʻulaʻula a ʻeleʻele paha. A ʻo ka mea nui loa - ʻo ka ʻono o ka mushroom inedible gall e like me ka inoa, aʻo ka mea keʻokeʻo he mea ʻoluʻolu.
Ke ulu nei: ulu nā halo keʻokeʻo mai ka waena o Iulai a i ka hopena o Kepakemapa. He mea maʻamau ia ma nā wahi ulu lāʻau ma mua o nā pāpū. ʻO ia kekahi o nā halo liʻiliʻi maʻamau i ka ʻāpana Arctic.
Ma hea e loaʻa ai iaʻu: ma lalo o nā kaʻa, nā ʻoka a me nā birches. ʻOi aku ka pinepine i nā ululāʻau, nā lāʻau i ʻoi aku ma mua o 50 mau makahiki, ma hope o nā chanterelles, greenfinches a me ka russula ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻAʻole makemake ka haʻiki keʻokeʻo i ka wai wai, ka lepo a me ka lepo peaty.
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ʻAi: he ʻono maikaʻi loa.
I loko o nā makahiki, ua loaʻa i ka poʻe ʻohi halo i nā halo haʻihaʻi moʻolelo maoli. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻo kahi halo porcini i loaʻa ma ka ʻāina ʻo Moscow ma kahi o 10 kg a he 60 knm ke anawaena o ka pāpale. Ma ka lua o ka wahi, ua ʻoki ʻia kahi halo porcini ma kahi o Vladimir. He 6 kg 750 g kona kaumaha.
Hoʻohana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau kuʻuna (ʻaʻole i hōʻoia ʻia ka ʻikepili a ʻaʻole i hoʻāʻo ʻia ma ke kino!): ʻO ka haʻiki keʻokeʻo, ʻoiai ma ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, loaʻa kahi antibiotic. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mushroom e pale i ka maʻi maʻi a me nā maʻi o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, hoʻomaikaʻi ka broth i ka pale ʻana a he mea pono loa ia ma hope o kahi maʻi koʻikoʻi, frostbite a me nā ʻano paʻakikī o ka maʻi kanesa ua mālama ʻia me ka tincture.
ʻO Birch porcini mushroom: kiʻi a me nā māhoe
Māhele: ʻai.
Ke po'o haloʻo birch porcini (Boletus betulicolus) (ka anawaena 6-16 knm) alohilohi, hiki ke aneane keokeo a oker a melemele paha. Nui, akā lilo i palahalaha i ka manawa. Manaʻo maʻalahi i ka hoʻopā ʻana.
Wahi (6-12,5 knm ke kiʻekiʻe): keʻokeʻo a ʻeleʻele paha, he ʻano pahu elongated, paʻa.
ʻĀpana tubular: ʻo ka lōʻihi o nā paipu a hiki i 2 cm; liʻiliʻi a poepoe nā pores.
Pulp: keokeo a ono ole.
ʻO nā māhoe o ka halo birch porcini - nā mea ʻai a pau o ka ʻohana Boletaceae a me ʻāʻai ʻāʻī (Tylopilus felleus), he mau maʻi ma luna o ke kumu, ua ʻulaʻula ka papa tubular me ka makahiki, a he ʻawaʻawa ka ʻiʻo.
ʻO kekahi inoa ʻē aʻe: spikelet (ʻo ia ka inoa o ka fungus birch keʻokeʻo i ka Kuban, no ka mea, ʻike ʻia ia i ka manawa e oʻo ai ka rai (pepeiao).
Ke ulu nei: mai ka waena o Iulai a hiki i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ʻOkakopa i ka ʻāina Murmansk, ka ʻāina Far East, Siberia, a me nā ʻāina ʻEulopa Komohana.
E nānā i ke kiʻi o kahi haʻupaʻa keʻokeʻo birch ma ke ʻano - ulu ia ma lalo o nā lāʻau birch a i ʻole ma hope o lākou, ma nā kihi o ka ululāʻau. He ʻokoʻa nā halo o ka ʻohana Boletaceae no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke hana i ka mycorrhiza (symbiotic fusion) me nā ʻano lāʻau ʻoi aku ma mua o 50.
ʻAi: he ʻono maikaʻi loa. Hiki ke hoʻolapalapa, palai, maloʻo, paʻakai.
Hoʻohana i ka lāʻau kuʻuna: ʻaʻole pili.
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Pine mushroom keʻokeʻo (uka) a me kona kiʻi
Māhele: ʻai.
halo paina keʻokeʻo (Boletus pinicola) he pāpale me ke anawaena o 7-30 cm, matte, me nā tubercles liʻiliʻi a me kahi pūnaewele o nā wrinkles liʻiliʻi. He ʻeleʻele maʻamau, ʻaʻole loa me ka ʻulaʻula a poni paha, ʻeleʻele ke kikowaena. I loko o nā ʻōpala ʻōpio, he ʻano hemisphere kona, a laila lilo ia i mea palahalaha a i ʻole convex iki. Manaʻo maloʻo i ka hoʻopā ʻana, akā i ka wā ua lilo i pahee a pili.
E noʻonoʻo i ke kiʻi o nā wāwae o kahi halo pine keʻokeʻo - ʻo kona kiʻekiʻe he 8-17 knm, he ʻano mesh a i ʻole nā tubercles liʻiliʻi. He mānoanoa a pōkole ke kumu, e hoʻonui ana mai luna a lalo. ʻOi aku ka māmā ma mua o ka pāpale, ʻulaʻula pinepine, akā he mau kala ʻē aʻe paha.
ʻĀpana tubular: ʻoliva melemele me nā pores poepoe pinepine.
E like me ke koena o nā halo porcini, nā kiʻi i hōʻike ʻia ma kēia ʻaoʻao, ʻo ka pulp o ka pine boletus he ʻiʻo a me ka ʻiʻo, keʻokeʻo ma ka ʻokiʻoki a me nā ʻala o nā nati toasted.
ʻO nā māhoe o kēia ʻano ʻano haʻupuʻu keʻokeʻo, ʻo ia nā lālā hiki ke ʻai ʻia o ka ʻohana Boletaceae a me ka halo ʻawaʻawa hiki ʻole ke ʻai ʻia (Tylopilus felleus), ʻo ka papa tubular nona ka waihoʻoluʻu ʻulaʻula.
Ke ulu nei: mai ka hopena o Iune a hiki i ka hoʻomaka o ʻOkakopa i ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa o ko mākou ʻāina a me Siberia hema, a me ʻEulopa Komohana a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
Ma hea e loaʻa ai iaʻu: Hoʻokahi a hui pū paha e ulu ana ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā paina, ʻaʻole pinepine kokoke i nā ʻoka, nā ʻōpala, nā beeches a me nā firs.
ʻAi: i manaʻo ʻia kekahi o nā halo ʻono loa. Hoʻohana ʻia i kēlā me kēia ʻano - maloʻo, hoʻolapalapa ʻia (ʻoi loa i nā soups), i ʻai ʻia a i ʻole hoʻomākaukau. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻohi ʻana i nā halo ʻōpiopio, no ka mea, ʻaneʻane ʻaneʻi nā mea kahiko.
Hoʻohana i ka lāʻau kuʻuna: ʻaʻole pili.
Nā inoa ʻē aʻe no nā ʻano ʻano halo porcini
Ua kapa pinepine ʻia ʻo Boletus porcini mushroom: boletus, bipi, kupuna wahine, pēpē, belevik, striker, capercaillie, maikaʻi, melemele, hulu mauʻu, konovyash, konovyatik, korovatik, cowshed, cowshed, korovik, mullein, mullein, bear, bear, pan, hale bipi, halo aloha.
ʻO kekahi inoa ʻē aʻe no ka halo pine porcini ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo boletus dine-loving, uka porcini mushroom.